In Algeria,water is a critically limited resource.Rapid demographic,urban and economic development has significantly increased water demand,the particularly for drinking water supply and agriculture.Groundwater serves...In Algeria,water is a critically limited resource.Rapid demographic,urban and economic development has significantly increased water demand,the particularly for drinking water supply and agriculture.Groundwater serves as the primary source of water in the Boumerdes Region,located in northern Algeria,Therefore evaluating groundwater quality for water supply and irrigation purposes is very crucial.In this study,49 groundwater samples were collected in 2021 and analyzed based on 17 physicochemical parameters.These results were processed using multivariate analysis and compared against the standards established by both the World Health Organization and Algerian Standards.The findings revealed that the concentrations of Sodium,Calcium,Magnesium,and Nitrate of some samples exceeded acceptable limits,indicating that physicochemical treatment is necessary before use for drinking water supply.For irrigation suitability,several indices were employed,including Sodium Adsorption Rate(SAR),Wilcox diagram,Magnesium Absorption Ratio(MAR),Residual Sodium Bicarbonate(RSB),Permeability Index(PI)and Stuyfzand Index.The results of these indices show that groundwater in the region generally meets irrigation standards with a low risk.However,the groundwater should still be managed carefully to prevent salinityrelated issues.This study highlights the current status of groundwater quality the Boumerdes region and offers important insights for the sustainable management of water resources in the area.展开更多
Upper cretaceous and lower tertiary formations groundwater aquifers are associated with huge reserves of oil shale deposits in Harrana and Azraq Basins are evaluated in terms of water qualities and hydrochemical proce...Upper cretaceous and lower tertiary formations groundwater aquifers are associated with huge reserves of oil shale deposits in Harrana and Azraq Basins are evaluated in terms of water qualities and hydrochemical processes. The oil shale deposits are found within the Muwaqqar Chalk Marl Formation. The Muwaqqar Chalk Marl Formation represents the intermediate formation between the Lower Aquifer Amman Silicified Limestone and the overburden, which represents the overlying Upper Aquifers of Um Rijam Chalk and Wadi Shallala Chalk. This study aimed to improve the understanding of Muwaqqar Chalk Marl Formation as a sealing potential based on water quality and hydrochemical data of the different aquifers. Sixty water samples were collected from Amman Silicified Limestone Aquifer, High Grade Zone of Muwaqqar Chalk Marl Formation and from the overburden of Um Rijam Chalk and Wadi Shallala Chalk aquifers. The evaluations of the main hydrochemical processes affecting the groundwater quality were carried out by interpreting the ionic relationships and the water quality types using Piper and Durov diagrams. Comprehensive statistical analyses (Factor and Cluster Analyses) were conducted on the water quality parameters. The factor analyses can extract four factors from the water quality parameters of the Harrana wells Area-1 and for Azraq wells in Area-2. These factors are used to interpret the different geochemical processes affecting the groundwater quality parameters. Cluster analyses divided the Harrana wells into three groups. Cluster I included 26 wells with minimum mean concentrations of cations and anions, while cluster III included the wells with the highest concentrations in the water quality parameters. Cluster II included eight wells with intermediate concentrations. Azraq Area-2 wells are clustered into three groups. Cluster I includes seven wells with lowest water quality (highest concentrations);cluster II includes 12 wells and exhibits the lowest concentrations of ions and cluster III includes five wells that show intermediate ions concentrations. The interpretation indicated that the primary factors controlling the groundwater chemistry of Azraq and Harrana appeared to be dissolution processes of the carbonate rocks containing traces of evaporitic minerals, ion exchange and reversal ion exchange processes. Moreover, the water quality in the study areas is not suitable for drinking purposes.展开更多
Mining activities interfere with the natural groundwater chemical environment,which may lead to hydrogeochemical changes of aquifers and mine water inrush disasters.This study analyzed the hydrochemical compositions o...Mining activities interfere with the natural groundwater chemical environment,which may lead to hydrogeochemical changes of aquifers and mine water inrush disasters.This study analyzed the hydrochemical compositions of 80 water samples in three aquifers and developed a water source identification model to explore the control factors and potential hydraulic connection of groundwater chemistry in a coal mine.The results showed that the hydrochemical types of the three aquifers were different.The main hydrochemical compositions of the loose-layer,coal-bearing,and limestone aquifers were HCO_(3)·Cl-Na,SO_(4)·HCO_(3)-Na,and SO_(4)-Na·Ca,respectively.The correlation,Unmix,and factor an-alyses showed that the hydrochemical composition of groundwater was controlled by the dissolution of soluble minerals(such as calcite,dolomite,gypsum,and halite)and the weathering of silicate minerals.The factor score plot combined with Q-mode cluster analysis demon-strated no remarkable hydraulic connection among the three aquifers in the study area.The water source identification model effectively identified the source of inrush water.Moreover,the mixing ratio model rationally quantified the contributions of the three aquifers to inrush water.展开更多
This paper applies the stochastic finite element method to analyse the statistics of stresses in earth dams and assess the safety and reliability of the dams. Formulations of the stochastic finite element method are b...This paper applies the stochastic finite element method to analyse the statistics of stresses in earth dams and assess the safety and reliability of the dams. Formulations of the stochastic finite element method are briefly reviewed and the procedure for assessing dam's strength and stability is described. As an example, a detailed analysis for an actual dam Nululin dam is performed. A practical method for studying built-dams based on the prototype observation data is described.展开更多
文摘In Algeria,water is a critically limited resource.Rapid demographic,urban and economic development has significantly increased water demand,the particularly for drinking water supply and agriculture.Groundwater serves as the primary source of water in the Boumerdes Region,located in northern Algeria,Therefore evaluating groundwater quality for water supply and irrigation purposes is very crucial.In this study,49 groundwater samples were collected in 2021 and analyzed based on 17 physicochemical parameters.These results were processed using multivariate analysis and compared against the standards established by both the World Health Organization and Algerian Standards.The findings revealed that the concentrations of Sodium,Calcium,Magnesium,and Nitrate of some samples exceeded acceptable limits,indicating that physicochemical treatment is necessary before use for drinking water supply.For irrigation suitability,several indices were employed,including Sodium Adsorption Rate(SAR),Wilcox diagram,Magnesium Absorption Ratio(MAR),Residual Sodium Bicarbonate(RSB),Permeability Index(PI)and Stuyfzand Index.The results of these indices show that groundwater in the region generally meets irrigation standards with a low risk.However,the groundwater should still be managed carefully to prevent salinityrelated issues.This study highlights the current status of groundwater quality the Boumerdes region and offers important insights for the sustainable management of water resources in the area.
