The western Sichuan Basin, which is located at the front of the Longmen Mountains in the west of Sichuan Province, China, is a foreland basin formed in the Late Triassic. The Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation is a tigh...The western Sichuan Basin, which is located at the front of the Longmen Mountains in the west of Sichuan Province, China, is a foreland basin formed in the Late Triassic. The Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation is a tight gas sandstone reservoir with low porosity and ultra-low permeability, whose gas accumulation and production are controlled by well-developed fracture zones. There are mainly three types of fractures developed in the Upper Triassic tight gas sandstones, namely tectonic fractures, diagenetic fractures and overpressure-related fractures, of which high-angle tectonic fractures are the most important. The tectonic fractures can be classified into four sets, i.e., N-S-, NE-, E-W- and NW-striking fractures. In addition, there are a number of approximately horizontal shear fractures in some of the medium-grained sandstones and grit stones nearby the thrusts or slip layers. Tectonic fractures were mainly formed at the end of the Triassic, the end of the Cretaceous and the end of the Neogene-Early Pleistocene. The development degree of tectonic fractures was controlled by lithology, thickness, structure, stress and fluid pressure. Overpressure makes not only the rock shear strength decrease, but also the stress state change from compression to tension. Thus, tensional fractures can he formed in fold-thrust belts. Tectonic fractures are mainly developed along the NE- and N-S-striking structural belts, and are the important storage space and the principal flow channels in the tight gas sandstone. The porosity of fractures here is 28.4% of the gross reservoir porosity, and the permeability of fractures being two or three grades higher than that of the matrix pores. Four sets of high-angle tectonic fractures and horizontal shear fractures formed a good network system and controlled the distribution and production of gas in the tight sandstones.展开更多
Mixed carbonate-siliciclastic sedimentation is common in the Upper Permian-Lower Tri-assic in the western Sichuan（四川） basin.The extensional movement was strong in the Late Permian,resulting in differential uplifti...Mixed carbonate-siliciclastic sedimentation is common in the Upper Permian-Lower Tri-assic in the western Sichuan（四川） basin.The extensional movement was strong in the Late Permian,resulting in differential uplifting of fault blocks.During this period,there was an extensive retrogres-sion.The Kangdian（康滇） ancient land progressive uplifted and enlarged,forming the major prove-nance of terrigenous clastics.In Changxingian age,mixed terrigenous-carbonate sedimentation was dis-tributed in the area between Dafeishui（大飞水）-well Dashen（大深）-1-well Shoubao（寿保）-1 and Beichuan（北川）-well Guanji（关基）.The terrigenous clastics sourced from Kangdian ancient land input into the relatively shallow water,resulting in an extensive limited platform-mixing tidal flat where moderate-thick laminated grey limestone,thin muddy limestone and purplish red sandy shale were de-posited.The tectonic framework in Feixianguanian（飞仙关） stage was inherited from the Chang-xingian stage.The hybrid sedimentation was limited to the south of Dujiangyan（都江堰）-Xindu（新都）.In Jialingjiangian（嘉陵江） stage,the palaeogeographic features were also unchanged and two complete transgression-retrogression cycles also occurred.The mixing tidal flat was distributed to the west of Baoxing（保兴）-Ya＇an（雅安）-Hongya（洪雅）-Leshan（乐山）,where purplish red sandstone with thin limestone and shale interbeds and grey-dark grey silty mudstone with limestone were deposited.The carbonates in the mixed facies tract have few primary pores preserved and poorly-developed secondary pores due to the relatively high content of terrigenous clastics,strong compaction and weak dissolution.Therefore,they are unfavorable for the development of effective reservoirs.展开更多
