Geothermal Model of the Fore-Yenisey Sedimentary Basin——Transitional Structure between the Ancient Siberian Platform and the Young West Siberian Plate

Results of the investigation into the geothermal regime of the Fore-Yenisey sedimentary basin, formed during the collision and subsidence of the Kas-Turukhan microcontinent and the western margin of the Siberian craton in the late Neoproterozoic and early Paleozoic are reported. It was established that the structural and geothermal conditions of the upper Precambrian–Paleozoic sections are similar to those in the western regions of the Siberian platform and are characterized by rather low geothermal gradients(12.5–25.5 ℃/km). In the western parts of the basin, formation temperatures in the uppermost pre-Jurassic sediments are 50℃–85℃, decreasing eastward to 30℃–55℃. For the first time, the detailed geothermal model of the basin sedimentary fill was developed. This model allows predictions of the geothermal conditions of Earth’s interior.

Equilibrium modeling of water-gas systems in Jurassic–Cretaceous reservoirs of the Arctic petroleum province, northern West Siberia

To reveal the equilibrium state of oil and gas and water in a petroliferous basin with a high content of saline water, calculations of water-gas equilibrium were carried out, using a new simulation method, for the Arctic territories of the West Siberian oil and gas bearing province. The water-bearing layers in this area vary widely in gas saturation and have gas saturation coefficients(C;) from 0.2 to 1.0. The gas saturation coefficient increases with depth and total gas saturation of the formation water. All the water layers with gas saturation bigger than 1.8 L/L have the critical gas saturation coefficient value of 1.0, which creates favorable conditions for the accumulation of hydrocarbons;and unsaturated formation water can dissolve gas in the existent pool. The gas saturation coefficient of formation water is related to the type of fluid in the reservoir. Condensate gas fields have gas saturation coefficients from 0.8 to 1.0, while oil reservoirs have lower gas saturation coefficient. Complex gas-water exchange patterns indicate that gas in the Jurassic–Cretaceous reservoirs of the study area is complex in origin.

Geological Structure and Historical Development of Pre-Jurrasic Basement of West Siberia Oil- and Gas-Bearing Megabasin Karabash Zone

An additional comprehensive study of the west Siberia Karabash zone basement has been conducted. Core samples from more than 300 wells that opened the rocks of the basement were analyzed by different methods. A new map of the pre-Jurassic basement of Karabash zone of the west part of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (KhMAO) has been made. For the first time for the West Siberia megabasin U-Pb dating was made for samples from Shaim-Kuznetsovsk meganticlinorium and late to middle Devonian ages were obtained. The Devonian ages was obtained for metamorphic complexes of the region and, in general, for the basement of West Siberia. The complexes considered as Precambrian before that. The obtained results enable significantly to clarify more exact history of pre-Jurassic rock forming for the basement of the west part of West Siberia craton and its structure in the limits of Karabash zone. Thus, obtained data testify that in pre-Jurassic basement of the west part of the West Siberia (Karabash zone), filling grabens basalt effusion began during Permian time (probably at the end of early Permian) at sublatitudinal compression, that is, at collision, possibly immediately after or subsynchronously with the origin of the granite. On the edge of Permian and Triassic (or in early Triassic), sublatitudinal compression changed into stretching, and submeridional grabens came to existence and basalt effusion came up to the maximum.

Lithologic and Petrographic Characteristics of Vend-Palaeozoic Sediments of the Southeast of West Siberia

Parametrical borehole Vostok-3 was drilled in southern part of Predyenisey oil-and-gas bearing area. The unique section of Upper Vendian and Lower Cambrian for West Siberia was discovered there. Researches were devoted to discover the characteristics of influence of sedimentary environments and to reveal optimum of them on creation of porous space in rocks.The carbonates of

PECULIARITIES OF METALLOGENY OF SOUTH SIBERIA AND WEST MONGOLIA DIWA REGIONS

There are three diwa regions in South Siberia and West Mongolia. One of them is arranged in West Transbaikalia and was formed from Devonian till Carboniferous periods. Numerous deposits of tungsten , tin, molybdenum, REE, synnyrites, urtites are genetically linked with intrusive rocks. The next diwa region is arranged in North Mongolia and South Buryatia. This diwa region was formed in the Late Paleozoic time. The deposits of molybdenum, tungsten, boron, iron, copper, beryllium are genetically linked with magmatic rocks of this region. The third region was formed in Devonian in West Mongollia. The magmatic rocks of this region are represented by alkaline granitoids. Some deposits of REE and rare metals are linked with these rocks.

