Analysis of the Effect of Psychological Nursing Combined with Breathing Exercises in Improving Lung Function in Patients with Pneumoconiosis

Objective: To analyze the effect of psychological nursing combined with breathing exercises on lung function of patients with pneumoconiosis, and to analyze the methods. A total of 64 cases of pneumoconiosis admitted from January 2020 to December 2022 were divided into the reference group and the experimental group by random numerical table. On the basis of symptomatic treatment, the control group was combined with conventional nursing measures and breathing exercises, while the experimental group was treated with psychological nursing on the basis of the control group, and the pulmonary function indexes and adverse mood of the two groups before and after nursing were compared. Results: There was no difference in SAS score, SDS score and pulmonary function indexes between the two groups before intervention (P > 0.05), and the SAS score in the experimental group was the SDS score was lower than that of the control group, and FEV1, FEV1% and FEV1/FVC were higher than those of the control group, and the P < 0.05 was lower.

Changes of Tumor Necrosis Factor, Surfactant Protein A, and Phospholipids in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid in the Development and Progression of Coal Workers’ Pneumoconiosis

Objective To evaluate the alterations of biomarkers in the development and progression of coal workers＇ pneumoconiosis （CWP）. Methods The type and number of cells, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）, pulmonary surfactant protein, phospholipids and fibronectin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were assayed in 14 health active coal miners, 21 coal miners without CWP and 13 miners with CWP of 0/1 to 1/1. Results Compared to active coal miners without CWP （8,23μg/mL）, TNF-α concentration was gradually decreased when dust exposure was stopped （5.90 μg/mL）. Elevated surfactant protein A （SP-A） level and phosphatidylglycerol （PG） to phosphatidylinositol （PI） ratio were found in miners actively exposed to coal dust （6528 μg/mL for SP-A and 10. for PG/P1）, and both parameters decreased when CWP progressed from CWP （0/1） （3419μg/mL for SP-A and 5.9 for PG/PI） to CWP （1/1） （1654 μg/mL for SP-A and 5.5 for PG/PI）. Conclusion Biomarkers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid can be used to screen coal miners at high risk of developing coal workers＇ pneumoconiosis.

Risk of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Patients with Coal Workers'Pneumoconiosis:A Case-control Study in China

The aim of this study was to estimate the association between occupational, environmental, behavioral risk factors, and active pulmonary tuberculosis（PTB） among coal workers＇ pneumoconiosis（CWP） patients. A matched case-control study was conducted in 86 CWP patients with active PTB and 86 CWP controls without TB. A standardized questionnaire was used for risk factors assessment. Conditioned logistic regression analysis was used to identify associations between the risk factors and active PTB among CWP patients. The results showed that the stage of CWP, poor workplace ventilation, family history of TB, and exposure to TB were independent risk factors for active PTB in patients with CWP with which recommendations for improving work environments, and for case finding activities in patients with CWP could be made.

Combined silicosis and mixed dust pneumoconiosis with rapid progression: A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND Rapidly progressive pneumoconiosis(RPP) occasionally occurs in coal workers, particularly those with high exposure to silica. Here, we report the case of a 64-year-old male miller with RPP. CASE SUMMARY The patient had a persistent cough for one month and had been clinically diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis in 2011. He worked in a stone processing factory from the ages of 20 through 37 and has owned his own mill for the past 25 years. His chest radiograph showed significant increases in the size and number of lung nodules since his last follow-up in 2013. By percutaneous needle lung biopsy, the nodular lesions showed diffuse infiltration of phagocytic macrophages and birefringent crystals by polarizing microscopy. He was finally diagnosed with RPP of mixed dust pneumoconiosis combined with silicosis. CONCLUSION In this case, mixed dust pneumoconiosis with silicosis might be accelerated by persistent exposure to graindust from working in a mill environment.

Association oftransforming growth factor-β1 gene variants with risk of coal workers'pneumoconiosis