Compressional region usually forms complex thrust faults system, which is difficult to identify using traditional migration profiles. The successful application of three-dimensional（3D） seismic attributes analysis g...Compressional region usually forms complex thrust faults system, which is difficult to identify using traditional migration profiles. The successful application of three-dimensional（3D） seismic attributes analysis greatly reduces the difficulty, and improves the accuracy and efficiency of seismic interpretation and structural analysis. In this paper, we took Qiongxi area in the compressional region of western Sichuan as an example, using two 3D seismic attributes, coherence and instantaneous phase, to identify fault assemblages and variations both vertically and laterally. The results show that the study area mainly consists of NS-, NE- and NEE-trending faults. The NS-trending faults are the largest and have a component of sinistral slip controlling the formation of NEE-trending faults, while the NE-trending faults are intermediate in scale, formed earlier and were cut by the NS-trending faults. Our results demonstrate that using seismic attributes for structural analysis have the following advantages：（1） more details of major fault zones,（2） highlighting minor faults which are hardly traced in seismic migration cube, and（3） easier acquisition of accurate fault systems. The application of seismic attributes provides a new idea for deciphering fine and complicated structures, and will significantly contribute to the development of objective and precise geological interpretation in the future.展开更多
The noble gas concentrations and isotope ratios of seven natural gas samples from the central area of the Western Sichuan Basin were measured. The samples all have 40Ar/36Ar ratios greater than the atmospheric values,...The noble gas concentrations and isotope ratios of seven natural gas samples from the central area of the Western Sichuan Basin were measured. The samples all have 40Ar/36Ar ratios greater than the atmospheric values, and the 3He/4He ratios (R/Ra) are entirely consistent with the crustal radiogenic He values. The vertical variation of the calculated CH4/36Ar ratios with depth clearly indicates that the CH4and 36Ar are intimately associated, indicating a common reservoir intermediate to the sampled reservoirs, where they are well mixed and stored together prior to entrapment into gas reservoirs. Meanwhile, the calculated CH4/36Ar ratios range between 8×106 and 64×106 very much greater than the CH4/36Ar values for pure water and 5 mol/L NaCI brine at low temperature and hydrostatic conditions, reflecting the presence of "excess" thermogenic CH4 over that supplied by a CH4-saturated groundwater at low temperature, and the excess CH4 saturation and dissolution to be at depth greater than the sampled展开更多
The molecular compositions and stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of natural gas from the Xinchang gas field in the Sichuan Basin were investigated to determine the genetic types. The natural gas is main...The molecular compositions and stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of natural gas from the Xinchang gas field in the Sichuan Basin were investigated to determine the genetic types. The natural gas is mainly composed of methane （88.99%-98.01%）, and the dryness coefficient varies between 0.908 and 0.997. The gas generally displays positive alkane carbon and hydrogen isotopic series. The geochemical characteristics and gas-source correlation indicate that the gases stored in the 5th member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation are coal-type gases which are derived from source rocks in the stratum itself. The gases reservoired in the 4th member of the Xujiahe Formation and Jurassic strata in the Xinchang gas field are also coal-type gases that are derived from source rocks in the 3rd and 4th members of the Xujiahe Formation. The gases reservoired in the 2nd member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation are mainly coal-type gases with small amounts of oil-type gas that is derived from source rocks in the stratum itself. This is accompanied by a small amount of contribution brought by source rocks in the Upper Triassic Ma＇antang and Xiaotangzi formations. The gases reservoired in the 4th member of the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation are oil-type gases and are believed to be derived from the secondary cracking of oil which is most likely to be generated from the Upper Permian source rocks.展开更多
Based on an analysis of the limitations of conventional production component methods for natural gas development planning,this study proposes a new one that uses life cycle models for the trend fitting and prediction ...Based on an analysis of the limitations of conventional production component methods for natural gas development planning,this study proposes a new one that uses life cycle models for the trend fitting and prediction of production.In this new method,the annual production of old and new wells is predicted by year first and then is summed up to yield the production for the planning period.It shows that the changes in the production of old wells in old blocks can be fitted and predicted using the vapor pressure model(VPM),with precision of 80%e95%,which is 6.6%e13.2%higher than that of other life cycle models.Furthermore,a new production prediction process and method for new wells have been established based on this life cycle model to predict the production of medium-to-shallow gas reservoirs in western Sichuan Basin,with predication error of production rate in 2021 and 2022 being 6%and 3%respectively.The new method can be used to guide the medium-and long-term planning or annual scheme preparation for gas development.It is also applicable to planning for large single gas blocks that require continuous infill drilling and adjustment to improve gas recovery.展开更多
