Reassessing the Relationship Between Xu Jing in Wenxin Diaolong and Daoist Thought in Zhuangzi

This paper compares the concept of xu jing in Liu Xie’s Wenxin Diaolong with the ideas of xinzhai zuowang and xushi shengbai in Zhuangzi.It argues that xinzhai zuowang is Zhuangzi’s method for self-cultivation to attain the Dao,while xushi shengbai serves as the premise for the relationship between Liu Xie’s xu jing and Zhuangzi’s xinzhai zuowang.This study challenges the traditional view that Daoist thought is epistemological and that xu jing is merely methodological,suggesting that Liu Xie’s philosophical perspective is not inferior to that of Zhuangzi.By applying Zhuangzi’s concept of relativism,the paper proposes three levels of xu jing:artistic creation,anticipation of inspiration,and attaining the Dao.It asserts that Liu Xie’s xu jing can achieve the highest level of attaining the Dao and align with Zhuangzi’s philosophical essence.

Systemic evaluation and Meta-analysis of Wenxin Keli in treatment of idiopathic premature beats in randomized controlled trails

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Wenxin Keli for premature beats in structurally normal heart systematically.Methods:Eight databases at home and abroad were searched to collect randomized controlled trials of Wenxin Keli for premature beats without cardiac diseases.The included literatures were systematically evaluated with Cochrane Handbook 5.1 evaluation criteria and tools,and Meta analysis was performed with software RevMan5.3.Results:A total of 13 randomized controlled trials with 1278 subjects were included.The exprimental group used Wenxin Keli alone while the control group used antiarrhythmic medicine.The Meta analysis results showed that the total effective rate(RR=1.06,95%CI[0.97,1.16],P=0.23)and clinical symptom effective rate(RR=1.16,95%CI[0.94,1.44],P=0.18)of Wenxin Keli on idiopathic premature beats was not significantly different from western medicine group.The subgroup analysis of total effective rate showed that Wenxin Keli had no significant difference with metoprolol(RR=1.04,95%CI[0.95,1.15],P=0.41),bisoprolol(RR=1.32,95%CI[0.85,2.05],P=0.22)and propanone(RR=1.07,95%CI[0.90,1.26],P=0.44).ECG changes showed that the PR intervals(MD=-12.57,95%CI[-16.15,-8.99],P<0.00001)and QTc intervals(MD=-8.09,95%CI[-15.52,-0.65],P=0.03)in the western medicine group were prolonged significantly more than those of Wenxin Keli.In terms of safety,the incidence of adverse reactions of Wenxin Keli was significantly less than that of western medicine group(RR=0.32,95%CI[0.19,0.54],P<0.0001).Conclusion:The efficacy of Wenxin Keli in the treatment of premature beats with structurally normal heart is accurate,and there are no serious adverse reactions.However,because of the low quality of the included papers,which affected the reliability of the conclusions,high-quality clinical research is needed to further demonstrate.

Efficacy of Metoprolol Succinate Sustained Release Tablets Combined with Wenxin Granules in the Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease Arrhythmia

Objective:To explore the effect of metoprolol succinate sustained-release tablets combined with Wenxin Granules in the treatment of coronary heart disease patients with arrhythmia.Methods:The research objects were 50 patients with arrhythmia who were treated in our hospital from September 2019 to September 2020.According to different treatment methods,they were divided into observation group(Wenxin Granule+metoprolol succinate treatment)and control group(metoprolol succinate treatment),25 cases in each group.The curative effects of the two groups were compared.Results:After treatment,there was no significant difference in rnn50,RMSSD,sdnni and SDANN between the two groups(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,the SDNN in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05);Before treatment,there was no significant difference in the above indexes between the two groups(P>0.05);The effective rates of the observation group and the control group were 92.00%and 68.00%respectively,and the curative effect of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05);There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:In the treatment of patients with coronary heart disease and arrhythmia,Wenxin Granule Combined with metoprolol succinate sustained-release tablets has significant effect,which can effectively improve the dynamic electrocardiogram indexes of patients,improve the clinical efficacy,and has high safety.

