Language is the carrier of culture,loaded with specific cultural information.Idioms can most reflect folk custom.Idioms are shaped and accumulated by long-term use of language and are quintessence to language.Because ...Language is the carrier of culture,loaded with specific cultural information.Idioms can most reflect folk custom.Idioms are shaped and accumulated by long-term use of language and are quintessence to language.Because of different geographic environment,history,religion,economic and political reasons,Western people have formed their unique diet idioms.This paper first introduces the definition and characteristics of diet idioms.Then,through the method of case analysis,it probes into the culture behind diet idioms and tries to deepen the understanding of the diet idioms.This paper also aims at improving the competence of intercultural communication in terms of language.展开更多
Pattern separation keeps items distinct in memory and is mediated by the hippocampus.A relationship between hippocampal function and diet quality has been suggested by findings in both humans and animals.In the presen...Pattern separation keeps items distinct in memory and is mediated by the hippocampus.A relationship between hippocampal function and diet quality has been suggested by findings in both humans and animals.In the present study,rats were fed over seven generations a diet containing increased amounts of sugar and saturated fatty acids,reduced levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and an increased ratio of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids(“Western”diet).Spatial pattern separation(or local discrimination)performance of these animals was compared with that of rats fed a standard diet.A separation-dependent difference between the standard and Western diet groups was found in the number of discriminations performed in the pattern separation task,with rats of the“Western”group performing fewer discriminations.The present results suggest that behavioral assessment of spatial pattern separation can detect effects of dietary interventions in rats and that pattern separation can be impaired by transgenerational administration of a“Western”diet.Future studies should determine which components of this diet induce the memory impairments related to the hippocampus.The translational relevance of these findings in regard to mental disorders such as dementia and depression needs to be investigated.展开更多
Colorectal cancer represents the third most common and the second deadliest type of cancer for both men and women in the United States claiming over 50000 lives in 2014. The 5-year survival rate for patients diagnosed...Colorectal cancer represents the third most common and the second deadliest type of cancer for both men and women in the United States claiming over 50000 lives in 2014. The 5-year survival rate for patients diagnosed with metastatic colon and rectal cancer is < 15%. Early detection and more effective treatments are urgently needed to reduce morbidity and mortality of patients afflicted with this disease. Here we will review the risk factors and current treatment paradigms for colorectal cancer, with an emphasis on the role of chemoprevention as they relate to epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) blockade. We will discuss how various EGFR ligands are upregulated in the presence of Western diets high in saturated and N-6 polyunsaturated fats. We will also outline the various mechanisms of EGFR inhibition that are induced by naturally occurring chemopreventative agents such as ginseng, green tea, and curcumin. Finally, we will discuss the current role of targeted chemotherapy in colon cancer and outline the limitations of our current treatment options, describing mechanisms of resistance and escape.展开更多
Background: Physical activity(PA) and diet are 2 lifestyle factors that affect cardiometabolic risk. However, data on how a high-fat highcarbohydrate(HFHC) diet influences the effect of different intensities of PA on ...Background: Physical activity(PA) and diet are 2 lifestyle factors that affect cardiometabolic risk. However, data on how a high-fat highcarbohydrate(HFHC) diet influences the effect of different intensities of PA on cardiometabolic health and cardiovascular function in a controlled setting are yet to be fully established. This study investigated the effect of sedentary behavior, light-intensity training(LIT), and high-intensity interval training(HIIT) on cardiometabolic markers and vascular and cardiac function in HFHC-fed adult rats.Methods: Twelve-week-old Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups(12 rats/group): control(CTL), sedentary(SED), LIT, and HIIT.Biometric indices, glucose and lipid control, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, vascular reactivity, and cardiac electrophysiology of the experimental groups were examined after 12 weeks of HFHC-diet feeding and PA interventions.Results: The SED group had slower cardiac conduction(p = 0.0426) and greater thoracic aortic contractile responses(p < 0.05) compared with the CTL group. The LIT group showed improved cardiac conduction compared with the SED group(p = 