Objective： The aim of this case-control study was to explore whether five tagging single nucleotide poly- morphisms （tSNPs） within the transforming growth factor-ill （TGF-fll） gene were involved in manifestation of inflammatory and fibrotic processes associated with coal workers pneumoconiosis （CWP）. Methods： The study included 508 CWP patients and 526 controls who were underground coal miners from Xuzhou Mining Business Group. Five tSNPs were selected from the HapMap and detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP） method. Results： The single SNP analysis showed that the genotype frequencies of SNP2 （rs1800470, ＋869T/C, extron 1） and SNP5 （rs11466345, intron 5） in CWP cases were significantly different from those in controls. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that SNP2 （rs1800470） CC genotype was associated with decreased risk of CWP （OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.32-0.78）, which was evident among subgroups of those never smoke （OR = 0.40, 95%CI = 0.24-0.66）, cases with stage Ⅱ（OR = 0.41, 95%CI = 0.22-0.76） and exposure period （〈 28 y： OR = 0.54, 95%CI = 0.31-0.95; ≥ 28 y： OR = 0.52, 95%CI = 0.32-0.96）. However, the SNP5 （rs11466345） GG genotype was associated with an increased risk of CWP （OR = 2.5, 95%CI = 1.36-4.57）, and further stratification analysis showed that the risk of CWP was increased in both smoking and nonsmoking groups, shorter and longer exposure groups, while the risk of CWP was only increased in patients with stage I and Ⅱ. Conclusion： This study suggests that TGF-β1 polymorphisms may contribute to susceptibility of CWP.

Spatial and Temporal Variations of Pneumoconiosis in the Pearl River Delta Region in 2006–2015

Pneumoconiosis is a restrictive lung disease mostly caused by occupational exposure to dust,including silica dust,asbestos,and other fibers.Inhalable particles smaller than 10μm can enter the bronchioles,injure lung cells,and induce lung fibrosis.This hard-to-cure disease places a substantial burden on patients and society[1].

An analysis of contributing mining factors in coal workers’pneumoconiosis prevalence in the United States coal mines,1986-2018

In the United States,an unexpected and severe increase in coal miners’lung diseases in the late 1990s prompted researchers to investigate the causes of the disease resurgence.This study aims to scrutinize the effects of various mining parameters,including coal rank,mine size,mine operation type,coal seam height,and geographical location on the prevalence of coal worker’s pneumoconiosis(CWP)in surface and underground coal mines.A comprehensive dataset was created using the U.S.Mine Safety and Health Administration(MSHA)Employment and Accident/Injury databases.The information was merged based on the mine ID by utilizing SQL data management software.A total number of 123,589 mine-year observations were included in the statistical analysis.Generalized Estimating Equation(GEE)model was used to conduct a statistical analysis on a total of 29,707,and 32,643 mine-year observations for underground and surface coal mines,respectively.The results of the econometrics approach revealed that coal workers in underground coal mines are at a greater risk of CWP comparing to those of surface coal operations.Furthermore,underground coal mines in the Appalachia and Interior regions are at a higher risk of CWP prevalence than the Western region.Surface coal mines in the Appalachian coal region are more likely to CWP development than miners in the Western region.The analysis also indicated that coal workers working in smaller mines are more vulnerable to CWP than those in large mine sizes.Furthermore,coal workers in thin-seam underground mine operations are more likely to develop CWP.

A Study of Siliceous Pneumoconiosis in a Desert Area of Sunan County,Gansu Province,China

Three hundred and ninety five residents in a desert area were examined with chest radiographs and 28 cases with siliceous pneumoconiosis were found. The prevalence of siliceous pneumoconiosis was 7.09%, and that over 40 years of age was 21%. The histological findings of lungs from a camel living in that area for 20 years also confirmed to have siliceous pneumoconiosis.

Measurement of Residual Volume in Patients with Pneumoconiosis and Workers Exposed to Cement Dust

The Residual Volume (RV) and Functional ResidualCapacity (FRC) were measured in 49 male workers exposedto cement dust (group A) and 50 male patients with pneu-moconiosis (group B). These data were compared withthose in 84 healthy workers (group C). Data from groupA, B exhibited mixed or obstructed ventilation dysfunction.The means of RV%, FRC% in group A were 31.2～35.6%and 56.7～59.3% respectively. These values were not onlysignificantly higher than those of the group C, but alsohigher than those of group B. The individual abnormaldetecting rates of RV% in group A, B were 26.5% and52.0% respectively, remarkably higher than 9.5% in thegroup C. It seems that RV% can be used as an individualscreening test in clinical practice. In physiologic terms,It has been recognized that FRC might more objectively.reflect the changes in quasi-static mechanics in community.The impact factors of RV might be related to quasi-staticmechanics other than to those of strength of respiratorymuscles, resistance of airway and collapsibility of bron-chial walls.