文摘Upper cretaceous and lower tertiary formations groundwater aquifers are associated with huge reserves of oil shale deposits in Harrana and Azraq Basins are evaluated in terms of water qualities and hydrochemical processes. The oil shale deposits are found within the Muwaqqar Chalk Marl Formation. The Muwaqqar Chalk Marl Formation represents the intermediate formation between the Lower Aquifer Amman Silicified Limestone and the overburden, which represents the overlying Upper Aquifers of Um Rijam Chalk and Wadi Shallala Chalk. This study aimed to improve the understanding of Muwaqqar Chalk Marl Formation as a sealing potential based on water quality and hydrochemical data of the different aquifers. Sixty water samples were collected from Amman Silicified Limestone Aquifer, High Grade Zone of Muwaqqar Chalk Marl Formation and from the overburden of Um Rijam Chalk and Wadi Shallala Chalk aquifers. The evaluations of the main hydrochemical processes affecting the groundwater quality were carried out by interpreting the ionic relationships and the water quality types using Piper and Durov diagrams. Comprehensive statistical analyses (Factor and Cluster Analyses) were conducted on the water quality parameters. The factor analyses can extract four factors from the water quality parameters of the Harrana wells Area-1 and for Azraq wells in Area-2. These factors are used to interpret the different geochemical processes affecting the groundwater quality parameters. Cluster analyses divided the Harrana wells into three groups. Cluster I included 26 wells with minimum mean concentrations of cations and anions, while cluster III included the wells with the highest concentrations in the water quality parameters. Cluster II included eight wells with intermediate concentrations. Azraq Area-2 wells are clustered into three groups. Cluster I includes seven wells with lowest water quality (highest concentrations);cluster II includes 12 wells and exhibits the lowest concentrations of ions and cluster III includes five wells that show intermediate ions concentrations. The interpretation indicated that the primary factors controlling the groundwater chemistry of Azraq and Harrana appeared to be dissolution processes of the carbonate rocks containing traces of evaporitic minerals, ion exchange and reversal ion exchange processes. Moreover, the water quality in the study areas is not suitable for drinking purposes.
基金supported by the Natural Science Research Project of Universities in Anhui Province(Grants No.KJ2020ZD64 and KJ2020A0740)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2008085MD122)+3 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.LQ20D010009)the Key Program for Outstanding Young Talents in Higher Education Institutions of Anhui Province(Grant No.gxyqZD2021134)the Research Development Foundation of Suzhou University(Grant No.2021fzjj28)the Doctoral Scientific Reuter Foundation of Suzhou University(Grant No.2019jb15).
文摘Mining activities interfere with the natural groundwater chemical environment,which may lead to hydrogeochemical changes of aquifers and mine water inrush disasters.This study analyzed the hydrochemical compositions of 80 water samples in three aquifers and developed a water source identification model to explore the control factors and potential hydraulic connection of groundwater chemistry in a coal mine.The results showed that the hydrochemical types of the three aquifers were different.The main hydrochemical compositions of the loose-layer,coal-bearing,and limestone aquifers were HCO_(3)·Cl-Na,SO_(4)·HCO_(3)-Na,and SO_(4)-Na·Ca,respectively.The correlation,Unmix,and factor an-alyses showed that the hydrochemical composition of groundwater was controlled by the dissolution of soluble minerals(such as calcite,dolomite,gypsum,and halite)and the weathering of silicate minerals.The factor score plot combined with Q-mode cluster analysis demon-strated no remarkable hydraulic connection among the three aquifers in the study area.The water source identification model effectively identified the source of inrush water.Moreover,the mixing ratio model rationally quantified the contributions of the three aquifers to inrush water.
文摘This paper applies the stochastic finite element method to analyse the statistics of stresses in earth dams and assess the safety and reliability of the dams. Formulations of the stochastic finite element method are briefly reviewed and the procedure for assessing dam's strength and stability is described. As an example, a detailed analysis for an actual dam Nululin dam is performed. A practical method for studying built-dams based on the prototype observation data is described.
