Simple Metrics for Representing East Asian Winter Monsoon Variability:Urals Blocking and Western Pacific Teleconnection Patterns

Instead of conventional East Asian winter monsoon indices （EAWMIs）, we simply use two large-scale teleconnection patterns to represent long-term variations in the EAWM. First, the Urals blocking pattern index （UBI） is closely related to cold air advection from the high latitudes towards western Siberia, such that it shows an implicit linkage with the Siberian high intensity and the surface air temperature （SAT） variations north of 40°N in the EAWM region. Second, the well-known western Pacific teleconnection index （WPI） is connected with the meridional displacement of the East Asian jet stream and the East Asian trough. This is strongly related to the SAT variations in the coastal area south of 40°N in the EAWM region. The temperature variation in the EAWM region is also represented by the two dominant temperature modes, which are called the northern temperature mode （NTM） and the southern temperature mode （STM）. Compared to 19 existing EAWMIs and other well-known teleconnection patterns, the UBI shows the strongest correlation with the NTM, while the WPI shows an equally strong correlation with the STM as four EAWMIs. The UBI-NTM and WPI-STM relationships are robust when the correlation analysis is repeated by （1） the 31-year running correlation and （2） the 8-year high-pass and low-pass filter. Hence, these results are useful for analyzing the large-scale teleconnections of the EAWM and for evaluating this issue in climate models. Int particular, more studies should focus on the teleconnection patterns over extratropical Eurasia.

Gross domestic product and dietary pattern among 49 western countries with a focus on polyamine intake

Socioeconomic status is known to affect dietary profile, and differences in food habits and choice may affect polyamine intake due to significant variations in the concentrations of the polyamines spermine, spermidine, and putrescine present in different foods. The relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) and dietary profile, with a focus on polyamine intake, was investigated for 49 different European and other Western countries. The data for food supply and GDP were collected from the database of the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund, respectively, and the amount of polyamine intake from food was estimated using polyamine concentrations listed in published sources. Countries were divided equally according to GDP values into two categories, higher and lower, and the amount and composition of food polyamines as well as dietary profile were compared. Higher GDP countries supply animal products and seafood in greater amounts than lower GDP countries;however, whole milk supply per calorie was higher in lower GDP than higher GDP countries. While crops supply was relatively higher in lower GDP countries, fruit supply was greater in higher GDP countries. Higher GDP was associated with increased amount of spermine and putrescine per total calorie, although spermidine amount per calorie was similar between higher and lower GDP countries. GDP, as an indicator of countries’ socioeconomic status, is associated with the amount and the composition of polyamines as well as dietary pattern.

Review on the Development of Western and Eastern Garment Pattern Design Technique

Due to different cultural and historical background, the technology in Western and Eastern pattern design is inherently different. Along with the development of technology, garment pattern design technique is making progress towards high effectiveness and accuracy. Many researchers proposed different alternative methodologies to improve the current pattern making processes. This article examines the development of Western and Eastern garment pattern design technique. The main objective of this article is to provide a thorough review and hence a better understanding to those researchers who made contribution on developing pattern design technique and continue their work in the future.

A Brief Comparison of Chineseand Western Thinking Patterns:Synthesis, Analysis, and Antithesis

A brief comparison of Chinese and Western thinking patterns reflects in synthesis and analysis, which including tortuous thinking pattern and straightforward thinking pattern. These two different thinking patterns influence our social life everywhere.

Technical Note on a Track-pattern-based Model for Predicting Seasonal Tropical Cyclone Activity over the Western North Pacific

Recently, the National Typhoon Center （NTC） at the Korea Meteorological Administration launched a track-pattern-based model that predicts the horizontal distribution of tropical cyclone （TC） track density from June to October. This model is the first approach to target seasonal TC track clusters covering the entire western North Pacific （WNP） basin, and may represent a milestone for seasonal TC forecasting, using a simple statistical method that can be applied at weather operation centers. In this note, we describe the procedure of the track-pattern-based model with brief technical background to provide practical information on the use and operation of the model. The model comprises three major steps. First, long-term data of WNP TC tracks reveal seven climatological track clusters. Second, the TC counts for each cluster are predicted using a hybrid statistical-dynamical method, using the seasonal prediction of large-scale environments. Third, the final forecast map of track density is constructed by merging the spatial probabilities of the seven clusters and applying necessary bias corrections. Although the model is developed to issue the seasonal forecast in mid-May, it can be applied to alternative dates and target seasons following the procedure described in this note. Work continues on establishing an automatic system for this model at the NTC.