Application of PCR-SSCP in detecting rpoB drug resistant gene polymorphism of M. tuberculosis L-form from pneumoconiosis patients with tuberculosis

Objective: To study the relationship between the polymorphism of drug resistant gene rpoB and drug resistance against rifampicin(RFP) of M. tuberculosis L-forms, and to evaluate its clinical application. Methods: A total of 52 clinical isolated strains of M. tuberculosis L-forms were collected. rpoB gene polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and conventional antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST). Their results were compared. Results: AST results showed that 38 of 52 clinical isolated strains were drug resistance (73.08％),while PCR-SSCP indicated 65.38％ (32/52) rpoB gene polymorphism. There was no statistic significance(χ2= 2.4914) between the 2 methods. Conclusion:Combined the application of PCR-SSCP with AST in detecting rpoB drug resistant gene polymorphism of M. tuberculosis L-form from pneumoconiosis patients with tuberculosis may have advantages at earlier diagnosis and guidance of clinical medications.

Detecting katG Drug Resistant Genetic Mutation among pneumoconiosis patients complicated with tuberculosis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis L-forms by PCR-SSCP

Objective：To study the relationship between mutation in the katG gene and drug resistance of INH in Mycobacterium tuberculosis L-forms among patients of pneumoconiosis complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis, and to explore the clinical application of PCR-SSCP. Methods： A total of 52 clinical isolated strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis L-forms were collected. Mutation in the katG genes was detected by PCR-SSCP and traditional antimicrobial susceptibility test （AST）. Results： The results by AST showed that there were 40 persisters in 52 clinical isolated strains. The drug resistant rate was 76.92%（40/52）, and the gene mutation rate of katG was 57.70%（30/52）by PCR-SSCP, the difference was no quite significance （X^2 = 2.8507, P 〉 0.05）. The coincidence rate of two methods was 75.00% （30/40）. Conclusion： The detectionrate of katG resistant strains in Mycobacterium tuberculosis L-forms was high by PCR-SSCP. The combined application of PCR-SSCP and traditional antimicrobial susceptibility test can improve the detecting rate.

Post-Procedure Mortality after Cardiovascular Treatment Procedures in Patients with Pneumoconiosis

Pneumoconiosis (PNC) is a major occupational disease that develops as a result of occupational exposure to dust via inhalation. In addition to its harmful effects on the respiratory system, PNC can increase vulnerability to coronary heart disease (CHD)—the leading cause of death in the United States and in the world. Currently, two types of cardiovascular intervention procedures for CHD treatment are percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The objective of this study was to investigate comparative effectiveness of the two major cardiovascular intervention procedures—PCI and CABG—in PNC patients with CHD. Data from 1094 hospitalizations of adult patients with PNC and CHD (CHD-PNC patients) and 534,120 hospi-talizations of CHD patients without PNC (CHD-nonPNC) were investigated. Adjusted odds ratios for in-hospital death in relation to the type of procedure, adjusted for patient socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and hospital characteristics, were calculated using multivariable logistic regression. Men constituted 97.8% of CHD-PNC patients and 68.6% of CHD-nonPNC patients. Within the CHD-PNC group, crude (unadjusted) in-hospital mortality after CABG and PCI did not differ significantly (1.35% vs. 2.00%, p = 0.425) and remained insignificant in the multivariable analysis, adjusted for patient and hospital characteristics (adjusted OR = 0.714, 95% CI 0.220 - 2.323, p = 0.576). But in the CHD-nonPNC group, in-hospital mortality after CABG was significantly higher than after PCI both in crude analysis (2.83% vs. 1.28%,

X-ray Manifestations of Pneumoconiosis Patients and Differential Analysis with Pulmonary Tuberculosis

[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the X-ray manifestations of pneumoconiosis patients and differentiation from pulmonary tuberculosis.[Methods]Retrospective analysis was conducted on 103 patients who underwent lung examinations,including 47 cases of pneumoconiosis and 56 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis.The differences in nodule characteristics and accompanying cavity sign between pneumoconiosis and pulmonary tuberculosis were compared.[Results]The X-ray manifestations of pneumoconiosis patients mainly included various forms of lung images,which were uneven in density,and had blurry edges,and sometimes thickening of lung markings and reduction of lung volume could be observed.The acinar nodules observed in X-ray films of patients with hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis appeared petal like.The uniformity of nodule appearance such as nodule distribution,nodule density,and nodule size was significantly lower in pneumoconiosis than in hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis,showing a statistical significance(P<0.05).The diameter of cavities in patients with pneumoconiosis accompanied by cavity sign[(0.64±0.13 vs 3.37±0.95)cm]was lower than that in patients with secondary pulmonary tuberculosis accompanied by cavity sign.There was a significant difference in the thickness of the cavity wall between the two diseases,and patients with pneumoconiosis accompanied by cavity sign had a higher rate of thick wall cavities(>3 mm).The X-ray manifestations of pneumoconiosis and tuberculosis were relatively similar,but the distribution,density and size of nodules in pneumoconiosis were relatively uneven,and the patients accompanied by cavity sign had smaller cavity diameter and higher rate of thick-walled cavities.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference for the clinical differential diagnosis of pneumoconiosis and pulmonary tuberculosis.

