Optimization design of resistance spot welding parameters of magnesium alloy

By means of the quadratic regression combination design process, the regression equations of nugget diameter and tensile shear load of spot welded joint were established. Effects of welding parameters on the nugget diameter and the tensile shear load were investigated. The results show that effect of welding current on nugget diameter is the most evident. And higher welding current will result in bigger nugget diameter. Besides, interaction effect of electrode force and welding current on tensile shear load is the most evident compared with others. The optimum welding parameters corresponding to the maximum of tensile shear load have been obtained by programming using Matlab software, which is 4, 7 kN electrode force, 28 kA welding current and 4 cycle welding time. Under the condition of the optimum welding parameters, the joint having no visible defects can be obtained, nugget diameter and tensile shear load being 6. 8 mm and 3 256 N, respectively.

Subsection method of fatigue design for welded joints treated by ultrasonic peening

Concerning the notable difference between the S-N curve slope of welded joints treated by ultrasonic peening treatment （UPT） and that of as-welded joints, the subsection method is put forward for fatigue design of welded joints treated by UPT, using the design method of nominal S-N curves. Results show that, in medium life zone, strength grade of the fatigue design curves for UPT welded joints is two grades higher than that for as-welded joints. Furthermore, in medium life zone, strength grade of the fatigue design curves for UPT welded joints is three grades lower than that in long life zone. Conclusion of the comparison is that as for different joint types in different life zones, fatigue design should be processed according to different S-N curves respectively.

Design strategy of intelligent CAD for welding positioner scheme design

Traditional CAD technique does not support the design processes such as function definition, conceptual design and preliminary design, which are most creative and play significant roles on the design quality. Because scheme design has close relationship with product structure, performance and technology cost, it is important for applying the intelligent CAD of scheme design to improve the quality and competitive level of the product. The definition and function of welding positioner are discussed in this paper. The new definition of welding positioner extends the research scope of welding positioner to welding fixture and welding positioning motion mechanism. The design process of welding fixture and positioning motion system is described, and the cased based and knowledge based design strategy of welding positioner scheme design intelligent CAD is then put forward, which lays foundation for developing proto type system of welding positioner scheme design.

COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF ADAPTIVE PULSED ARC WELDING OF ROOT WELDS BY MELTING ELECTRODE

The purpose of computer-aided design of new adaptive pulsed arc technologies of welding is: to de- sign optimum algorithms of pulsed control over main energy parameters of welding.It permits:to in- crease welding productivity, to stabilize the welding regime, to control weld formation,taking into ac- count its spatial position, to proveal specie strength of the welded and coatings. Computer- aided design reduces the time of development of new pulsed arc technology:provides the optimization of technological referes according to the operating conditions of welded joints,the prediction of the ser- vice life of the welds.The developed methodology of computer-aided design of advanced technologies, models, original software, adaptive algorithms of pulsed control, and spend equipment permits to regulate penetration,the weld shape, the sizes of heat - affected zone; to predict sired properties and quality of welded joints.

Design method for transistor-inverted welding power supplies

From the viewpoint of reliability and practicability, a general design method and the related considerationsfor transistor- inverted welding power supplies are proposed in this paper. The detail contents are composed of the choice ofinverters, the choice and protection of transistors, the determination of inverting frequency, the design of transformers,and the choice of output rectifiers and rectifying diodes. Besides, a concrete design example of the transistor-invertedpower supply for plasma arc cutting is introduced.

Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis and Optimum Design of Spot-Welded Joints and Weld-Bonded Joints

Resistance spot welding and hybrid weld bonding have wide applications in the body work construction within the automobile industry. The integrity of the spot welds and applied adhesives determines the body assembly rigidity and dynamic performance. Incorporating contact nonlinearity and geometric nonlinearity, finite element analysis (FEA) have been carried out to investigate the structural stiffness and strength of both spot-welded and weld-bonded assemblies. Topology optimization has been performed to reveal the distributions of material effectiveness in the overlap regions and suggest a feasible method for removing underutilized material for weight reduction. Design optimization has been conducted with an aim to reduce the maximum von Mises stress in the assembly to minimum by choosing optimum values for a set of design variables, including the weld spacing, weld diameter and overlap width.