中华优秀传统文化元素融入大学英语写作课堂的教学实践研究

中华优秀传统文化是中国人民社会主义道路自信、制度自信、文化自信的重要源泉。加强中华文化教育,是构建中华文化传承体系,推动文化创新的重要途径。该文探讨在大学英语写作课堂上,以中华优秀传统文化的基本内涵为主要学习目标,从精选写作主题、找准写作视角、掌握英文语篇写作技巧和对比中西思维方式四方面入手融入中华文化教育,实现专业知识学习与文化素质培养的无缝衔接,助力中华文化以准确、适当、得体的英语语言有效地进行国际传播,让世界更好地理解当代中国。

The Forest Pattern and Its Variation Characteristics in Economic Zone on the Western Coast of the Taiwan Straits

Taking Economic Zone on the Western Coast of the Taiwan Straits as the study area,we use GIS,remote sensing,mathematical statistics and other methods,to analyze the forest pattern and its variation characteristics in Economic Zone on the Western Coast of the Taiwan Straits during the period 1992-2008;use canonical correspondence analysis(CCA)to examine the effects of environmental factors on changes in forest pattern.The results show that the forest resources are rich in Economic Zone on the Western Coast of the Taiwan Straits,accounting for 61.40% of the total area,but the geographical distribution is very uneven,with obvious regional and elevation gradient difference;since1992,the forest has been dwindling in Economic Zone on the Western Coast of the Taiwan Straits,from 89 300 km2 in 1992 to 88 300 km2 in 2008;in terms of changes in region and elevation gradient,there is obvious difference in the forest,and the central and western forest of Wuyi Mountain tends to decline obviously;the main environmental factors influencing changes in forest pattern in Economic Zone on the Western Coast of the Taiwan Straits include temperature,sunshine hours,GDP per capita and precipitation;evaporation,evaporation and population density have weak effects on changes in forest pattern.

符号学视域下西周凤鸟纹文创产品设计研究

引入符号学概念对西周凤鸟纹与文创产品设计之间的符号联系与意义进行探究,提高文创产品的文化属性的同时,也拓宽了传统文化在当代语境下的传播路径。从符号学理论的语构、语义、语用3个方面切入,分析凤鸟纹在不断演变中始终保留的本体纹样形制,运用打散、简化、重构等艺术手法,对其形符和意符进行概括,最后通过图形推演完成产品设计。为中国传统元素的活化提供了拓展性思路,同时中国传统文化的植入提高了国风文创产品的个性和品质。通过中华传统文化与西方设计理论融合,让传统文化在现代媒介中活化的同时也为现代文创产品提供新的设计思路。

课程思政视域下西方经典建筑理论教学研究与实践探索——以建筑模式语言课程为例

高校不仅是知识技能的传播场所,更是思想教育工作的前沿阵地。当前在诸多专业领域,西方经典理论课程占据着重要的位置,若干西方先进做法也成为后发国家循迹、研修的对象。然而,部分高校教师在讲授这类课程时,存在“习惯自我否定、回避敏感要素”等一系列问题,不仅对于学生的思想、情感与道德判断造成困扰,也无法实现“价值塑造、能力培养、知识传授”三位一体的育人目标。该文以建筑设计类专业主修课程建筑模式语言为例,从多个维度、不同视角阐述西方思潮类课程思政的必要性与迫切性,继而将课程中的思政要素分门别类采用差异化的植入策略,压实授课内容并逐级深化,力求将思想政治工作贯穿教育教学的全过程,充分发挥好专业课教学课程思政“主战场”作用。

内蒙古自治区西部山地沙被空间格局及其植被调查

内蒙古西部区山地广泛分布着沙被景观,但目前学者们对于山地沙被的研究还相对较少,对山地沙被的动态、特性、功能和空间格局也还认识不足。文章采用卫星遥感和实地考察相结合的方法,对分布于内蒙古西部贺兰山、狼山和雅布赖山的山地沙被空间格局、斑块数量和植物群落特征等进行了普查和分析。结果表明:贺兰山、狼山和雅布赖山山地沙被覆盖比分别为4.68%、10.61%和24.40%,表现为越接近较大规模沙漠,山地沙被的覆盖比越大。大多数山地沙被与上游沙源地沙漠间存在地表沙被连续性,在距上游沙源地较近处的山坡、沟谷分布较多;距上游沙源地相对较远处,山地沙被具有在山谷集中分布且在相对宽阔的沟谷堆积的格局;仅有少量山地沙被呈孤岛状存在于山地基岩之上。从空间连通性上看,山地有效阻碍了沙物质向东南方向的移动;但有些区域的上游沙物质已覆被到了山谷和山坡,形成了特殊的山地沙被景观,有些区域的沙被甚至翻越了整个山地,构成了两大沙漠间的连接带。另外,山地沙被空间分布范围在年代际尺度上相对稳定。从气候和植被的角度看,贺兰山、狼山西段、雅布赖山的山地沙被属于沙漠性质,狼山东段及中段的山地沙被属于沙地性质。山地沙被上的植物群落具有沙被植物群落和山地砾化山坡植物群落的双重特征,但更倾向于沙被植物群落类型。研究结果可为内蒙古西部贺兰山、狼山和雅布赖山的生态保护、修复、开发利用和灾害防御提供理论依据。

