Petrogenesis of Mesozoic High-Mg Diorites in Western Shandong: Evidence from Chronology and Petro-geochemistry

The high-Mg diorites, widely occurring in western Shandong, have important implications in the study of the relationship between the Mesozoic magmatism and the nature of the lithosphere and its thinning period in the eastern North China craton （NCC）. The Tietonggou and Jinling intrusions are typically representatives. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating, major and trace element and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of the Mesozoic intrusive rocks from western Shandong, eastern China, were analyzed. The weighted mean 106^pb/ 238^U ages from LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results for early norite-diorite, late pyroxene-diorite from the Tietonggou intrusion and biotite-diorite from the Jinling intrusion are （131.4±4.9） Ma（n=15）, （134. 5±2.3） Ma（n=13）, and （132.8±4. 2） Ma（n=12）, respectively, implying that they were formed in the Early Cretaceous. The weighted mean 207^pb/ 204^Pb ages for round zircons from late pyroxene-diorite in the Tietonggou intrusion is （ 2 513 ± 54） Ma（ n= 8）, suggesting that the basement of the North China craton should exist in the research area. The high-Mg diorites are characterized by enrichment in MgO, Na20, and light rare earth elements （LREE）, and they are poor in heavy rare earth elements （HREE） and high field strength elements （HFSE）, being similar to adakite. The existence of the mantle peridotite xenoliths with a high-Mg feature for these intrusive rocks implies that their primary magma should be derived from the upper mantle. However, Sr-Nd isotopic composi- tions （Is： 0.704 75--0.707 15;ENd （130 Ma） values： --3.95 to -- 13.30）, depletion in HFSE, and the occurrence of Archean inherited zircons suggest that crustal materials could be involved in the derivation of the primary magma. The compositional difference between the diorites from the Tietonggou and Jinling intrusions could be attributed to those of magma sources and degrees of partial melting. The Early Cretaceous high-Mg diorites are considered to have been formed by the mixed melting of the delaminated lithosphere （lithospheric mantle ＋ crust） and asthenosphere, based on their geochemistry, the mantlederived xenoliths, and the Early Mesozoic lithospheric evolutionary history of the eastern North China craton.

Evolution, Migration, Controlling Factors and Forming Setting of Mesozoic Basins in Western Shandong

The distinctive topography in western Shandong province consists of several NW-WNW-trending mountain ranges and intervening basins. Basins, in which late-stage sediments to the south have progressively overlapped the earlier sediments and ＂basement＂ rocks of the hanging-wall block, are bounded by S-SW-dipping normal faults to the north. Basin analysis reveals the Jurassic-Cretaceous sedimentary rocks accumulated both within the area of crustal extension and during extensional deformation; they contain a record of a sequence of tectonic events during stretching and can be divided into four tectonic-sequence episodes. These basins were initially developed as early as ca. 200 Ma in the northern part of the study area, extending dominantly N-S from the Early Jurassic until the Late Cretaceous. Although with a brief hiatus due to changes in stress field, to keep uniform N-S extensional polarity in such a long time as 130 Ma requires a relatively stable tectonic controlling factor responsible for the NW- and E-W-extensional basins. The formation of the extensional basins is partly concurrent with regional magmatism, but preceded magmatism by 40 Ma. This precludes a genetic link between local magmatism and extension during the Mesozoic. Based on integrated studies of basins and deformation, we consider that the gravitational collapse of the early overthickened continental crust may be the main tectonic driver for the Mesozoic extensional basins. From the Early Jurassic, dramatic reduction in north-south horizontal compressive stress made the western Shandong deformation belt switch from a state of failure under shortening to one dominated by extension and the belt gravitationally collapsed and horizontally spread to the south until equilibrium was established; synchronously, the normal faults and basins were developed based on the model of simple-shear extensional deformation. This may be relative to the gravitational collapse of the Mesozoic plateau in eastern China.

SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb Dating of the Tongshi Magmatic Complex in Western Shandong and Its Geological Implications

The SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating result of the Tongshi magmatic complex in western Shandong is presented in this paper. The Tongshi magmatic complex comprises fine-grained porphyritic diorite and syenitic porphyry. Eighteen analyses for fine-grained porphyritic diorite gave two concordia ages, in which ten analyses constitute the young age group, giving ^206Pb/^238U ages ranging from 167.9 Ma to 183 Ma with a weighted mean age of 175.7±3.8 Ma, and the other eight yielded ^207Pb/^206Pb ages of 2502 Ma to 2554 Ma with a weighted mean 2518±11 Ma. Two analyses for syenitic porphyry gave ages of 2485 Ma and 2512 Ma, respectively. The age of 175.7±3.8 Ma indicates that the crystallization of the Tongshi magmatic complex occurred in the Middle Jurassic, whereas that of 2518±11 Ma is interpreted as the age of inherited magmatic zircons in the Neoarchean Wutai period.

Formation Age of the Sujiagou Komatiites in Western Shandong: Further Constraints from SHRIMP U-Pb Zircon Dating on Granitic Dykes

Komatiites are presented as direct evidence for higher mantle temperatures during the Archean. In the North China Craton, komatiites with spinifex structure have been identified only at one locality, i.e. the Sujiagou area, western Shandong. They were considered as formed during the early Neoarchean mainly based on their association with supracrustal rocks considered to be that age. This study carried out SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating on metamorphosed trondhjemitic and monzogranitic dykes intruding the Sujiagou komatiites, and they have magmatic zircon ages of 2592 ± 12 Ma and 2586 ± 13 Ma respectively. This provides direct evidence that the komatiites formed during the early Neoarchean.

HIGH-RESOLUTION SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE PERMIAN IN THE WESTERN SHANDONG AND HUAINAN-HUAIBEI COALFIELDS

The sedimentary characteristics and their combination succession of the Permian in the Shandong nd Huainan-Huaibei coalfields are analyzed. The mid-and short-term stratigraphic base-level cycles are identified. High-resolution sequences are divided based on the above results. The study shows that the stratigraphic base-level cyclic method is an efficient way in the determination of the high-resolution sequences, especially in the classification of tbe terrestrial and transitional depositional succession.

Analysis of a Continuative Fog Event in Western Shandong Province

[Objective] The aim was to study a continuative fog event in center and western Shandong Province from December 3 to 7 in 2011. [ Method] Based on regular meteorological data, a continuative heavy fog weather process during December 3 to 7 in 2011 was analyzed from the aspects of weather background, ground factors, T-Inp, and moisture and physical quantity field. [ Result] The heavy fog occurred under then at- mospheric circulation pattern controlled by the straight westerly air flow at 500 hPa middle latitudes, ridge of high pressure at middle and low levels, and weak pressure at the bottom of the surface high. The snowfall process for the formation of fog provided vapor conditions of fog, maintenance and development had benefited from lower layer of the warm and humid airflow. During the heavy fog, wind speed was between 1 and 3 m/s. The dew difference and visibility in the eady period had distinct daily changes, while the difference narrowed in the middle and later stage. Close to the ground was an obvious inversion layer, at the same time in the fog strong period temperature inversion layer were apparent between 700 and 800 hPa, these were helpful for fog formation and development. The stable atmospheric stratification, while low layer of weak convergence ascending motion, high level in the presence of weak divergence subsidence, these were also conducive to the maintenance and development of the fog. [ Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for the forecast of fog weather.

Characteristics of mantle branch structure in western Shandong and its roles in minerogenesis and ore-controlling

This work deals with the characteristics of mantle branch structure in western Shandong Province, China, with respect to the distribution characteristics and ages of the regional strata, the development of ring-like and radial faults, the development of gently inclined detachment-slip structures in the axial part, mantle-source magmatic activities, regional petrology, petrochemistry and isotope geology. The study indicated that the N-W sharply plunged ductile shear zone in the region of western Shandong cuts through the mantle rocks detached from the deep-seated North China mantle sub-plume, hence leading to unloading in response to depressurization and thereafter the formation of anatexis magma. The intense and complete magmatic evolution series not only manifests a variation trend of alkalinity of magma from high to low and its intrusive depth from deep to shallow, but also reflects that the wall-rock alteration shows a general evolution trend from strong to weak. The evolution of mantle structure played an important role in controlling endo-mineralogenesis, accompanied with the rise of the country rocks. As a result, typical mantle branch structures were formed as observed in western Shandong. At the top of the mantle branch structure was developed an obvious detachment-tilt fault block, and some endogenic ores, at the same time, were uplifted onto the shallow levels.

Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Erg Deposits in the Mengyin Basin, Western Shandong Province, China: Inferences about the Wind Regime and Paleogeography

The Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Santai Formation, sporadically distributed in western Shandong Province, comprises terrestrial alluvial-eolian successions, which records regional wind patterns and paleogeography in eastern North China. This paper conducts an analysis of eolian stratification, bounding surfaces, facies architecture and paleowind direction of the Santai Formation in the east of the Mengyin Basin, western Shandong Province. Three basic types of eolian stratification are recognized in the Santai Formation, including grainflow strata, wind ripple strata and adhesion strata, and have been grouped into eolian dune and interdune facies associations. The occurrences of reactivation surfaces and superimposition surfaces within eolian dune deposits indicate active compound dunes or draas. The association of adhesion strata with grainflow or windripple strata is the development of a wet eolian system. Cross-strata dip direction indicates different paleowind directions from the lower to the upper part of the Santai paleoerg. The lower part of the paleoerg was characterized by paleowinds blowing from northwest to northeast, whereas the upper part was under the influence of paleowinds consistently towards east to northeast. The identified changes in wind directions possibly suggest wind regime shifts from monsoon circulation to westlies of planetary wind system, which may be related with the collapse of the East China Plateau during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous.

Petrogenesis of Paleoproterozoic diorite porphyries inLuojiazhuang, western Shandong： constraints fromLA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry

Based on the study of LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb geochronology and whole-rock geochemistry for theLuojiazhuang diorite porphyries in Menying , western Shandong , the analyzed zircons exhibit oscillatory zoning in the cathodoluminescence images and have high Th/U ratios （0. 15-1.53） , indicating a magmatic origin.In addition, most of the zircons have narrow metamorphic edges, suggesting that late metamorphic eventsmay exist. The youngest group of magmatic zircon 207Pb/206Pb ages rangng from 2 384 Ma to 2 234 Ma, yieldinga weighted mean age of 2 353 ± 14 Ma, which represents the forming age of the diorite porphyries, as theEarly Paleoproterozoic. Geochemically , the samples are characterized by low Si〇2（54. 54% and 55. 47% ）,high MgO （5.22% and 5.49% ） and Mg# values （58 and 59） . Moreover , they show enrichment of light rareearth elements and large ion lithophile elements （ Rb , Ba and K） , depletion of heavy rare earth elements andhigh field strength elements （Nb, Ta , Zr and Hf） , positive anomaly of Pb , and negative anomaly of Ti. Thefact implies that the Luojiazhuang diorite porphyries might derive from partial melting of mantle and mixed with an amount of continental crust material. In summary , they may tectonic setting that stretching along the east-＂west direction at the North China Craton in the Early Paleoproterozoic.

Characteristics of Fault Gouge from the Northwest-Trending Faults in Western Shandong and Its Seismogeological Significance

A systematical study is made on the characteristics of fault gouge from NW-trending faults in western Shandong.The macroscopic features of the fault gouge zones were investigated.From the data on surface structure of quartz fragments from the fault gouge and its maturity,the relative age,the movement mode,the rupture pattern,and the activities of the NW-trending faults are determined.Moreover,their seismogeological significance and some problems in study of fault gouge are discussed.

The genesis of Archean supracrustal rocks in the western Shandong Province of North China Craton: Constraints on regional crustal evolution

Archean greenstone belts are supracrustal sequences, the lower part of which is usually composed of voluminous ultramafic-mafic volcanics. Intermediate and acid volcanic rocks increase in abundance towards the upper domains. Greenstone belts constitute ~30% of the total volume of Archean cratons, and preserve significant information on the surface environment and magmatism in the early earth, which are useful in unraveling the nature of crustal formation and evolution. The western Shandong Province(WSP) is located at the eastern part of the North China Craton(NCC), where greenstone sequences formed at ~2.7 and ~2.5 Ga were well preserved. The early Neoarchean supracrustal rocks include komatiite-basalt sequence, some meta-sediments of the lower part of the Taishan Group and the Mengjiatun Formation. The volcanism had been correlated to mantle plume, which resulted in vertical crustal accretion. The late Neoarchean supracrustal rocks were composed of metamorphosed felsic volcano-sedimentary sequences and BIFs of the upper part of the Taishan Group and the Jining Group. The geochemical features of the meta-volcanics show calc-alkaline affinities, similar to modern arc-related magmatism, suggesting that the continental crust in the western Shandong Province witnessed horizontal plate movements at ~2.5 Ga. The metasediments and leucosomes in the Qixingtai area display regional upper amphibolite facies metamorphism and anatexis at 2.53–2.50 Ga, coeval with formation of large volumes of crustally-derived granites. These tectono-thermal events suggest that a unified continental crust was formed in the western Shandong Province at the end of Neoarchean.