Prediction of Weld Bead Geometry in Plasma Arc Welding using Factorial Design Approach

The effect of various process parameters like welding current, torch height, welding speed and plasma gas flow rate on front melting width, back melting width and weld reinforcement of plasma arc welding on aluminum alloy is investigated by using factorial design approach. Variable polarity plasma arc welding is used for welding aluminum alloy. Trail experiments are conducted and the limits of the input process parameters are decided. Two levels and four input process parameters are chosen and experiments are conducted as per typical design matrix considering full factorial design. Total sixteen experiments are conducted and output responses are measured. The coefficients are calculated by using regression analysis and the mathematical models are constructed. By using the mathematical models the main and interaction effect of various process parameters on weld quality is studied.

Optimum design of welding transformer

Welding transformer is widely used in industry manufacturing, depleting a large portion of electricity energy.Based on modern computer technology and mathematical programming, optimum design of electro-magnetic devices leads to highly efficient use of energy and materials. Are welding transformer is optimized here. A mathematical model,considering both productive cost and operating losses, which is called or Economical-through-Life transformer, is established. Mixed penalty function method, mixed dispersing variable method and improved orthogonal method have been applied to carry out the optimization calculations. Result shows that the power factor is quite important in an Economi-cal-through-Life transformer, and that some principles must be followed in the design work. Also discussed are the advantages and disadvantages of the three methods. In the end, the prospect of optimum design of welding transformer is forecast.

高参数垃圾电站锅炉防腐涂层体系的设计策略与评价

随着国家“双碳”战略目标的提出,垃圾发电成为城市垃圾处理的主流方式。针对高参数垃圾电站锅炉管道腐蚀减薄到一定程度时,造成泄漏甚至爆管的严重安全问题,本文在简介了高参数对锅炉腐蚀影响规律的基础上,评述了高参数条件下管道的基材特性及主流涂层防护技术,重点论述了Inconel堆焊、感应熔焊、HVOF等技术及性能。因为涂层系统设计主要是对管道基体和涂层材料与工艺进行选配,同时匹配参数也是对涂层系统的主要评价指标,所以本文对热膨胀系数、导热系数、结合强度、孔隙率、服役寿命以及经济性等参数进行了系统评价,并阐述了涂层结构设计策略,包括防腐涂层的厚度设计、涂层结构设计、涂层材料组分设计等内容。根据涂层防护技术现存的主要问题,提出粉末合成设计-涂层结构设计-服役性能评价一体化研究的重要性;针对目前主要的材料体系设计比较集中于高Cr含量的FeCr系和NiCr系合金的现状,指出应开发以NiCr基辅以W、Mo等元素涂层材料,使其兼具优异的耐腐蚀和抗磨损的综合性能。最后对涂层防护技术的发展前景进行展望。

Case-based intelligent computer aided design system of welding machinery

The procedure during complex system plan design of welding position-locating machine is studied in this paper. The main difficulties in designing welding position-locating machine utilizing computer are discussed as well. A method of case-based intelligent CAD system for welding position-locating machine ( WMICAD) is put forward through wide research on design methodology. Object-oriented programming method is also applied to Ms system. The basic idea and realizing method are described.