西部陆海新通道沿线地区对外开放水平测度、格局及影响因素分析

对外开放度是衡量一个国家或地区竞争力的重要指标,也是经济发展水平的重要体现。通过构建适应西部陆海新通道沿线地区的对外开放水平测度指标体系和分析模型,对通道沿线地区对外开放水平进行测度,并对其开放度的影响因素进行分析。研究发现:西部陆海新通道沿线地区总体对外开放水平呈现着良好的增长趋势,但通道沿线地区对外开放度呈现西南地区显著高于西北地区,并形成以海南、重庆为高度开放区;广西、四川、陕西、云南为中高度开放区;新疆、西藏、内蒙古、宁夏为中度开放区;青海、甘肃、贵州为低度开放区四个等级层次的对外开放格局。实证分析发现西部陆海新通道沿线地区开放格局主要受地区经济发展水平、交通设施水平和国家开放战略的影响。

基于Landsat的生态系统格局及其变化评估研究——以吉林省西部地区为例

基于2000-2020年的3期Landsat TM/OLI影像,分析了西部地区生态系统格局及其变化情况。结果表明:通过对2000-2020年吉林省西部地区生态系统类型的分布与构成、面积变化率、转换特征的统计分析,系统地掌握了其格局状况及变化特征。评估得到:2000-2010年生态格局指标变化只有乾安县(0.85)为正向变化,上升幅度为1.71%;其余县域均为负向变化,生态格局指数减少最少为宁江区(4.27),下降幅度为8.95%。2010-2020年生态格局指标变化只有建成区的宁江区(0.07)和洮北区(0.42)为正向变化,上升幅度分别为0.15%、1.09%,其余的县域生态格局指标都减少,减少最少的为洮南市(1.82),减少幅度为3.91%。2000-2020年生态格局指标只有乾安县(0.33)为增多,增加幅度为0.67%;其余县域生态格局指标都减少,减少最少的为镇赉县(4.87),上升幅度为7.91%。生态格局为社会经济发展宏观决策和生态文明建设提供有力支撑,为维护西部地区生态安全提供科学决策依据。

Modulation of Tropical Cyclogenesis in the Western North Pacific by the Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation

The quasi-biweekly oscillation （QBWO） is the second most dominant intraseasonal mode over the westem North Pacific （WNP） during boreal summer. In this study, the modulation of WNP tropical cyclogenesis （TCG） by the QBWO and its association with large-scale patterns are investigated. A strong modulation of WNP TCG events by the QBWO is found. More TCG events occur during the QBWO＇s convectively active phase. Based on the genesis potential index （GPI）, we further evaluate the role of environmental factors in affecting WNP TCG. The positive GPI anomalies associated with the QBWO correspond well with TCG counts and locations. A large positive GPI anomaly is spatially correlated with WNP TCG events during a life cycle of the QBWO. The low-level relative vorticity and mid-level relative humidity appear to be two dominant contributors to the QBWO-composited GPI anomalies during the QBWO＇s active phase, followed by the nonlinear and potential intensity terms. These positive contributions to the GPI anomalies are partly offset by the negative contribution from the vertical wind shear. During the QBWO＇s inactive phase, the mid-level relative humidity appears to be the largest contributor, while weak contributions are also made by the nonlinear and low-level relative vorticity terms. Meanwhile, these positive contributions are partly cancelled out by the negative contribution from the potential intensity. The contributions of these environmental factors to the GPI anomalies associated with the QBWO are similar in all five flow patterns--the monsoon shear line, monsoon confluence region, monsoon gyre, easterly wave, and Rossby wave energy dispersion associated with a preexisting TC. Further analyses show that the QBWO strongly modulates the synoptic-scale wave trains （SSWs） over the WNP, with larger amplitude SSWs during the QBWO＇s active phase. This implies a possible enhanced （weakened） relationship between TCG and SSWs during the active （inactive） phase. This study improves our understanding of the modulation of WNP TCG by the QBWO and thus helps with efforts to improve the intraseasonal prediction of WNP TCG.