The Triassic and Jurassic tight sandstone gas in the western Sichuan depression,Sichuan Basin has attracted much attention in recent years,and the Upper Triassic coal-bearing Xujiahe Formation is believed to be the ma...The Triassic and Jurassic tight sandstone gas in the western Sichuan depression,Sichuan Basin has attracted much attention in recent years,and the Upper Triassic coal-bearing Xujiahe Formation is believed to be the major source rock.However,there are relatively few studies on the carbon isotopic heterogeneity of methane generated from coal-measure source rocks and the origin of the natural gases in Xinchang Gas Field is still controversial.In this study,one coal-measure mudstone sample and one coal sample of the Xujiahe Formation in western Sichuan Basin were selected for gold tube pyrolysis experiment to determine their gas generation characteristics.Geological extrapolation of gas generation and methane carbon isotope fractionation parameters reveals that the main gas generation stage of Xujiahe Formation ranges from Late Jurassic to Cretaceous in the Xinchang Gas Field.The natural gas in the 5th member of Xujiahe Formation in Xinchang Gas Field is mainly derived from the 5th member of Xujiahe Formation itself,i.e.,self-generation and self-reservoir,however,the gas in the Jurassic gas pools is mainly derived from the source rocks of the 3rd member of Xujiahe Formation rather than the 5th member of Xujiahe Formation.展开更多
在西风带、东亚季风和印度季风的共同影响下,青藏高原不同区域全新世气候变化过程存在显著差异,加强不同区域古气候变化研究对重建青藏高原全新世气候变化过程及理解其变化机制具有重要意义。以青藏高原东部川西高原理塘县毛垭坝盆地全...在西风带、东亚季风和印度季风的共同影响下,青藏高原不同区域全新世气候变化过程存在显著差异,加强不同区域古气候变化研究对重建青藏高原全新世气候变化过程及理解其变化机制具有重要意义。以青藏高原东部川西高原理塘县毛垭坝盆地全新世地层为研究对象,在14C测年的基础上,通过沉积环境和多个古气候代用指标的分析,重建了全新世气候变化过程。毛垭坝盆地早-中全新世冰水湖沉积物覆盖在末次冰期冰碛物之上,晚全新世为冲洪积物。全新世沉积物在筛除砾石(粒径>2 mm)后的粒度组成以中粉砂以下粒级(粒径<32μm)为主,占比多>80%,是冰川磨蚀作用的产物。磁化率在古土壤层明显增大,结合粒径<1μm粒度组分的出现,可能说明成壤作用生成的强磁性矿物是磁化率值增大的原因。在冰水湖还原环境中磁化率值显著减小,可能与磁性矿物溶解有关。结合总有机碳(TOC)和色度参数的综合分析表明,毛垭坝盆地早全新世气候温干,中全新世暖湿,晚全新世温干,这一变化过程与青藏高原东部全新世气候变化总的趋势相符。在晚全新世气候温干的趋势下,毛垭坝盆地在2 700 a BP古土壤发育,气候温湿。展开更多
基金supported by the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum,Beijing(Grant No.PRPJC2008- 03,PRPDX2008-07)
文摘The western Sichuan Basin, which is located at the front of the Longmen Mountains in the west of Sichuan Province, China, is a foreland basin formed in the Late Triassic. The Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation is a tight gas sandstone reservoir with low porosity and ultra-low permeability, whose gas accumulation and production are controlled by well-developed fracture zones. There are mainly three types of fractures developed in the Upper Triassic tight gas sandstones, namely tectonic fractures, diagenetic fractures and overpressure-related fractures, of which high-angle tectonic fractures are the most important. The tectonic fractures can be classified into four sets, i.e., N-S-, NE-, E-W- and NW-striking fractures. In addition, there are a number of approximately horizontal shear fractures in some of the medium-grained sandstones and grit stones nearby the thrusts or slip layers. Tectonic fractures were mainly formed at the end of the Triassic, the end of the Cretaceous and the end of the Neogene-Early Pleistocene. The development degree of tectonic fractures was controlled by lithology, thickness, structure, stress and fluid pressure. Overpressure makes not only the rock shear strength decrease, but also the stress state change from compression to tension. Thus, tensional fractures can he formed in fold-thrust belts. Tectonic fractures are mainly developed along the NE- and N-S-striking structural belts, and are the important storage space and the principal flow channels in the tight gas sandstone. The porosity of fractures here is 28.4% of the gross reservoir porosity, and the permeability of fractures being two or three grades higher than that of the matrix pores. Four sets of high-angle tectonic fractures and horizontal shear fractures formed a good network system and controlled the distribution and production of gas in the tight sandstones.