Discovery of dunite and pyroxenite xenoliths in Mesozoic diorite at Jinling,western Shandong and its significance

Abundant deeply-derived xenoliths are discovered in a Mesozoic diorite at Jinling, Zibo, western Shandong, which mainly consist of dunite and pyroxenite. The dunite can be further subdivided into two subtypes. The first type shows tabular texture and high Mg# values (93—94) in olivines. The second type is characterized by the metamorphic-deformation texture superimposed by later metasomatism and relatively low olivine Mg# values (86—87). The mineral chemical data indicate that the former could be derived from ancient lithospheric mantle and the latter could have resulted from silica-rich melt metasomatism. The exsolution texture and the high Mg# value in clinopyroxenes, together with the rather high equilibrium temperature, imply that the pyroxenite xenoliths could be the cumulates of mantle-derived magma in the uppermost mantle or near the crust-mantle boundary in the Mesozoic.

Potash-rich volcanic rocks and lamprophyres in western Shandong Province:^(40)Ar-^(39)Ar dating and source tracing

Highly precise 40Ar-39Ar dating results demon-strate that the ages of potash-rich volcanic rocks in western Shandong Province are 114.7-124.3 Ma, and that of the lamprophyres is 119.6 Ma. The potash-rich volcanic rocks have relatively high (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios ( 0.708715-0.711418) and distinctly negative εNd values ( -11.47--17.54), and are enriched in radiogenic lead (206Pb/204Pb=17.341-17.622, 207Pb/204Pb=15.525-15.538, 208Pb/204Pb=37.563-37.684). Similarly, the lamprophyres also have quite low εNd values (-11.57 - -19.64). Based on the fact that the Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions of potash-rich volcanic rocks are very consistent with that of the clinopyroxene separates, and by integrating comprehensive analyses of their tectonic settings, and extensive comparisons of the Sr, Nd isotopic composi-tions with that of the related simultaneous rocks, it is con-cluded that the potash-rich volcanic rocks and lamprophyres in western Shandong Province were most possibly derived from the partial melting

Petrogenesis of Shangyu gabbro-diorites in western Shandong:Geochronological and geochemical evidence

Chronology and geochemistry of the Shangyu gabbro-diorite in western Shandong were studied to understand their petrogenesis and the nature of the Mesozoic lithospheric mantle. The Shangyu intru-sion is mainly composed of a suite of gabbro-diorite. Zircons from the intrusion display eu-hedral-subhedral in shape and have high Th/U ratios (1.23―2.87), implying their magmatic origin. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results for two samples indicate that they were formed in the Early Cre-taceous, yielding weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages of 129±1Ma and 134±2Ma, respectively. Except for early cumulate such as sample QT-19, their SiO2 and MgO contents range from 50.12% to 56.37% and from 3.52% to 6.37%, respectively. Moreover, the gabbro-diorites are characterized by high Mg# (0.54―0.63), enrichment in Na (Na2O/K2O ratios more than 1), Cr (73×10-6―217×10-6) and Ni (34×10-6―241×10-6), and intensive enrichments in light rare earth elements (LREEs) and large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and depletion in high field strength elements (HFSEs). Their initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios and ε Nd(t) values range from 0.70962 to 0.71081 and from-16.60 to-13.04, respectively. Taken together with the Early Creta-ceous high-Mg diorites and the mantle xenoliths from the Tietonggou and Jinling as well as basalts from the Fangcheng and Feixian, it is suggested that the primary magma for the Shangyu gab-bro-diorites should be derived from the enriched lithospheric mantle intensively modified by conti-nental crust. The Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions for the Early Cretaceous high-Mg diorites in western Shandong display a trend of spatial variations, i.e., initial 87Sr/86Sr, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb ratios de-creasing and ε Nd(t) values increasing from southeast to northwest in western Shandong, which is con-sistent with the tectonic model that the Yangtze Craton subducted beneath the North China Craton oriented in north-west direction in the Early Mesozoic.