基于数据挖掘技术探析张锡纯治疗血证的用药规律

目的本研究采用数据挖掘技术探析张锡纯《医学衷中参西录》中治疗血证的组方用药规律,为临床治疗血证用药提供相关依据和参考。方法本研究根据纳入和排除标准选取张锡纯《医学衷中参西录》中治疗血证的病案处方52首,并将方药经数据标准化处理后录入中医传承辅助平台(V2.5)软件中进行数据分析,内容主要有药物频次、四气、五味、归经及组方规律等。结果在收集的52首处方中,涉及中药72味,其中用药频次≥6的药物有19味,使用频次前5的药物有山药、甘草、代赭石、白芍、生地黄。药物四气以寒、平、温为主。药物五味以甘、苦为主。药物归经以肺、肝、脾经为主。将支持度个数设为13,置信度设为0.8时,得到16组药物组合和16条关联规则,涉及药物6味,出现最多的3个药物组合是山药-甘草、山药-白芍、甘草-白芍。设置关联度为7、惩罚度为2,提取得到药物核心组合6组、新方组合3首。结论张锡纯治疗血证时重视从肝、肺、胃论治,强调胃气下行为顺,注重标本同治,善用扶正降逆之法,强调保护正气、阴阳同调。

Three Types of Tropical Waves Related to Tropical Cyclogenesis over the Western North Pacific

The present study applies a space-time filter to identify three dominant types of tropical waves: Madden-Julian oscillations (MJOs), equatorial Rossby (ER) waves, and tropical depression (TD)-type disturbances. The impacts of these waves on tropical cyclones (TCs) were investigated based on 131 observations during the period 2000 07. The results suggest that 72% of TC geneses were related to the joint impacts of more than one type of wave. The composites for cases in different categories reveal that TCs related to the concurrence of the three types of waves have strong and large initial vortices at the time of TC genesis. In the absence of the MJO, ERand TD-related TC genesis, embedded in easterly flow, exhibits a relatively fast initiation process and gives rise to a relatively small scale vortex. In contrast, without the ER wave contribution, TCs associated with ER and TD waves did not require strong convection at the time of genesis because an initial vortex can rapidly develop in the MJO active phase through persistent energy transfer. The MJO-related TC geneses were scattered in geographic distribution, as opposed to the clustered and eastward shift observed for genesis cases without contributions from MJOs.

中国经济学视角下的西部发展新格局

西部大开发已经取得了巨大成绩,但距离解决不平衡发展问题、全面建设社会主义现代化国家、实现共同富裕还有相当的距离。西方经济学及其在中国的改良派新供给、新结构、域观经济学都是家计学、富国策,其本意是以利为本经利济资,其结果是胜者通吃两极分化,因此不可能解决中国不平衡发展的矛盾,不可能适应贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局和实现高质量发展的需要,因而也就不可能依此实现西部大开发的目标。中国经济学的本意是以人为本经世济民,目标是实现个人的全面发展和人类可持续发展,因而是解决西部问题的根本依据。西部大开发要破除对西方经济学的迷信,以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,以中国经济学为理论依据,在观念转变和体制机制改革基础上,构建自立发展、利人发展和利物发展的新格局,具体体现为以人的全面发展为核心,以人与自然协调发展为前提,以地区经济实现自循环为基础,以融入国内大循环为主导,以参与并引领周边国家共同循环为补充,为共享发展、共同富裕起示范和带头作用。这样一种发展格局要求在处理好乡村振兴与新型城镇化、产业发展与生态保护、人的全面发展与城市优先发展三个方面关系的基础上,体现出以人为本全面发展、利用优势不唯优势、人才引领数字提升、重视研发深度挖掘、内外一体共同发展五个方面的特点。

