Styrax, Emperor’s Cream from the Western Regions

Styrax is also called“emperor’s cream”and“consciousness-regaining spice.”The alias“emperor’s cream”shows its rarity and preciousness with a strong aroma,and another name of“consciousness-regaining spice”implies its functions of active brain and regaining consciousness,dispelling filth with aroma,and relieving pain.The name of“Styrax”displays its complex productive progress and place of origin.With thick quality,heavyweight,and fragrant smell,Styrax gets further application in beauty,skin care,clothes fumigating,and health keeping after introduced into the Central Plains(central China)from the Western Regions.The name of Styrax not only embodies the mellow appeal of spice culture in the Western Regions but also suggests the history of relationship between foreign culture and traditional Chinese medicine.Furthermore,it indicates the broad mind of“all rivers running into sea”and inclusiveness of Chinese culture.

Frontier of Military Defense Buildings in the Western Regions of the Han and Tang Dynasties Based on CiteSpace

Under the guidance of the “the Belt and Road” policy, the academic community continues to study the historical relics of the western regions and military facilities along the silk road in recent years. Focusing on the military defense buildings in the western regions of the Han and Tang Dynasties, CiteSpace software is used to conduct statistical and visual analysis on the hot issues of relevant literature in the military buildings on the silk road. Based on the analysis of frontier hot issues, the research trend of future topics is analyzed and predicted. The research shows that the frontier hot spots of military architecture in the western regions of Han and Tang Dynasties are extensive, and the research trend is steadily rising.

Eurasia Continental Bridge——An Important Link of the Coordinated Development between China's Eastern,Central and Western Regions

The new Eurasia Continental Bridgeruns from East China to Central andWest China, crossing 11 provincesand regions, namely Jiangsu, Shandong,Hubei, Anhui, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanxi,Sichuan, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Ningxia.The total area is 3.6 million sq km and thepopulation is about 300 million, accountingfor a third and a quarter of the whole countryrespectively. The area is very rich in naturalresources, so it is called an "Economic goldbelt" and "Gold corridor". Aerial remote-control survey indicates that along thecontinental bridge from Lianyungang to theAla Mountains within China’s boundary,

Maqianzi (马钱子 Strychnos), A Poisonous Medicinal Native to the Western Regions

Maqianzi(马钱子Strychnos)is also called“Fanmubie(番木鳖),"“Kushi(苦实)”and“QianJi drug(牵机药).”The alias“Fanmubie”shows its origin and its characteristics.The name of“Kushi”implies its taste and flavor.“Qianji Drug vividly shows the clinical manifestations of the poisoning of Maqianzi.The name of“Maqianzi”is the comprehensive display of its characteristic,toxicity,etc.,Maqianzi is famous for its poison,which is often used in the treatment of various intractable diseases.It shows the poison Culture in the Western Regions,meanwhile it also displays the unique charm of Traditional herbs in transforming poison into treasure.

Six Measures to Support Development in Western Regions

On August 20, 2009, the State Council adopted the Guidelines on Maintaining the Steady and Relatively Fast Economic Development of Western Regions in Coping With the International Financial Crisis (the Guidelines).

Scattered Rural Settlements and Development of Mountainous Regions in Western Sichuan,China

Making rural settlements of Mountainous Regions in Western Sichuan as the study objects and using symbolic statistical methods, then combining the case study of Daofu County, the paper analyzes the negative impact of the scattered rural settlements on infrastructure construction, farmers＇ income increase and mountain ecological reconstruction in mountainous regions of western Sichuan. The results indicate that economic density is positively related to both rural settlements density （R^2=0.73） and rural population density （R^2=0.77）, and it is the same for relationship between towns density and rural settlements density （R^2=0.88） and between towns density and economic density （R^2=0.71）, and the scattered distribution pattern of the rural settlements and shortage of economic centers is a major factor to the lagged socioeconomic development. On the eco-economic zoning to Daofu County, the paper indicates the spatial distribution model and the industrial development model of the rural settlements need to be changed, and rural population should be concentrated in larger rural settlements with development of off-farm industries while infrastructure construction is to reinforced.

THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN A MULTI-CULTURAL BACKGROUND──The Studies of Minority Regions in the Western China

China is a country with many nationalities. Each of them has formed its own special culture, which is different from the mainstream of majority Han nationality, by adapting to geo-environment during history. Due to different backgrounds, the regional developmental model of minorities in the western China is different from the Han nationality and western countries. Combining a knowledge-based civilization and sustainable development, the minority areas can seek the systematic integration of culture-economy-ecology. Based on this, the paper suggests that the minority areas in western China should take the way of emphasizing developmental quality rather than developmental quantity for a harmonious system of culture-economy-ecology. Some approaches for developing minority areas in western China have been put foreword.

China Powers Up Hydropower Construction in Western Region

This paper introduces the abundant hydropower resources in western region in China, the role hydropower will play in the extensive development of western region, the finished reconstruction activities, as well as the basic thought and near and long term targets on western hydropower development.

A New Chronological Report of the Hongshi Breccia-Host Gold Deposit in the Western Qinling Region,China

Objective The western Qinling belongs to the western part of the Qinling-Dabie-Sulu orogen between the North China Block and South China Block. Multiple orogenic events might be responsible for different types of gold mineralization, making the western Qinling gold region one of the most important gold metallogenic belts in China. This region has demonstrated a total gold resource of 〉500 t and more than ten gold deposits with gold resource of 〉20 t. Almost all gold deposits in the western Qinling gold region can be classified into two distinct genetic types as orogenic （such as the Shuangwang,

Abbreviated Report of the WHO Western Pacific Region Workshop on National Plans of Action for Nutrition: Key Elements for Success, Constraints and Future Plans

A workshop on National Plans of Action for Nutrition: Constraints, Key Elements for Success, and Future Plans was convened and organized by the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific in collaboration with the Institute for Medical Research Malaysia and co sponsored with FAO and UNICEF from 25—29 October 1999. It was attended by representatives of 25 countries in the region and resource persons, representatives from WHO and other international agencies. The objectives of the workshop were to review the progress of countries in developing, implementing and monitoring national plans of action for nutrition (NPANs) in the Western Pacific Region and to identify constraints and key elements of success in these efforts. Most of the countries have NPANs, either approved and implemented or awaiting official endorsement. The Plan formulation is usually multisectoral, involving several government ministries, non governmental organizations, and international agencies. Often official adoption or endorsement of the Plan comes from the head of state and cabinet or the minister of health, one to six years from the start of its formulation. The NPAN has stimulated support for the development and implementation of nutrition projects and activities, with comparatively greater involvement of and more support from government ministries, UN agencies and non-governmental agencies compared to local communities, bilateral and private sectors and research and academic institutions. Monitoring and evaluation are important components of NPANs. They are, however, not given high priority and often not built into the plan. The role of an intersectoral coordinating body is considered crucial to a country's nutrition program. Most countries have an intersectoral structure or coordinating body to ensure the proper implementation, monitoring and evaluation of their NPANs. The workshop identified the constraints and key elements of success in each of the four stages of the NPAN process: development, operationalization, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Constraints to the NPAN process relate to the political and socioeconomic environment, resource scarcity, control and management processes, and factors related to sustainability. The group's review of NPAN identified successful NPANs as those based on recent, adequate and good quality information on the nutritional situation of the country, and on the selection of strategies, priorities and interventions that are relevant to the country and backed up by adequate resources. Continued high level political commitment, a multisectoral approach, and adequate participation of local communities are other key elements for success. The participants agreed on future actions and support needed from various sources for the further development, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of their NPANs. The recommendations for future actions were categorized into actions pertaining to countries with working NPAN, actions for countries without working NPAN and actions relevant to all countries. There was also a set of suggested actions at the regional level, such as holding of regular regional NPAN evaluation meetings, inclusion of NPAN on the agenda of regional fora by the regional organizations, and strengthening of regional nutrition networks.