山东龙郓煤业10·20冲击地压事故区域应力背景与防控研究

矿山巷道、交通隧道等地下硐室围岩稳定与岩体所处区域地应力环境息息相关。分析区域深部地应力与地下硐室走向、形状等因素的关系,有助于提前规避硐室开挖风险。文章以山东龙郓煤业10·20冲击地压事故为背景,通过地应力测量与监测工作,初步揭示了山东西部地壳浅表层现今地应力环境,结合龙郓煤业矿区附近现今地应力场特征,探讨此次冲击地压事故产生的区域应力背景,并从地应力角度提出相应的防控建议。研究结果表明:测量深度范围内主应力大小总体上与深度成正比线性关系,最大水平主应力值为3.48~20.76 MPa,随深度增加梯度为0.0182 MPa/m;最小水平主应力值为3.44~14.95 MPa,随深度增加梯度为0.0130 MPa/m;区内最大水平主应力方位为北东43°~89°,平均方位为北东75°;地壳浅表层构造作用以水平构造作用为主,但随着深度的增加,逐渐向垂直构造作用转变;龙郓煤业10·20冲击地压事故的诱发机制主要是垂向应力大于水平主应力,现今处于拉张应力环境,尤其是巷道走向平行于最大水平主应力方向;建议龙郓煤业巷道轴线与最大水平主应力方向的夹角为60°~90°,同时巷道顶板可以采用拱形顶板,确保巷道岩体稳定。

鲁西地区BIF型铁矿床控矿规律及找矿前景

鲁西地区是中国东部重要的铁矿集区,其中BIF型铁矿成矿地质条件优越。本文通过梳理研究区成矿地质背景、地球物理特征及该类型铁矿床时空分布特征,并综合研究其赋矿地层特征的基础上,对该类型铁矿床地层赋矿规律、构造控矿规律、岩浆岩控矿规律和物探异常示矿规律进行深入剖析。研究表明该区BIF型铁矿成矿时代为新太古代,且具有多个铁矿赋矿层位,其中泰山岩群雁翎关组、山草峪组、柳杭组和济宁岩群颜店组均为主要赋矿层位;该类型铁矿构造控矿特征明显,尤以向形构造处铁矿富集现象最为显著;岩浆岩活动对该类型铁矿具有早期提供成矿物质来源和晚期进行矿体改造的作用;物探异常(如重磁异常)对于该类型铁矿勘查具有明显的指示作用。并在区内圈定了沂源县韩旺、苍峄铁矿带、东平—汶上、济宁市北等20处铁矿找矿靶区,表明鲁西地区BIF型铁矿勘查潜力巨大;研究表明该类型铁矿勘查方向在其已有矿床深部和边部进行勘查开发仍是首选地段,在隐伏区和低缓异常区利用深部钻孔进行勘查并开辟新的找矿空间是鲁西地区今后BIF型铁矿勘查工作的重要方向。

鲁西郗山—关帝庙地区碱性杂岩体微量元素地球化学特征及其意义

本文在详细的岩相学观察基础上,分析研究岩体和矿物的微量元素及稀土元素的特征。结果表明,郗山—关帝庙碱性杂岩体富集Ba、U、Pb、Th及La、Ce,亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf;Nb>Ta,富集轻稀土元素、亏损重稀土元素,轻重稀土分异显著,Ce、Eu无明显异常,关帝庙岩体与郗山岩体的微量元素配分曲线均为右倾型,表明研究区内碱性岩体为同源岩浆,推测初始成岩物质来源于岩石圈地幔部分熔融,其母岩浆为碳酸盐化硅酸岩熔体。郗山岩体发现岩浆型磷灰石和热液型磷灰石,表明郗山岩体的岩浆经历了较强的结晶分异和一定程度的混合作用,并在热液阶段形成大量的轻稀土矿物。