基金supported by the National Major Basic Research and Development Project (No. 2005CB422100) and the project of SINOPEC
文摘Mixed carbonate-siliciclastic sedimentation is common in the Upper Permian-Lower Tri-assic in the western Sichuan（四川） basin.The extensional movement was strong in the Late Permian,resulting in differential uplifting of fault blocks.During this period,there was an extensive retrogres-sion.The Kangdian（康滇） ancient land progressive uplifted and enlarged,forming the major prove-nance of terrigenous clastics.In Changxingian age,mixed terrigenous-carbonate sedimentation was dis-tributed in the area between Dafeishui（大飞水）-well Dashen（大深）-1-well Shoubao（寿保）-1 and Beichuan（北川）-well Guanji（关基）.The terrigenous clastics sourced from Kangdian ancient land input into the relatively shallow water,resulting in an extensive limited platform-mixing tidal flat where moderate-thick laminated grey limestone,thin muddy limestone and purplish red sandy shale were de-posited.The tectonic framework in Feixianguanian（飞仙关） stage was inherited from the Chang-xingian stage.The hybrid sedimentation was limited to the south of Dujiangyan（都江堰）-Xindu（新都）.In Jialingjiangian（嘉陵江） stage,the palaeogeographic features were also unchanged and two complete transgression-retrogression cycles also occurred.The mixing tidal flat was distributed to the west of Baoxing（保兴）-Ya＇an（雅安）-Hongya（洪雅）-Leshan（乐山）,where purplish red sandstone with thin limestone and shale interbeds and grey-dark grey silty mudstone with limestone were deposited.The carbonates in the mixed facies tract have few primary pores preserved and poorly-developed secondary pores due to the relatively high content of terrigenous clastics,strong compaction and weak dissolution.Therefore,they are unfavorable for the development of effective reservoirs.
基金supported by the Major National S & T Program (No. 2008ZX050009-001-01)
文摘Compressional region usually forms complex thrust faults system, which is difficult to identify using traditional migration profiles. The successful application of three-dimensional（3D） seismic attributes analysis greatly reduces the difficulty, and improves the accuracy and efficiency of seismic interpretation and structural analysis. In this paper, we took Qiongxi area in the compressional region of western Sichuan as an example, using two 3D seismic attributes, coherence and instantaneous phase, to identify fault assemblages and variations both vertically and laterally. The results show that the study area mainly consists of NS-, NE- and NEE-trending faults. The NS-trending faults are the largest and have a component of sinistral slip controlling the formation of NEE-trending faults, while the NE-trending faults are intermediate in scale, formed earlier and were cut by the NS-trending faults. Our results demonstrate that using seismic attributes for structural analysis have the following advantages：（1） more details of major fault zones,（2） highlighting minor faults which are hardly traced in seismic migration cube, and（3） easier acquisition of accurate fault systems. The application of seismic attributes provides a new idea for deciphering fine and complicated structures, and will significantly contribute to the development of objective and precise geological interpretation in the future.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 49773188).
文摘The noble gas concentrations and isotope ratios of seven natural gas samples from the central area of the Western Sichuan Basin were measured. The samples all have 40Ar/36Ar ratios greater than the atmospheric values, and the 3He/4He ratios (R/Ra) are entirely consistent with the crustal radiogenic He values. The vertical variation of the calculated CH4/36Ar ratios with depth clearly indicates that the CH4and 36Ar are intimately associated, indicating a common reservoir intermediate to the sampled reservoirs, where they are well mixed and stored together prior to entrapment into gas reservoirs. Meanwhile, the calculated CH4/36Ar ratios range between 8×106 and 64×106 very much greater than the CH4/36Ar values for pure water and 5 mol/L NaCI brine at low temperature and hydrostatic conditions, reflecting the presence of "excess" thermogenic CH4 over that supplied by a CH4-saturated groundwater at low temperature, and the excess CH4 saturation and dissolution to be at depth greater than the sampled
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants No.41625009, 41302118 and U1663201)the National Key Foundational Research and Development Project (Grant No:2016YFB0600804)the National Science & Technology Special Project (grant No.2016ZX05002-006)
文摘The molecular compositions and stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of natural gas from the Xinchang gas field in the Sichuan Basin were investigated to determine the genetic types. The natural gas is mainly composed of methane （88.99%-98.01%）, and the dryness coefficient varies between 0.908 and 0.997. The gas generally displays positive alkane carbon and hydrogen isotopic series. The geochemical characteristics and gas-source correlation indicate that the gases stored in the 5th member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation are coal-type gases which are derived from source rocks in the stratum itself. The gases reservoired in the 4th member of the Xujiahe Formation and Jurassic strata in the Xinchang gas field are also coal-type gases that are derived from source rocks in the 3rd and 4th members of the Xujiahe Formation. The gases reservoired in the 2nd member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation are mainly coal-type gases with small amounts of oil-type gas that is derived from source rocks in the stratum itself. This is accompanied by a small amount of contribution brought by source rocks in the Upper Triassic Ma＇antang and Xiaotangzi formations. The gases reservoired in the 4th member of the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation are oil-type gases and are believed to be derived from the secondary cracking of oil which is most likely to be generated from the Upper Permian source rocks.