车顶焊缝涂胶机器人智能视觉系统设计与实现

车顶焊缝是车身密封性最重要、最常用,也是最薄弱的一环,同时也是车身密封性检测中重要组成部分。为了提高车顶焊缝的涂胶质量,必须对其进行准确的检测与涂胶控制。为了使焊接机器人能与车顶焊缝同时实现涂胶,以激光跟踪仪为主要测量仪器,针对车顶焊缝涂胶的需求,设计了一套基于激光跟踪仪的视觉系统,并在此基础上提出了一种基于圆心检测的涂胶策略。该系统能在焊枪扫描过程中实时识别目标对象,通过对目标对象的距离、旋转角度和圆心等参数进行测量,实现对涂胶路径的实时控制。

车架纵梁焊接变形控制在生产线中运用

车架总成运用在皮卡、轻卡和非承载式乘用车上,是非常重要的底部骨架件。车架总成质量对整车安全、舒适性影响较大。车架总成中纵梁总成的焊接变形最难控制,传统的控制焊接变形方式已经很难保证纵梁总成变形量,使得车架整体尺寸控制和装配都难达到高品质要求,为了提升车架总成尺寸,降低车架纵梁总成焊接变形量,本文对车架纵梁总成焊后变形进行研究,从夹具设计和机器人焊接布局两方面来保证纵梁总成焊后变形控制在2.3-3.2mm,从而保证车架总成尺寸和生产效率。

大腔体陶瓷封装中平行缝焊的密封可靠性设计

随着平行缝焊腔体尺寸的增大,尤其在中温共烧陶瓷封装和薄型高温共烧陶瓷封装中,常常存在平行缝焊的密封成品率相对较低和气密性可靠性相对较差的问题。通过分析氧化铝陶瓷封装的密封失效原因,提出优化平行缝焊可伐焊框和盖板的结构设计来提升密封可靠性。以采用FC-CPGA570封装形式的某型DSP电路为例进行仿真和验证,通过降低钎焊残余热应力、增加缓冲结构、采用盖板轻量化设计,实现了很好的密封成品率及好的密封可靠性,为同类产品乃至低温共烧陶瓷封装的气密性设计、可靠性提升提供参考。

造船焊接工艺评定系统设计与实践

为提高焊接工艺评定效率,设计了造船生产的焊接工艺评定系统。在焊接工艺评定数据流自动导入设计的基础上,通过置入规范要求条款、将焊接工艺纳入船舶分段项目式管理、以及工艺的预测等,完成了具有船企特征和智能化特征的焊接工艺评定系统的设计。焊接工艺评定系统投入使用后,提升了焊接工艺评定效率,节省了焊接工艺评定成本,有效疏通了与上游生产设计和下游焊接生产管理的信息交互。

基于响应曲面的卡盖双浇口工艺参数优化与模具设计

车用电源卡盖结构复杂与多加强筋的结构特征,在其注塑成型过程可能会阻碍了材料的流动诱发熔接线、翘曲变形等问题,影响产品的表面质量和结构强度。因此,本文将理论算法与有限元仿真相结合开展卡盖制品注塑成型工艺优化与模具设计研究。研究结果如下:首先,根据产品特征确定了点浇口及位置,进而结合Moldflow开展单浇口和双浇口的对比分析并确定了双浇口;其次,以熔接线长度为优化目标,建立响应曲面法实验方案并开展仿真分析;然后,利用最小二乘法、方差分析、回归分析等,确定了以熔接线为优化目标的最优工艺组合,即塑料制品的熔体温度(A)为260℃、模具温度(B)为65℃、注射时间(C)为1.5 s、保压压力(D)70 MPa及保压时间(E)10 s,此时的熔接线最大长度约为5.8 mm,相比于初始分析方案的31.5 mm降低了81.6%;最后,采用UG进行了卡盖的注塑模具设计并进行生产验证,产品填充完整且表面质量良好,为生产提供指导意义。

H型钢梁柱栓焊连接节点的有限元研究

栓焊连接有两种常用设计方法:简化设计法和精确设计法。基于工程算例,对两种计算方法得出的栓焊连接节点进行ABAQUS建模分析,研究两种计算方法下连接节点的受力特征。