Prevention and Treatment of Pneumoconiosis in China

Silicosis is one of the most serious occupational diseases which affect many workers' health in China. Under the guidance of policies from the Chinese Government, the industries, hcalth care institutions, scientists and workers were organized and have made great efforts in plevention and treatment of silicosis as well as pneumoconiosis. Since the 1960s, the national health standards and chest X-ray diagnosis criteria for silicosis were established and have been revised recently.A nationwide epidemiological survey revealed that the cumulative pneumoconiosis cases were about 4 800 000 (1949-1992). The high prevalence rate has been the motivation to search for anti-silicotic drugs. Several kinds of anti-silicotic drugs were studied and found to be able to retard progression of silicosis and cause changes in X-ray picture. The mechanism of drug efficiency and the development of silicosis have attracted the interest of scientists in this fields and fruitful results have been obtained. For prevention of dust hazards, the systematic design for facilities of dust collection and the isolation of dust source appropriate to township industries have been worked out and used widely. Recently,under the supervision of the Ministry of Public Health, China, a pilot study on countermeasure for industrial hazards and health care service in township industries has been instituted

Rule of prescribing traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of pneumoconiosis basedon association rules and k-means clustering algorithm

Objective:To analyze the rule of prescribing traditional Chinese medicine for treating pneumoconiosis,so as to provide reference for differential diagnosis and treatment of pneumoconiosis as well as for the development of new drugs for treatingthe disease.Methods:We searched China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Database and VIP Chinese PublicationDatabase to retrieve relevant literatures which were then screened according to the enrollment criteria to establish a prescriptiondatabase of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of pneumoconiosis.The inheritance calculation platform of traditionalChinese medicine was used to analyze the prescribing rule of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of pneumoconiosisbased on association rules,k-means clustering algorithm and regression model analysis.Results:A total of 131 related literature were preliminarily selected,from which 97 prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine with a total of 195 herbs were included.The most frequently prescribed herbs included Radix astragali,Platycodon grandiflorum,Pinellia ternata,licorice,Codonopsispilosula,Salvia miltiorrhiza,bitter almond etc.A total of 14 association rules,13 high-frequency herb pairs were found and 5groups of formulas were revealed by cluster analysis.Conclusion:The prescriptions for the treatment of pneumoconiosis are mainly composed of herbs for tonifying deficiency,resolving phlegm,relieving cough and asthma,activating blood circulation and removingblood stasis,which are supplemented with herbs for clearing heat,relieving appearance,regulating qi,promoting waterand permeating dampness,etc.,The prescribing rules reflect the basic pathological characteristics of lung deficiency and collateral arthralgia in pneumoconiosis,which provides some ideas for the clinical differentiation and treatment of pneumoconiosis in traditionalChinese medicine.It also provides reference for the research and development of new treatment methods.

The Efficacy Analysis of Transbronchoscopic Large Volume Lung Lavage in Treatment of Pneumoconiosis Complicated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of transbronchoscopic large volume lung lavage in the treatment of pneumoconiosis complicated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:The clinical data of 80 patients with pneumoconiosis complicated with COPD admitted to our hospital from June 2017 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.40 patients in the control group were treated with conventional drugs and 40 patients in the observation group treated with conventional drugs plus transbronchoscopic large-volume lung lavage.Dyspnea score and healthy quality of life were compared between the two groups.Results:the scores of dyspnea in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group at 12,24 and 48 weeks after treatment,and the(SGRQ)scores of George’s respiratory problems questionnaire in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group at 12,24 and 48 weeks after treatment.Conclusion:Thetransbronchoscopic large volume of lung lavage has a significant effect on the treatment of pneumoconiosis patients with COPD,which can effectively reduce the degree of dyspnea and improve the quality of life.

The Effect of Respiratory Rehabilitation Training on the Life Quality of Pneumoconiosis Patients

Objective:To explore the effect of respiratory rehabilitation training on the quality of life of pneumoconiosis patients.Methods:76 pneumoconiosis patients who were treated in our hospital from April 2017 to December 2019 were selected as the research object,and randomly divided into 2 groups according to the order of admission by coin tossing,38 cases in each group.The control group carried out health knowledge education on the basis of conventiona1 treatment,and the observation group combined with respiratory rehabilitation training on the basis of the control group to compare the quality of life and lung function of the two groups of patients.Results:After 2 months of nursing care,scores of GQOLI-74 scale and pulmonary ventilation function indexes in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion:Respiratory rehabilitation training can improve pulmonary ventilation function of pneumoconiosis patients,improve the quality of life of patients,has good clinical application value.