Effect of Wenxin granule on Bcl-2/Bax/Caspase apoptosis pathway gene expression in rats with myocardial infarction

Objective:To explore the cardioprotective mechanism of Wenxin Granules regulating the expression of apoptosis-related genes in cardiomyocytes.Methods:A rat model of myocardial infarction was established and randomly divided into model group,Wenxin granule low-dose group,Wenxin granule high-dose group,metoprolol group and sham operation group.the left ventricular end systole anterior wall thickness(LVAWs),end systole inner diameter(LVIDs),end systole posterior wall thickness(LVPWs),end-diastolic anterior wall thickness(LVAWd),end-diastolic inner diameter(LVIDd),end-diastolic posterior wall thickness(LVPWd)and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)were detected by echocardiography in each group after 2 weeks of treatment.Hematoxylin eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the changes in the cardiac structure of rats in each group.Real-time PCR(Real-time PCR)was used to detect the relative expression of mammalian B-cell lymphoma-2(BCL-2),BCL-2 related X protein(BAX),Caspase-9(Caspase-9),and Caspase-3(Caspase-3)mRNA.TUNEL staining was used to detect changes in the apoptotic rate of rat cardiomyocytes in each group.Results:Compared with the sham operation group,the LVAWs,LVPWs,LVPWd and LVEF of the model group were significantly reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01),and LVIDs and LVIDd were significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Severe pathological ischemia injury of heart tissue.The relative expression of BCL-2 mRNA and the ratio of BCL-2/BAX in the model group were significantly reduced(P<0.01),while the relative expression of BAX,Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 mRNA was significantly increased(P<0.01).The apoptosis rate was significantly increased(P<0.01).In the low-dose and high-dose groups of Wenxin Granules and the Metoprolol group,LVAWs,LVPWs,LVPW d,and LVEF of rats in each administration group increased significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01),LVIDs,LVIDd was significantly reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01),the pathological damage of the heart tissue was improved,the expression of BCL-2 mRNA and the ratio of BCL-2/BAX were significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),BAX,The expression of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 mRNA was significantly reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the apoptotic rate of myocardial cells was significantly reduced(P<0.01).Conclusion:Wenxin granule can play a cardioprotective role by regulating the gene expression of BCL-2/BAX/Caspase apoptosis pathway.

Dissecting the underlying pharmaceutical mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine Wenxin Keli acting on atrial fibrillation through network pharmacology

As a well-known Chinese medicine prescription, Wenxin Keli (WXKL) has been widely used in the treatment of many arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation and has achieved significant clinical effects, but the specific mechanism of its treatment of atrial fibrillation remains unclear. This study used a network pharmacology approach to reveal the potential molecular mechanisms of WXKL in the treatment of atrial fibrillation. It involves oral bioavailability screening of ingredients, drug-likeness evaluation, compound target fishing, H-C-T network and C-T-P network construction and analysis. Through the network pharmacology-based research strategy, the complex system of WXKL was analyzed. It was found that 14 representative compounds of WXKL, 30 protein targets and 12 related signaling pathways help us systematically understand the underlying mechanism of WXKL’s anti-atrial fibrillation effects.

Translator's Identity in the English Translation of Wenxin Diaolong

In the article Owen’s and Yang Guobin’s English versions of Wenxin Diaolong are compared from the perspective of a translator’s identity.Owen is a translator of A-merican origin while Yang Guobin is of Chinese origin.Their multiple identity as a reader,author,creator and cultural communicator differs much from each other,which produces important influences upon the selection of the strategy of translation.Owen prefers foreignizing translation while Yang favors domesticating translation.The English translation of Wenxin Diaolong provides much value for the research on the translation of Chinese classic literature.

Wenxin granule for cardiac arrhythmia: an overview of systematic reviews

Objectives: Evaluating the quality of systematic reviews/meta-analysis of Wenxin granule in treating cardiac arrhythmia to provide evidence for clinical practice, and analyzing the problems in the research to identify potential research priorities for researchers. Method: The systematic reviews of Wenxin granule in treating cardiac arrhythmia were searched from 8 databases. The methodological quality and evidence quality were assessed by AMSTAR and GRADE respectively. Results: Nineteen eligible systematic reviews with 52,905 participants were included. The overall scores of AMSTAR ranged from 3 to 10 with a mean score of 6.5, the median score was 6. There were 9 (9/19, 47.37%) systematic reviews had the score of 7 or more. 6 of them with appropriate information were assessed the quality of evidence by GRADE. The results showed that the overall quality of evidence was limited (range from “very low” to “low”), no “moderate” or “high” quality of evidence existed. For the outcome reporting, no systematic reviews reported endpoints and limited evidence showed that there is causality between Wenxin granule and adverse effects/events. The outcome matrix showed that there are obvious heterogeneity and incompleteness for the outcome reporting in included systematic reviews, so that some included studies cannot be conducted meta-analysis. Meanwhile, there were studies excluded because of inappropriate outcome measures, such as outcome measures did not meet inclusion criteria, treatment time did not meet inclusion criteria, treatment time was unclear, incomplete data or the data cannot be extracted. Conclusions: Wenxin granule have limited efficacy and safety for treating arrhythmia. In the future, high quality of RCTs and systematic reviews should be conducted. Core outcome set for cardiac arrhythmia is needed to improve outcome reporting and decrease waste.