鲁西泰安地区~2.7Ga变玄武岩成因及其对新太古代花岗-绿岩带构造演化的制约

鲁西地区保存有华北克拉通最典型的新太古代花岗-绿岩带,且后期地质作用改造较弱,是探讨早期地壳形成演化的关键地区。最近的地质调查工作,在泰安地区识别出一套变玄武岩组合。通过锆石U-Pb定年,获得侵入变玄武岩的奥长花岗岩脉年龄为2717±10Ma、二长花岗岩脉年龄为2549±15Ma,并在变玄武岩中获得~2729Ma、~2596Ma和2553~2549Ma多期年龄信息,由此确定变质玄武岩形成年龄大于~2.72Ga,遭受新太古代晚期~2.60Ga和~2.55Ga构造热事件影响。泰安地区变玄武岩组合归属于新太古代早期的泰山岩群雁翎关岩组。这些玄武岩遭受了后期(~2.55Ga)花岗质岩浆侵位作用的影响,并在原岩岩浆演化过程中经历了橄榄石和单斜辉石的结晶分离。变玄武岩为拉斑质玄武岩,显示出原始地幔一致的微量元素组成(Nb/Y=0.08~1.14、Nb/Th=1.82~13.4、Zr/Nb=17.9~27.2),表现为近平坦或弱分异的稀土元素配分模式[(La/Yb)N=0.90~2.52]和平坦的重稀土配分模式[(Gd/Yb)N=1.04~1.23];具有低的Sm/Yb比值(0.95~1.25)和正的εNd(t)值(2.48~3.64)。区域上,雁翎关岩组变玄武岩主要伴生科马提岩,成分均一,无伴生陆源沉积物,微量元素组成上与洋底高原玄武岩特征类似,来源于地幔柱头部尖晶石橄榄岩的部分熔融。新太古代早期(~2.7Ga),鲁西地区出现由科马提岩和拉斑玄武岩组成的绿岩带,同期出现新生的TTG陆壳,形成于地幔柱构造体制;新太古代晚期(~2.5Ga)出现钙碱性火山岩、TTG、赞岐岩和富钾花岗岩组合,显示出强烈的壳-幔相互作用和地壳物质再循环,板块构造体制已开始作用。综合地质资料揭示,华北克拉通构造体制在新太古代发生重大转变:由早期地幔柱逐渐转变为晚期的板块构造体制。

鲁西地区中生代高镁闪长岩角闪石成分变化特征及其对矽卡岩型铁矿成矿作用的启示

矽卡岩型铁矿床是我国最重要的铁矿床类型之一,在华北克拉通东部广泛发育,时空上与中生代高镁闪长岩体紧密伴生,研究其物质来源和成岩成矿过程具有重要的意义。本文对鲁西地区与金岭铁矿床具有成因联系的中生代高镁闪长岩中的角闪石进行了详细的成分研究,限定高镁闪长岩的岩浆演化过程及其物理化学条件变化,探讨高镁闪长岩的岩石成因机制及其与矽卡岩型铁矿床成矿作用之间的联系。金岭高镁闪长岩的角闪石斑晶边部与基质角闪石具有一致的主量元素成分,记录了相似的T-P-fO_(2)-H_(2)O条件,显著不同于角闪石斑晶核部。角闪石斑晶核部的平衡岩浆来源于地幔部分熔融,而角闪石斑晶边部与基质角闪石的平衡岩浆中则存在地壳组分的贡献。高镁闪长岩-矽卡岩型铁矿床体系为极其复杂的成岩成矿系统,起源于高氧逸度和高水含量的地幔源区,并经历了包括结晶分异、同化混染、岩浆混合以及流体出溶、迁移和淋滤在内的诸多复杂岩浆热液演化过程。这些源区特征和岩浆-热液过程记录了不同深度岩石圈对华北克拉通破坏的构造响应。

红色研学高质量发展问题及路径研究——基于鲁西革命老区的个案调研

红色研学旅行是一种以红色文化为主题的教育旅行活动,是丰富学生红色文化知识,激发学生爱国情感,培养学生家国情怀的有效途径。鲁西地区的聊城、菏泽、枣庄、济宁、德州五市都是革命圣地、红色摇篮,发生过诸多可歌可泣的红色故事,红色文化资源丰富,红色旅游资源禀赋。以鲁西革命老区为案例,立足于鲁西地区发展红色研学的优势因素、红色资源的地域分布及红色研学发展现状,分析了本地区红色研学旅行所存在的问题,从多个方面提出了相应的建议,为鲁西地区红色研学高质量发展及路径探析提供了新思路。