0.0003), and the HIIT group showed decreased mesenteric artery contractile responses compared with all other groups and improved endothelium-dependent mesenteric artery relaxation compared with the LIT group(both p < 0.05). The LIT and HIIT groups had lower visceral(p = 0.0057 for LIT, p = 0.0120 for HIIT)and epididymal fat(p < 0.0001 for LIT, p = 0.0002 for HIIT) compared with the CTL group.Conclusion: LIT induced positive adaptations on fat accumulation and cardiac conduction, and HIIT induced a positive effect on fat accumulation,mesenteric artery contraction, and endothelium-dependent relaxation. No other differences were observed between groups. These findings suggest that few positive health effects can be achieved through LIT and HIIT when consuming a chronic and sustained HFHC diet.展开更多
Background: The modern dietary habit, which is rich in refined carbohydrates and saturated fats, increases the risk of chronic diseases due to the proinflammatory effect of these nutrients. Aim: To evaluate the impact...Background: The modern dietary habit, which is rich in refined carbohydrates and saturated fats, increases the risk of chronic diseases due to the proinflammatory effect of these nutrients. Aim: To evaluate the impact of high sugar-fat diet in the development of metabolic-inflammatory disorders in non-obese animals. Methods: Male Wistar rats were distributed into two groups according to the diet: control and high sugar-fat for 30 weeks. It was analyzed: dietary efficiency;chow, water and caloric intake;metabolic and hormonal profile in plasma and inflammatory cytokines in epididymal adipose tissue. Data were compared by Student’s t test or by Mann-Whitney U test with p Results: HSF presented lower chow intake, higher water consumption and dietary efficiency with no difference in the caloric intake. The final body weight (FBW) and weight gain (WG) were lower in the HSF group and there was no difference in the adiposity index (AI). HSF diet-induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia with no difference for Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Triglycerides, uric acid, adiponectin and leptin levels were higher in the HSF group. The HSF group showed increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumoral necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in epidydimal adipose tissue. The urinary protein-creatinine ratio and albuminuria were higher in the HSF group. Conclusion: HSF diet intake is directly involved in the development of metabolic-inflammatory disorders independent of obesity, dissociating the view that increased adiposity is the major risk factor for complications commonly found in obese individuals.展开更多
Different countries have different cultures. Understanding the differences between Chinese and western culture will help us to communicate with each other better. From three aspects, this paper mainly compares the dif...Different countries have different cultures. Understanding the differences between Chinese and western culture will help us to communicate with each other better. From three aspects, this paper mainly compares the differences between Chinese and western culture.展开更多
文摘Language is the carrier of culture,loaded with specific cultural information.Idioms can most reflect folk custom.Idioms are shaped and accumulated by long-term use of language and are quintessence to language.Because of different geographic environment,history,religion,economic and political reasons,Western people have formed their unique diet idioms.This paper first introduces the definition and characteristics of diet idioms.Then,through the method of case analysis,it probes into the culture behind diet idioms and tries to deepen the understanding of the diet idioms.This paper also aims at improving the competence of intercultural communication in terms of language.
文摘Pattern separation keeps items distinct in memory and is mediated by the hippocampus.A relationship between hippocampal function and diet quality has been suggested by findings in both humans and animals.In the present study,rats were fed over seven generations a diet containing increased amounts of sugar and saturated fatty acids,reduced levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and an increased ratio of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids(“Western”diet).Spatial pattern separation(or local discrimination)performance of these animals was compared with that of rats fed a standard diet.A separation-dependent difference between the standard and Western diet groups was found in the number of discriminations performed in the pattern separation task,with rats of the“Western”group performing fewer discriminations.The present results suggest that behavioral assessment of spatial pattern separation can detect effects of dietary interventions in rats and that pattern separation can be impaired by transgenerational administration of a“Western”diet.Future studies should determine which components of this diet induce the memory impairments related to the hippocampus.The translational relevance of these findings in regard to mental disorders such as dementia and depression needs to be investigated.