《文心雕龙》英译中的读者意识——以宇文所安英译本为例

读者不是译文的消极消费者,而是译文意义的能动建构者。读者意识是译者以读者视角观照翻译、使翻译行为围绕读者中心逐步向前推进的心理机制。宇文所安的读者意识体现在内容导向、沟通途径、主流诗学和读者接受四个方面,表现为材料选择的贴近意识、思想交流的贴心意识、表达习惯的贴合意识、服务读者的体贴意识。得益于读者意识,宇文所安充分履行了译者的职责,妥善处理了译者、作者和读者的三方关系,促进了《文心雕龙》在英语世界的接受与传播。中国文论要走向世界,译者的翻译能力是前提与基础,而读者意识是确保译者翻译能力得到充分展示的思想保证。读者意识有助于译文走进读者的心灵世界,有利于译文在译入语文化语境的进一步传播。

《文心雕龙》英译的外显化策略分析

本文基于自建汉英平行语料库,对《文心雕龙》宇文所安译本和施友忠译本的外显化特征进行定量和定性相结合的研究。通过提取威氏拼音和词汇、句法层面的参数发现:两个英译本总体呈现外显化特征,主要体现在译文的语言及诗学形式、词句意义和文化语境等方面,背后的非文本原因可归于翻译意图、文化立场和意识形态等因素。两位译者的外显化翻译使译文指涉更加明确,语境更加清晰,意义更易理解,原著的文论思想、美学精神和文化内涵得到充分阐释。外显化翻译在信息补偿、话语建构和文论互动方面具有一定价值,表明其作为中国古代文论的指导性翻译策略具有可能性和可行性。

刘勰古典主义思想的跨语际之辨

国内外学者对刘勰古典主义者这一身份标签的界定莫衷一是。为此,将刘勰古典主义者文化身份问题置于海外汉学视域下加以整体观照,通过中西文论的双向阐释,对刘勰古典主义思想中的“文用之辨”“古今之辨”和“奇正之辨”深入剖析,辨驳海外汉学视域中有关“刘勰是不彻底的古典主义者”“刘勰的古典主义是一种文学退化历史观”以及“刘勰对待《楚辞》的态度偏离儒家正统文学观”等观点。在中西文论的互通与互识之中,解构刘勰古典主义者的文化身份,为系统识解刘勰古典主义思想的内在机理、促进中西文论的生成性比较与对话提供借鉴。

论《文心雕龙·乐府》的“典乐”精神

纵观《文心雕龙·乐府》,刘勰始终强调乐府艺术的“典乐”文化之源,结合“典乐”文化及其核心精神阐释分析政治更迭、地域文化、审美尺度对乐府艺术的深刻影响。“典乐”仪式本质上是诗乐艺术致用于政治的文化形态,政治集团通过对艺术表现形式及其思想内涵的节度,规范行为,感化人心。汉乐府专于模拟、因袭秦制,是对“典乐”文化尺度的主动放弃,这是造成“中和”之响后世难复的重要原因。乐府艺术既遗失了和正的宫廷大乐,也丧失了风雅歌诗,自此“和乐”淡出宫廷,这是“典乐”艺术的遗憾,更是深重的文化遗憾。因此,《乐府》本质上考察的不是关于乐府的一般性艺术问题,而是探讨乐府艺术如何被政治造就、为文化塑形,又是如何与时政沉浮变迁的发展进程。刘勰对乐府艺术的品评也是全面涉及乐制恢复、机构建立、文化继承、曲调、诗文等问题的综合考察。与其说《乐府》体现了刘勰复古的艺术观念,毋宁说刘勰更关切的是乐府艺术的文化复正问题。刘勰认为雅正、典范是乐府艺术的正途,继承“典乐”精神是后世雅正艺术的景行,这正是《乐府》全篇更多聚焦乐府祭祀乐歌的主要原因。