The Holocene environmental changes revealed from the sediments of the Yarkov sub-basin of Lake Chany,south-western Siberia

Lake Chany is the largest endorheic lake in Siberia whose catchment is entirely on the territory of Russia.Its geographical location on the climate-sensitive boundary of wet and dry landscapes provides an opportunity to gain more knowledge about environmental changes in the West Siberian interior during the Holocene and about the evolution of the lake itself.Sediment cores obtained from the Yarkov subbasin of the lake in 2008 have been comprehensively studied by a number of approaches including sedimentology and AMS dating,pollen,diatom and chironomid analyses(with statistical interpretation of the results),mineralogy of authigenic minerals and geochemistry of plant lipids(biomarker analysis.).Synthesis of new results presented here and published data provides a good justification for our hypothesis that Lake Chany is very young,no older than 3.6 ka BP.Before that,between 9 and 3.6 ka BP,the Chany basin was a swampy landscape with a very low sedimentation rate;it could not be identified as a water body.In the early lake phase,between 3.6 and 1.5 ka BP,the lake was shallow,1.2–3.5 m in depth,and it rose to its modern size,up to 6.5 m in depth,during the last millennium.Our data reveal important changes in the understanding of the history of this large endorheic lake,as before it was envisioned as a large lake with significant changes in water level since ca.14 ka BP.In addition to hydrology,our proxies provide updates and details of the regional vegetation and climate change since ca.4 ka BP in the WestSiberian forest-steppe and steppe.As evolution of the Chany basin is dependent on hydroclimatic changes in a large region of southern West Siberia,we compare lake-level change and climate-change proxies from the other recently and most comprehensively studied lakes of the region.

俄罗斯西西伯利亚盆地托木斯克州X区块储层测井解释评价研究

西西伯利亚盆地属中、新生代年轻地台,属中、新生代年轻地台。盆地发育中下侏罗统、上侏罗统、下白垩统和上白垩统四套含油气组合。X区块构造位置位于亚历山大隆起带特拉伊戈罗中型长垣的西南斜坡上。目前已发现的油藏有白垩系的Б9油藏、侏罗系的Ю_(1-1)、Ю_(1-2)、Ю_(1-3)和上古生代М背斜构造和构造层状油藏。储层主要为砂岩和碳酸盐岩储层。通过开展测井解释工作,主要应用自然伽马(GR)曲线法进行泥质含量(Vsh)计算,没有GR曲线的井则选用自然电位曲线计算。利用俄方提供的自然电位曲线计算模型进行有效孔隙度(PHIE)计算。采用俄方通常采用的可动孔隙度法确定有效孔隙度下限值。利用自然电位幅度与电阻率两参数建立X区块各层位油水层解释标准图版。利用X区块建立的测井参数解释模型,中方完成21口井测井处理解释评价工作。总体来看,中方与俄方在有效厚度、孔隙度相差不大,含油饱和度俄方解释为55.7%,中方为50.5%,低于俄方。上述研究成果建立了X区块有效储层的测井解释模型识别方法,为进一步开展X区块储层测井综合评价提供了较为可靠的依据。

生物气分布特征和成藏条件

生物气储量占世界天然气储量的20%以上,产量占天然气产量的10%以上,因此,生物气是一种重要类型的天然气资源。由于生物气气田(藏)具有分布广、埋藏浅、勘探开发成本低、资源量大、便于利用等特点,正日益引起世界各国的重视。生物气区别于热成因气,它的生成和分布有其自身独特的特征:盆地具有有利的生成条件(Ⅱ-Ⅲ型干酪根、寒冷的气候条件、还原环境、中性水介质条件和较快沉积速度等);盆地类型以年轻的坳陷型陆相沉积盆地为主,并且盖层稳定发育,后期构造稳定;气聚集在生气坳陷中心或邻近中心的隆起、早期圈闭及同沉积圈闭中。在前人研究的基础上,主要以西西伯利亚盆地和柴达木盆地东部为典型实例,总结了世界上生物气田(藏)的分布特征和成藏地质条件,期望对我国生物气勘探有指导意义。

