A battery of tests was established to determine the oestrogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic potential of two categories of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), phthalates and alkylphenols. Diisononylphthalate (DINP), d...A battery of tests was established to determine the oestrogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic potential of two categories of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), phthalates and alkylphenols. Diisononylphthalate (DINP), diethylhexylphthalate (DEHP), dibutylphthalate (DBP), diisododecylphthalate (DIDP) and 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) were oestrogenic in the yeast estrogen screen (YES) assay and potently oestrogenic in the MVLN and E-SCREEN assays at environmentally relevant concentrations. DINP and 4-NP were mutagenic in the Ames assay and also induced significant levels of unscheduled DNA synthesis and DNA strand breakage. Significant induction in the percentage of cells containing micronuclei was observed after treatment with DINP, DEHP and 4-NP. In addition, sewage effluents from sewage treatment plants (STPs) in the Border, Midlands and Western (BMW) region of Ireland were significantly oestrogenic in the YES assay. Moreover, analysis of levels of phthalates and alkylphenol identified in Irish rivers receiving treated effluent showed potent oestrogenicity in the YES assay. The proliferative and genotoxic ability of the phthalates and alkylphenol, and the oestrogenicity of the treated effluents reported here, is significant as these EDCs and EDCs within the effluent may play a role in the etiology of human abnormalities.展开更多
利用常规与加密气象观测资料、FNL再分析格点资料及FY-2G卫星云顶亮温(Temperature of Black Body,TBB)观测资料,对2015年7月14—15日湖北省梅雨期一次连续暴雨过程对流云活动的环境条件和导致短时强降雨的对流云影响方式进行了分析。...利用常规与加密气象观测资料、FNL再分析格点资料及FY-2G卫星云顶亮温(Temperature of Black Body,TBB)观测资料,对2015年7月14—15日湖北省梅雨期一次连续暴雨过程对流云活动的环境条件和导致短时强降雨的对流云影响方式进行了分析。结果表明:500 hPa位于西风槽前、850 hPa风场辐合、温度露点差较小及850—500 hPa暖平流为有利于湖北省对流云活动的环境条件。当天气尺度暖输送带云系在江南西部至长江中游地区建立,且低层暖切变线同时出现在湖北地区上空时,降雨明显增幅;当暖输送带云系明显东移后,湖北地区暴雨过程结束。当暖输送带位于湖北地区上空时,850 hPa相当位温平流项和对流项均为较大正值,且对流项大值区出现在平流项大值区的南侧。短时强降雨主要发生在降雨盛期,是构成湖北地区暴雨的重要组成部分。湖北省短时强降雨的4种对流云影响方式分别为对流云团西边界、深对流云团中心区、对流云串"列车效应"及对流云合并加强;其中,受对流云西边界、深对流云中心区或云团串影响的短时强降雨发生次数较多,受深对流云中心区和对流云合并加强影响的短时强降雨平均降雨量较大。展开更多
文摘A battery of tests was established to determine the oestrogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic potential of two categories of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), phthalates and alkylphenols. Diisononylphthalate (DINP), diethylhexylphthalate (DEHP), dibutylphthalate (DBP), diisododecylphthalate (DIDP) and 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) were oestrogenic in the yeast estrogen screen (YES) assay and potently oestrogenic in the MVLN and E-SCREEN assays at environmentally relevant concentrations. DINP and 4-NP were mutagenic in the Ames assay and also induced significant levels of unscheduled DNA synthesis and DNA strand breakage. Significant induction in the percentage of cells containing micronuclei was observed after treatment with DINP, DEHP and 4-NP. In addition, sewage effluents from sewage treatment plants (STPs) in the Border, Midlands and Western (BMW) region of Ireland were significantly oestrogenic in the YES assay. Moreover, analysis of levels of phthalates and alkylphenol identified in Irish rivers receiving treated effluent showed potent oestrogenicity in the YES assay. The proliferative and genotoxic ability of the phthalates and alkylphenol, and the oestrogenicity of the treated effluents reported here, is significant as these EDCs and EDCs within the effluent may play a role in the etiology of human abnormalities.
文摘利用常规与加密气象观测资料、FNL再分析格点资料及FY-2G卫星云顶亮温(Temperature of Black Body,TBB)观测资料,对2015年7月14—15日湖北省梅雨期一次连续暴雨过程对流云活动的环境条件和导致短时强降雨的对流云影响方式进行了分析。结果表明:500 hPa位于西风槽前、850 hPa风场辐合、温度露点差较小及850—500 hPa暖平流为有利于湖北省对流云活动的环境条件。当天气尺度暖输送带云系在江南西部至长江中游地区建立,且低层暖切变线同时出现在湖北地区上空时,降雨明显增幅;当暖输送带云系明显东移后,湖北地区暴雨过程结束。当暖输送带位于湖北地区上空时,850 hPa相当位温平流项和对流项均为较大正值,且对流项大值区出现在平流项大值区的南侧。短时强降雨主要发生在降雨盛期,是构成湖北地区暴雨的重要组成部分。湖北省短时强降雨的4种对流云影响方式分别为对流云团西边界、深对流云团中心区、对流云串"列车效应"及对流云合并加强;其中,受对流云西边界、深对流云中心区或云团串影响的短时强降雨发生次数较多,受深对流云中心区和对流云合并加强影响的短时强降雨平均降雨量较大。