基金funded by the project entitled Technical Countermeasures for the Quantitative Characterization and Adjustment of Residual Gas in Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs of the Daniudi Gas Field(P20065-1)organized by the Science&Technology R&D Department of Sinopec.
文摘Based on an analysis of the limitations of conventional production component methods for natural gas development planning,this study proposes a new one that uses life cycle models for the trend fitting and prediction of production.In this new method,the annual production of old and new wells is predicted by year first and then is summed up to yield the production for the planning period.It shows that the changes in the production of old wells in old blocks can be fitted and predicted using the vapor pressure model(VPM),with precision of 80%e95%,which is 6.6%e13.2%higher than that of other life cycle models.Furthermore,a new production prediction process and method for new wells have been established based on this life cycle model to predict the production of medium-to-shallow gas reservoirs in western Sichuan Basin,with predication error of production rate in 2021 and 2022 being 6%and 3%respectively.The new method can be used to guide the medium-and long-term planning or annual scheme preparation for gas development.It is also applicable to planning for large single gas blocks that require continuous infill drilling and adjustment to improve gas recovery.
基金supported by the XDA special program of Chinese Academy of Science (No.XDA14010104)the Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41925014)。
文摘The Triassic and Jurassic tight sandstone gas in the western Sichuan depression,Sichuan Basin has attracted much attention in recent years,and the Upper Triassic coal-bearing Xujiahe Formation is believed to be the major source rock.However,there are relatively few studies on the carbon isotopic heterogeneity of methane generated from coal-measure source rocks and the origin of the natural gases in Xinchang Gas Field is still controversial.In this study,one coal-measure mudstone sample and one coal sample of the Xujiahe Formation in western Sichuan Basin were selected for gold tube pyrolysis experiment to determine their gas generation characteristics.Geological extrapolation of gas generation and methane carbon isotope fractionation parameters reveals that the main gas generation stage of Xujiahe Formation ranges from Late Jurassic to Cretaceous in the Xinchang Gas Field.The natural gas in the 5th member of Xujiahe Formation in Xinchang Gas Field is mainly derived from the 5th member of Xujiahe Formation itself,i.e.,self-generation and self-reservoir,however,the gas in the Jurassic gas pools is mainly derived from the source rocks of the 3rd member of Xujiahe Formation rather than the 5th member of Xujiahe Formation.
文摘在西风带、东亚季风和印度季风的共同影响下,青藏高原不同区域全新世气候变化过程存在显著差异,加强不同区域古气候变化研究对重建青藏高原全新世气候变化过程及理解其变化机制具有重要意义。以青藏高原东部川西高原理塘县毛垭坝盆地全新世地层为研究对象,在14C测年的基础上,通过沉积环境和多个古气候代用指标的分析,重建了全新世气候变化过程。毛垭坝盆地早-中全新世冰水湖沉积物覆盖在末次冰期冰碛物之上,晚全新世为冲洪积物。全新世沉积物在筛除砾石(粒径>2 mm)后的粒度组成以中粉砂以下粒级(粒径<32μm)为主,占比多>80%,是冰川磨蚀作用的产物。磁化率在古土壤层明显增大,结合粒径<1μm粒度组分的出现,可能说明成壤作用生成的强磁性矿物是磁化率值增大的原因。在冰水湖还原环境中磁化率值显著减小,可能与磁性矿物溶解有关。结合总有机碳(TOC)和色度参数的综合分析表明,毛垭坝盆地早全新世气候温干,中全新世暖湿,晚全新世温干,这一变化过程与青藏高原东部全新世气候变化总的趋势相符。在晚全新世气候温干的趋势下,毛垭坝盆地在2 700 a BP古土壤发育,气候温湿。