鄂尔多斯盆地与国外相似盆地对比及其中生界石油储量预测

选取3个国外克拉通盆地,即西西伯利亚盆地、巴黎盆地和伊利诺斯盆地,与鄂尔多斯盆地进行对比。鄂尔多斯盆地作为发育在坳拉谷基底之上的克拉通盆地,具有含丰富油气资源量的地质基础。鄂尔多斯盆地为中生代陆相沉积,其烃源岩的分布相对于整个盆地较为局限,圈闭类型较为复杂多样,除此之外的其他地质因素均比较相似。根据盆地对比估算得到鄂尔多斯盆地中生界的探明石油储量为17.21×108t(据西西伯利亚盆地)、22.67×108t(据巴黎盆地)和24.40×108t(据伊利诺斯盆地),表明鄂尔多斯盆地中生界具有很大的资源潜力和勘探前景。

Analysis of the Role Played by Circulation in the Persistent Precipitation over South China in June 2010

South China （SC） experienced persistent heavy rain in June 2010. The climatic anomalies and related mechanism are analyzed in this study. Results show that the large-scale circulation pattern favorable for precipitation was maintained. In the upper level, the South Asian High and westerly jet stream provided a divergent circulation over SC. In the middle and low levels, an anomalous strong subtropical high （STH） extended to the South China Sea. The southwesterly monsoon flow along the northwest flank of the STH transported abundant water vapor from the western North Pacific, the Bay of Bengal, and the South China Sea to SC. The precipitation can be classified into two types： the West Siberia low （WSL）-induced low-level cyclone mode, and the STH-induced low-level jet mode. STH and WSL indices are defined to estimate the influence of these two systems, respectively. Analysis shows that both are critical for precipitation, but their respective contributions differ from year to year. In 2010, both were important factors for the heavy rainfall in June.

二战后苏联西西伯利亚的油气开发与劳动力迁移

西西伯利亚油气综合体的发展以二战后苏联对西伯利亚和远东地区的大开发为背景。通过油气开发,西西伯利亚不仅在苏联油气工业中占据了重要的地位,而且极大地推动了苏联东部地区的社会发展。西西伯利亚北部地区的劳动力迁移受惠于油气开发。西西伯利亚油气开发是为了满足苏联冷战的需要,军事、民用部门的发展存在着"反差",劳动力迁移受到生活基础设施发展滞后等因素的制约。

中俄“新—西”区域合作的区位分析及对策研究

积极开展国际间的区域经济合作是地区经济发展的一个新趋势,也是我国对外开放的重要组成部分。中国新疆与俄罗斯西西伯利亚地区地理位置毗连,广泛开展双方的地区间经济合作,不仅有利于促进中俄共同繁荣与发展,而且有利于巩固本地区乃至中亚的安全与稳定。两地区均远离各自国家的经济和政治中心,属于较为落后的内陆地区,在边界特征、相邻经济体方面具有特殊性,且在政治制度、经济体制和产业结构上存在较大的差异性,经济互补性强。基于此,双方应通过边境区位再造、改善区位条件,并采取灵活松散的、开放性的和以项目合作为主要内容的次区域合作方式。经过分析,认为具有独特地域经济特点的新—西区域合作应由国家和地方政府、国际和地区组织共同推动,并充分考虑本地差异性较强的实际,采取跨境旅游休闲型经济特区、境外经济合作区、科技园区等多样化的发展方式,促进新—西地区社会经济发展。