《文心雕龙》立体与史籍文献

《文心雕龙》文体话语与史书的关系是学界较忽略的研究领域。刘勰从浩瀚史书中发掘材料,融合史书材料创立了许多新体,他依托《尚书》《史记·封禅书》《史记·秦始皇本纪》等创立“封禅”体;依托《史记·滑稽列传》《汉书·东方朔传》等创立“谐”“[言隐]”体;依托史书策试贤良文学的本事和文本创立“对策”体;依托人物传记“士不遇”本事和文本创立“对问”体。史籍为其立体提供了文化学史料和文本材料支撑,史家正统立场渗入其文体观念建构中。探究刘勰立体与史书关系,可以更好地揭示《文心雕龙》文体话语生成的内在机制。

黄侃在北京大学如何讲授《文心雕龙》——对《黄侃〈文心雕龙札记〉考原》一文论证前提的思考

《黄侃〈文心雕龙札记〉考原》一文以范文澜《文心雕龙讲疏》对黄侃《文心雕龙札记》的征引为前提,判断黄侃在北大“词章学”课堂讲授《文心雕龙》的篇目内容以及授课讲义的编撰情况。由于这一前提并不可靠,故所得结论亦难令人信服。其实,范文澜撰写《讲疏》时已拥有黄侃讲授《文心雕龙》的全部讲义,而“词章学”课程的教学内容以文章作法为主,并非无所不包。黄侃在北大讲授《文心雕龙》有前后期之分,前期主要是在“词章学”课堂讲授创作论部分的篇目,后期则在“中国文学概论”课堂重点讲授总论部分的篇目,至于文体论几篇,通常作为讲授创作论和总论时的例证,贯穿于前后期,用以配合串讲。

刘勰有机观的跨语际阐释及其辨正

《文心雕龙》体大思精,举世无两。它之所以具有世界性意义,主要源自其综合全面的文学体系和话语逻辑,而这与刘勰所秉持的有机观密切相关。由于西方传统一向对系统诗学评价甚高,自20世纪中叶起,海外汉学研究者已开始关注刘勰有机观的各个向度,由此产生的跨语际阐释也已进入西方的中国文学批评研究领域。本文从这一领域入手,逐一检视刘勰有机观四个向度的跨语际阐释,识解汉学研究中“重构”的理论价值,并对其中的“误读”加以辨正。研究发现,刘勰有机观在海外传播和研读的过程中所产生的“重构”与“误读”,一方面为本土与西方提供了相视对话的学术空间,另一方面也激发了本土龙学和文论研究者反思中国传统文论的现代价值,以及实现其现代转型的文化自觉。

《文心雕龙》格式塔意象翻译研究——以施友忠英译本为例

《文心雕龙》格式塔意象在构建和传达文学理论方面发挥着重要作用,它们来源于作者认知世界中的意义载体或心理映射,与英文格式塔意象存在着巨大差异。如何再造译文格式塔意象是译者无法推卸的责任。施友忠分别采用等效移用、变异增益、融通新创的翻译策略建构译文格式塔意象,而支撑这些翻译策略的是译者认知、读者认知和混合认知三种翻译路径。三种翻译路径作为文论逻辑建构的网络节点,充当了认知开关的按钮,激发了读者关于意象的语义联想,疏通了读者关于文论思想的解读通道,拓展了译文可理解和接受的空间,也为《文心雕龙》在异域文化语境的传播与接受打下了坚实的基础。

“以兵为喻”与《文心雕龙》批评话语的生成

在中国古代文艺理论批评史上,“以兵为喻”是一种独特的言说方式与批评范式。军事理论与文艺理论间的相似性、相通性,奠定了文艺理论批评“以兵为喻”的学理基础。古代思想家、理论家文武兼修、道器并进的知识结构,为文艺理论批评“以兵为喻”提供了丰富的话语资源。《文心雕龙》作为中国古代文艺理论象喻批评的典范之作,在“以兵为喻”范式的运用上,无论是取譬的广度、阐释的深度,抑或使用的频率,均达到了前所未有的水平。举凡兵形、兵势、兵器,以及阵法、士气等军事元素,皆被刘勰援以论文。“以兵为喻”由此成为中国古代文艺理论话语生成的重要路径。