文摘Colorectal cancer represents the third most common and the second deadliest type of cancer for both men and women in the United States claiming over 50000 lives in 2014. The 5-year survival rate for patients diagnosed with metastatic colon and rectal cancer is < 15%. Early detection and more effective treatments are urgently needed to reduce morbidity and mortality of patients afflicted with this disease. Here we will review the risk factors and current treatment paradigms for colorectal cancer, with an emphasis on the role of chemoprevention as they relate to epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) blockade. We will discuss how various EGFR ligands are upregulated in the presence of Western diets high in saturated and N-6 polyunsaturated fats. We will also outline the various mechanisms of EGFR inhibition that are induced by naturally occurring chemopreventative agents such as ginseng, green tea, and curcumin. Finally, we will discuss the current role of targeted chemotherapy in colon cancer and outline the limitations of our current treatment options, describing mechanisms of resistance and escape.
基金supported by the Strategic Research Scholarship grant from Central Queensland University (CQU)in part supported by CQU Health CRNsupported by a Future Leader Fellowship (ID 100029) from the National Heart Foundation of Australia
文摘Background: Physical activity(PA) and diet are 2 lifestyle factors that affect cardiometabolic risk. However, data on how a high-fat highcarbohydrate(HFHC) diet influences the effect of different intensities of PA on cardiometabolic health and cardiovascular function in a controlled setting are yet to be fully established. This study investigated the effect of sedentary behavior, light-intensity training(LIT), and high-intensity interval training(HIIT) on cardiometabolic markers and vascular and cardiac function in HFHC-fed adult rats.Methods: Twelve-week-old Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups(12 rats/group): control(CTL), sedentary(SED), LIT, and HIIT.Biometric indices, glucose and lipid control, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, vascular reactivity, and cardiac electrophysiology of the experimental groups were examined after 12 weeks of HFHC-diet feeding and PA interventions.Results: The SED group had slower cardiac conduction(p = 0.0426) and greater thoracic aortic contractile responses(p < 0.05) compared with the CTL group. The LIT group showed improved cardiac conduction compared with the SED group(p = 0.0003), and the HIIT group showed decreased mesenteric artery contractile responses compared with all other groups and improved endothelium-dependent mesenteric artery relaxation compared with the LIT group(both p < 0.05). The LIT and HIIT groups had lower visceral(p = 0.0057 for LIT, p = 0.0120 for HIIT)and epididymal fat(p < 0.0001 for LIT, p = 0.0002 for HIIT) compared with the CTL group.Conclusion: LIT induced positive adaptations on fat accumulation and cardiac conduction, and HIIT induced a positive effect on fat accumulation,mesenteric artery contraction, and endothelium-dependent relaxation. No other differences were observed between groups. These findings suggest that few positive health effects can be achieved through LIT and HIIT when consuming a chronic and sustained HFHC diet.
文摘Background: The modern dietary habit, which is rich in refined carbohydrates and saturated fats, increases the risk of chronic diseases due to the proinflammatory effect of these nutrients. Aim: To evaluate the impact of high sugar-fat diet in the development of metabolic-inflammatory disorders in non-obese animals. Methods: Male Wistar rats were distributed into two groups according to the diet: control and high sugar-fat for 30 weeks. It was analyzed: dietary efficiency;chow, water and caloric intake;metabolic and hormonal profile in plasma and inflammatory cytokines in epididymal adipose tissue. Data were compared by Student’s t test or by Mann-Whitney U test with p Results: HSF presented lower chow intake, higher water consumption and dietary efficiency with no difference in the caloric intake. The final body weight (FBW) and weight gain (WG) were lower in the HSF group and there was no difference in the adiposity index (AI). HSF diet-induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia with no difference for Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Triglycerides, uric acid, adiponectin and leptin levels were higher in the HSF group. The HSF group showed increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumoral necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in epidydimal adipose tissue. The urinary protein-creatinine ratio and albuminuria were higher in the HSF group. Conclusion: HSF diet intake is directly involved in the development of metabolic-inflammatory disorders independent of obesity, dissociating the view that increased adiposity is the major risk factor for complications commonly found in obese individuals.
文摘Different countries have different cultures. Understanding the differences between Chinese and western culture will help us to communicate with each other better. From three aspects, this paper mainly compares the differences between Chinese and western culture.