浅析中国新疆与俄罗斯西西伯利亚跨境旅游业合作的可行性

跨境旅游资源的原生态性较好,资源空间分布具有不连续性,所以拥有与众不同的竞争力。新-西区域旅游资源极其丰富,二者既有共性也具差异性,符合跨境旅游开发的条件。文章旨在研究如何在此地建立跨境旅游休闲型经济特区,设计具有差异性的特色线路,进行跨境旅游的合作开发,打造"一区跨两国"国内游与出境游,扩大旅游地范围,促进本地旅游业的发展,并形成新的经济增长点,带动区域经济的发展。

战时合作中美苏阿拉斯加-西伯利亚空中走廊研究

二战期间,美苏建立阿拉斯加-西伯利亚空中走廊,对苏德战争及世界反法西斯战争的胜利功不可没。美苏虽在建立该通道的酝酿过程中合作与分歧并存,但该计划最终仍得以实施。这条空中航线克服严峻自然环境挑战,兼具军机运输通道和外交通道的双重价值。阿西空廊囿于美苏矛盾的不断升级而中止。阿西空廊计划的实施促进了美苏两国的战时合作,既是二战史中具有重要意义的事件,也是美苏两国战时外交策略的折射。

俄罗斯西西伯利亚油气开采区社会经济问题分析

世界经济的发展对石油和天然气的需求不断加大,这也使提高产地产量和开发新产地成为油气开采区的主要发展方向。西西伯利亚是俄罗斯最主要的产油区,随着西西伯利亚油气产区各类经济活动的全面开展,当地居民的生活水平也发生了巨大变化。但是,油气资源的不可再生性,也要求当局在进行资源开采的同时,考虑在产量下降乃至枯竭时可能引发的经济和社会后果。

伊犁地区汛期一次强降水天气分析

2005年5月25～28日由西西伯利亚低槽引起的全区范围的大降水,个别地区出现的强对流天气给我区农牧业、工业生产造成了重大损失。本文从天气学动力学角度对这次连阴雨降水天气进行了分析,归结出伊犁河谷大降水预报的某些着眼点。

西西伯利亚盆地北极油气区侏罗系-白垩系储集层气-水系统平衡模拟

为揭示盐水含量较高的含油气盆地中油气和地下水之间的相平衡,采用新的气-水平衡模拟软件对西西伯利亚盆地北极含油气区进行模拟。研究发现,该区域地层水的含气饱和度(Sg)变化较大,饱和系数(Cs)为0.2~1.0,其数值随深度及地层水总含气饱和度的增加而增大。地层水Sg大于1.8 L/L的情况下,气体饱和系数(Cs)均达到临界值1.0,为油气成藏创造了有利条件;而欠饱和水可溶解现有油气藏中的天然气。地层水气体饱和系数与储集层流体类型有关,凝析油气田的气体饱和系数主要为0.8~1.0,而在常规油藏中却相对较低。复杂的气水交换模式表明研究区侏罗系—白垩系储集层中天然气来源具有多样性。

西西伯利亚地台东南部古生界油气田成因与结构

介绍了在西西伯利亚古生界寻找油气的简单历史，研究了形成优质储集层带和在其中形成油气藏的构造、岩性和物理化学等因素，建立了油气田的地质模型并对模型进行了描述。已查明该区古生界油气储集层主体位于侵蚀构造的高部位，无论是层状油气藏还是块状油气藏都具有岩性、构造和毛细管遮挡的复杂组合。古生界中的油气藏分布在志留系至下石炭统的范围内。

西西伯利亚巨型含油气盆地中生界有机质的破坏因素

西西伯利亚巨型含油气盆地侏罗系有机质的成熟度取决于地层的埋深和这一时期它所经受的最高温度。沉积盖层中的温度分布与古生代基底局部断块的褶皱时代、深大断裂的形成时间,以及岩浆岩的成分、侵入时间有关。这些控制着温度场和西西伯利亚沉积盖层中有机质成熟度的因素是全球性的。划分出了3种基本的断块类型,它们与根据基底固结时代而划分的构造区划相对应。第1类断块与贝加尔褶皱带的断块相一致;第2类断块与海西运动期、加里东运动期的断块相一致;第3类断块为巨型盆地基底中的三叠纪裂谷,大型花岗岩体、某些流体输导断裂与此相一致。