如乐之和:《文心雕龙》的“以乐舞为喻”批评范式

在中国古代文学批评史上,注重节奏、崇尚和谐是一脉相承、一以贯之的审美追求,它往往通过“以乐舞为喻”的象喻批评范式来呈现。华夏民族诗乐舞合一的艺术传统,是“以乐舞为喻”批评范式的学理依据。春秋以讫魏晋礼乐崩坏所带来的诗乐舞分殊,则为“以乐舞为喻”批评范式提供了必要的逻辑前提。《文心雕龙》作为古代文学理论象喻批评的典范之作,对于“以乐舞为喻”批评范式的运用达到了前所未有的水平。刘勰取譬乐舞以论文,打破了艺术门类之间固有的藩篱,实现了不同知识域的经验互通与话语共享,大大拓展了文学批评的言说空间。

文化主体性与生成式人工智能的价值导向干预

生成式人工智能通过对海量互联网数据的深度学习来生产信息,不可避免地带有数据提供主体所在时空的文化观念,因此,其生成的内容具有时空上的局限性和动态演化的特征。以大型语言模型ChatGPT和文心一言为比较研究对象,通过对真实的种族争议案例进行内容生成测试实验,从文化主体性角度探讨基于不同时空语料的生成式人工智能平台的价值观差异。结果表明,基于中文训练的文心一言语言模型并未展示出与ChatGPT明显区分的当代中国公众所持有的文化主体意识。该现象与自21世纪初开始积累的中文互联网语料的文化主体性时间演化特征相关。据此提出,通过对语言模型语料库进行时间轴加权或复制训练以调整“时空折叠”,能够对生成式人工智能平台的价值观导向进行干预。

应用大语言模型解答儿童哮喘问题的效果研究

目的评估大语言模型解答儿童哮喘问题的表现,全面了解其提供儿童健康相关信息的质量,并识别其局限以促进模型的改进。方法制订出60个儿童哮喘相关的常见问题,分别向2种在国内向公众开放使用的文心一言、智谱清言大语言模型提问。由3名儿科哮喘专业医师采用盲法评估大语言模型的回答质量。结果在准确性、理解力、可靠性和逻辑性维度方面,文心一言得分较高;在安全性维度方面,智谱清言的得分较高。对比5个不同的维度的得分发现,大语言模型在理解力、可靠性、逻辑性方面得分较高,而在准确性与安全性方面相对不足。结论大语言模型在儿童哮喘患者教育中的应用能够为儿童哮喘患者及其家长提供有益的参考。然而,当前大语言模型技术在准确性、安全性等方面仍存在一定的局限性,需要进一步改进和优化。

稳心颗粒联合胺碘酮治疗心力衰竭并发室性心律失常有效性及安全性的Meta分析

目的:系统评价稳心颗粒结合胺碘酮治疗心力衰竭并发室性心律失常的疗效与安全性。方法:计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)、维普网(VIP)、万方、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、PubMed、Web of Science和the Cochrane Library等数据库,检索有关稳心颗粒联合胺碘酮治疗心力衰竭并发室性心律失常的随机对照试验(RCT)。由2名研究者分别对文献进行筛选、提取数据和评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采取RevMan 5.3及R语言统计软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入18项研究,涉及1 527例病人。Meta分析结果显示,稳心颗粒联合胺碘酮治疗心力衰竭并发室性心律失常,在提高临床总有效率[RR=1.19,95%CI(1.14,1.25),P<0.000 1]、减少室性期前收缩次数[SMD=-2.42,95%CI(-4.66,-0.18),P=0.03]、稳定心率[SMD=-1.66,95%CI(-1.94,-1.37),P<0.000 1]、增加左室射血分数[SMD=1.57,95%CI(0.54,2.61),P=0.003]均优于单独使用胺碘酮,且不良反应发生率低于单独使用胺碘酮[RR=0.59,95%CI(0.43,0.80),P=0.000 8]。结论:现有证据表明,稳心颗粒联合胺碘酮在治疗心力衰竭并发室性心律失常,能够明显提高临床疗效、LVEF,且不良反应更少,安全性较好。