磁脉冲点焊焊枪的设计及仿真分析

目的根据现有平板线圈的不足,设计了一种用于自动化作业的磁脉冲点焊焊枪。方法采用有限元模拟方法对比分析了磁脉冲点焊焊枪线圈和现有平板线圈的性能差异,并对磁脉冲点焊焊枪线圈的结构进行了优化。结果当线圈工作部分高10 mm、宽4 mm时,焊枪线圈和平板线圈的最大电流密度、最大磁感应强度、最大洛伦兹力分别为3.142×10^(10)A/m^(2)和3.639×10^(10)A/m^(2)、19.40 T和21.69 T、5.149×10^(11)N和1.626×10^(12)N。当线圈工作部分宽4 mm时,随着高度由10 mm降低至4 mm,焊枪线圈的最大电流密度和最大洛伦兹力分别提升了27.56%和57.64%。当驱动能力接近时,焊枪线圈所产生的位移仅为平板线圈的13.09%。当焊枪线圈工作部分截面为10 mm×10 mm的方形时,飞板凸台在20μs时的速度仅为200 m/s;而当截面为ϕ5.6 mm的圆形时,飞板凸台在19.2μs时便产生237 m/s的速度。结论在工作部分的高度和宽度相同的情况下,焊枪线圈的性能要弱于现有平板线圈的性能。在宽度不变的条件下降低焊枪线圈工作部分的高度可以增大飞板的电流密度、洛伦兹力和速度,并且在性能相近的情况下,焊枪线圈工作部分所受应力要小于现有平板线圈所受应力。另外,将磁脉冲点焊焊枪线圈工作部分的截面由方形替换为相同面积的圆形,可以获得更优的焊接条件。

高锰奥氏体低温钢发展现状、成分设计及热处理焊接工艺分析

以价格低廉的Mn替代价格较为昂贵的Ni,研发新型无Ni低温钢,已成为液化天然气(LNG)储罐用钢当前研究的新热点。本文依次介绍低温钢的概念和特点,以及高锰奥氏体低温钢国内外的发展现状,并详细列举了国家与团体标准中关于高锰奥氏体低温钢成分及性能的要求。综合分析不同元素对高锰奥氏体低温钢力学性能的影响,表明Fe-24Mn-0.45C-3Cr-0.5Cu系高锰奥氏体低温钢综合性能优异,可作为高锰奥氏体低温钢成分体系优化设计参考依据。研究表明,适当热处理可有效提升高锰钢低温韧性,而采用保护金属电弧焊后的焊缝低温韧性要优于埋弧焊,尽管两者屈服强度和抗拉强度无较大差别。

局部干法水下焊接装置的研制

为了对核燃料池进行水下焊接,研制了一套局部干法水下焊接装置。通过搭建试验平台,采用该装置在亚克力池中进行了水下非熔化极惰性气体保护电弧焊试验,利用圆形补丁片对不锈钢壁面上的缺陷部位进行焊接修复。结果表明,焊后焊缝成形良好,可以实现水下废池的修复,验证了该局部干法水下焊接装置的可行性。

基于Design-Expert V7设计的不锈钢激光非熔透搭接焊工艺优化研究

在保证焊接接头的力学性能的前提下,采用Design-Expert V7软件对厚度为0.8 mm/1.5 mm的SUS301L奥氏体不锈钢激光搭接焊接试验进行设计,并通过优化焊接参数来减少焊缝背面微凸变形。为了获得最佳的激光焊接工艺参数,建立一套与每个焊缝特征相关的焊接参数的数学模型。并通过验证试验检验所建立的数学模型的准确性,其误差范围小于5%,可以被用于后续的优化分析。根据优化方案得到最佳的焊接条件是激光功率、焊接速度、激光入射角度和离焦量分别为3.50～3.79 kW、7.40～8.00 m/min、65°和0 mm。同时,通过试验研究和优化分析得出,离焦量只对最优区域的偏移有影响,对最优区域的宽度影响不大,而激光入射角度对最优区域的偏移和宽度均有较大影响。