HkV和HRCT检查在职业性尘肺病诊断中的价值

目的探究高千伏胸片(HkV)和高分辨率计算机体层X线摄影术(HRCT)检查在职业性尘肺病诊断中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析133例进行职业病诊断的尘肺病患者资料,患者均接受HkV和HRCT检查,以临床病理检查为金标准,比较HkV和HRCT对尘肺患者肺部阴影的显示情况、图片质量、分期诊断符合率及尘肺合并症的检出情况。结果HRCT对肺部P影、小阴影检出率高于HkV(P<0.05),两组大阴影检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);HRCT检查图像质量有效率高于HkV检查(P<0.05);HRCT诊断总准确率高于HkV诊断(P<0.05);HRCT对肺部感染、肺气肿、胸膜增厚、气胸的检出率高于HkV(P<0.05),HRCT与HkV对肺结核、肺大泡检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论HRCT检查对职业性尘肺病患者肺部阴影、临床分期及合并症的诊断效果高于HkV,图片质量更高。

我国非煤矿山职业健康防控技术研究现状、挑战及展望

矿业是现代工业的粮食,在国民经济发展中发挥着不可替代的作用,但采矿过程伴随众多职业危害因素,给工人职业健康与安全造成极大影响。采用文献查阅、现场调研、访谈交流等方法,并基于团队已有研究积累,对新中国成立以来我国非煤矿山职业健康防控技术研究现状进行了综述,并分析了当前面临的主要挑战。结果表明:我国非煤矿山职业危害主要涉及粉尘、噪声、高温等7类因素,存在“点多、面广、源强”的显著特点,防治难度大;在7类职业危害因素中,粉尘危害最为突出,且爆破粉尘、强疏水性微细粉尘、井下喷浆粉尘与高寒、低气压、超大规模开采粉尘防治是目前面临的主要挑战。在上述分析的基础上,指出我国非煤矿山职业健康防护技术未来发展方向为健全非煤矿山职业危害监管体系、强化职业危害控制科技创新与实践、推行职业危害防控专业化社会服务、坚持职业危害个性化与综合防治、探索职业危害智能化防治技术,逐步形成以监管落实为驱动、科技创新为抓手、社会服务为目标的科学发展模式,切实提高非煤矿山职业危害因素防治效果,保障工人职业健康与安全。

职业性尘肺病患者胸部CT影像表现与肺通气功能的相关性

目的探讨职业性尘肺病患者胸部CT影像表现与肺通气功能相关性。方法选取2019年1月至2021年12月焦作市疾病预防控制中心收集的86例职业性尘肺病患者纳入尘肺病组,早期煤尘肺病HRCT分期法分为Ⅰ期33例、Ⅱ期29例和Ⅲ期24例,另选取86例同期行健康体检者纳入健康对照(HC)组,均接受胸部CT检查和肺通气功能检查,采用Camiciotoli视觉评分法评估两组胸部CT影像肺间质纤维化评分,记录呼气流量峰值(PEF)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))、FEV_(1)/用力肺活量(FCV)、最大自主通气量(MMV)。分析职业性尘肺病患者胸部CT影像表现;比较尘肺病组和HC组胸部CT影像肺纤维化评分和肺通气功能指标水平;比较不同分期职业性尘肺病患者胸部CT影像肺纤维化评分和肺通气功能指标水平;Pearson相关性分析职业性尘肺病患者胸部CT影像肺纤维化评分与肺通气功能指标的关系。结果职业性尘肺病患者胸部CT影像主要表现为小结节影、小结节聚集、纤维斑块形和小叶间隔增厚、胸膜斑;尘肺病组胸部CT影像肺纤维化评分为(20.16±5.01)分,其FEV_(1)、PEF、FEV_(1)/FVC值、MVV低于HC组(P<0.05);Ⅲ期职业性尘肺病患者胸部CT影像肺纤维化评分高于Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期患者,FEV_(1)、PEF、FEV_(1)/FVC值、MVV低于Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期患者(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析,职业性尘肺病患者胸部CT影像肺纤维化评分与FEV_(1)、PEF、FEV_(1)/FVC值、MVV呈负相关(r=-0.625,-0.865,-0.636,-0.673,P<0.05)。结论职业性尘肺病患者胸部CT影像肺纤维化评分与肺通气功能指标之间存在负相关性,可作为临床判断职业性尘肺病和评估病情进展的可靠的影像学指标。