区域视角下的福建客家传统村落空间特征

【目的】福建西部(简称闽西)因客家的聚居而成为一个独特的文化区,福建客家传统村落是在客家文化和闽西地理环境的双重影响下所形成的物质空间,对其进行研究可填补福建传统村落区域群体类型的研究空白,并促进福建客家传统村落的区域保护与利用。【方法】采用ArcGIS空间分析工具、空间分维值和边界形状指数2种空间形态分析方法,通过民居类型、地形坡度、海拔高度、河流特征、村落空间、村落形态等村落特征信息,对闽西138个客家传统村落进行群体性研究。【结果】发现闽西客家传统村落在同一文化背景下呈现地理空间分异状态。并从3个方面进一步揭示客家文化与闽西客家传统村落空间特征的关联性:村落对自然环境空间的被动适应体现了迁徙属性;村落空间的高致密化体现了移垦属性;村落形态的强凝聚性体现了宗族属性。【结论】揭示了客家文化影响下的闽西客家传统村落的空间特征和形成逻辑,为福建客家传统村落的保护与建设提供理论支撑,有利于推动福建客家传统村落保护从单一保护向区域群体保护的发展,并构建一个均衡的闽西客家传统村落保护体系。

2000—2018年西秦岭景观格局变化及生态系统健康评价

西秦岭地区生态环境脆弱,人地矛盾日益加剧,区域景观格局变化及其生态系统健康演变趋势关系到区域生态安全。研究探讨2000—2018年西秦岭景观格局和生态系统健康状况的时空演变,采用2000—2018年的遥感数据,分析西秦岭的景观格局及其演变;并且在活力-组织力-反弹力(VOR)框架模型的基础上,结合生态系统服务能力和人类胁迫指标,分析西秦岭的生态系统健康状态及变化趋势。研究结果表明:西秦岭有三种优势景观,包括林地、耕地和草地,2000—2018年景观类型转移主要发生在这三者的互相转换;城镇用地的面积也处于增加的态势且增势较大。西秦岭景观扩张是通过大量小规模零散的斑块扩张实现的。由于秦岭生态保护的加强,西秦岭的景观异质性和破碎化程度在2005年出现转折点,景观类型呈均衡发展趋势。研究区超过60%面积的地区生态景观属于健康状态,且2000—2018年西秦岭的生态系统健康指数呈增加态势,生态系统的状态逐渐向好发展,但西秦岭的高寒山地以及秦岭与黄土高原复合边缘地带的生态脆弱区处于亚健康或不健康状态。研究成果对西秦岭生态脆弱敏感地带的生态保护与治理具有重要意义。

2022年夏季中国高温的环流异常特征

基于美国国家海洋和大气管理局(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA)全球范围扩展重建海面温度资料第5版本(Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature version 5,ERSSTv5),以及美国国家环境预报中心和国家大气研究中心NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)/NCAR(National Center for Atmospheric Research)逐月全球再分析资料,采用相关、回归、合成及物理量诊断等方法,对2022年夏季中国大范围高温相关环流异常的可能成因进行了分析。结果表明:(1)2022年夏季南亚高压偏强并分别向东、西方向扩展,西太平洋副热带高压(以下简称“副高”)异常偏强西伸。2022夏季为拉尼娜(La Nina)年,但热带大西洋垂直上升环流相对西太平洋更强,且热带印度洋到西太平洋热带垂直上升环流异常也偏强。(2)2022年热带大西洋、印度洋到西太平洋上空垂直环流异常和La Nina共同作用,使得夏季南亚高压和西太平洋副高极端异常。La Nina和印度洋到西太平洋垂直环流异常有利于南亚高压和西太平洋副高的偏强西伸;热带大西洋环流异常则既有利于南亚高压的加强及东扩,也有利于西太平洋副高偏强西伸。(3)印度洋到西太平洋垂直环流主要通过局地经向哈得来(Hadley)环流影响青藏高原到中国东部的环流异常,表现为青藏高原到中国东部中低层为显著的辐散异常;热带大西洋则通过引起纬向风异常(急流异常),激发遥相关波列并向下游传播,进而影响青藏高原到中国东部地区的环流异常。

川西高原北部地区蚂蚁物种分布格局研究

为了揭示川西高原地区蚂蚁物种分布规律,本文采用样地调查法研究川西高原北部蚂蚁物种分布格局。结果表明:川西高原北部地区共栖息着35种蚂蚁,隶属于4亚科17属;四川凹唇蚁Formica sentschuensis Ruzsky、丝光蚁F.fuscaLinnaeus、科氏红蚁Myrmica kozlovi Ruzsky和吉市红蚁M.jessensis Forel是川西高原北部分布最广泛、适应性最强的物种;蚂蚁对栖息生境、觅食和筑巢场所等微生境均表现出明显的选择分化,其中阔叶林的物种最丰富;觅食场所中,以地表觅食最丰富;筑巢场所多以石下筑巢和土壤筑巢为主。蚂蚁物种的分布格局主要与物种的适应能力有关,同时还受海拔、植被和人为因素的干扰。研究结果对丰富和完善我国西南山地的蚂蚁多样性具有重要意义。