Characteristics of crustal variation and extensional break-up in the Western Pacific back-arc region based on a wide-angle seismic profile

The marginal sea and back-arc basins in the Western Pacific Ocean have become the focus of tectonics due to their unique tectonic location.To understand the deep crustal structure in the back-arc region,we present a 545-kmlong active-source ocean bottom seismometer(OBS)wide-angle reflection/refraction profile in the East China Sea.The P wave velocity model shows that the Moho depth rises significantly,from approximately 30 km in the East China Sea shelf to approximately 16 km in the axis of the Okinawa Trough.The lower crustal high-velocity zone(HVZ)in the southern Okinawa Trough,with V_(p) of 6.8-7.3 km/s,is a remarkable manifestation of the mantle material upwelling and accretion to the lower crust.This confirms that the lower crustal high-velocity mantle accretion is developed in the southern Okinawa Trough.During the process of back-arc extension,the crustal structure of the southern Okinawa Trough is completely invaded and penetrated by the upper mantle material in the axis region.In some areas of the southern central graben,the crust may has broken up and entered the initial stage of seafloor spreading.The discontinuous HVZs in the lower crust in the back-arc region also indicate the migration of spreading centers in the back-arc region since the Cenozoic.The asthenosphere material upwelling in the continent-ocean transition zone is constantly driving the lithosphere eastward for episodic extension,and is causing evident tectonic migration in the Western Pacific back-arc region.

Research on central village selection in western underdeveloped region:a case study of Lidian Town,Jingning County,Gansu Province,China

Central village selection is the priority of small town construction.Depending on the development potential analysis,classification analysis,and quantitative and qualitative analysis,this article systematically proposes the specific methods of central village selection and also constructs the indicator system used in central village selection in small towns of western underdeveloped region in China.The article also puts forward ideas and methods for selection of central village in the western underdeveloped region through an empirical research on Lidian Town,Jingning County,Gansu Province.In the final part,suggestions and recommendations on how to develop central village for Lidian Town are made.

Tuntian System in Miao Region of Western Hunan in Independent Subprefecture Period

After the Miao insurgence in the Qianlong and Jiaqing periods,the government of Qing Dynasty directly raised four separate subprefectures to the independent subprefecture( Zhili Ting),and the state power penetrated into villages of Miao People. The success of this strategy lies in adjustment of Qing government to taxation mode in Miao Region of Western Hunan,which formed the taxation mechanism dependent on Tuntian system. This has both the background of the times and the foresight and sagacity of designers,and shows unique rationalist spirit of the Confucian culture.

Promoting East-West Interaction Exclusive interview with Dr.Cao Yushu,Deputy Director of the Office of the Leading Group for Western Region Development at the State Council

Economic growth and environmental "friendliness" are the dual missions of China's grand western development. In the past eight years,China has seen the gap between eastern and western regions still widening while also taking on the arduous task of protecting nature,ecology and environment in the western region. How has western development fared in the past eight years? What difficulties and challenges are being encountered? The development of the western region poses the single greatest difficulty facing China's regional economic development,but how can we advance along a "sound and fast" development path? The establishment of economic zones in Chengdu and Chongqing,Guanzhong and North Bay has opened up new possibilities and expectations for western China's economic development.

Historical temporal variation in precipitation over Western Himalayan Region：1857-2006

This study has examined the temporal variation in monthly, seasonal & annual precipitation over the Western Himalayan Region(WHR) and the influence of global teleconnections, like the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO) and Southern Oscillation(SO) Indices on seasonal & annual precipitation. The Mann–Kendall non-parametric test is applied for trend detection and the Pettitt–Mann–Whitney test is used to detect possible shift. Maximum entropy spectral analysis is applied to find the periodicity in annual & seasonal precipitation. The study shows a non-significant decreasing trend in annual precipitation over WHR for the period 1857-2006. However, in seasonal precipitation, a significant decreasing trend is observed in monsoon and a significant increasing trend in post-monsoon season during the same period. The significant decrease in monsoon precipitation may be due to weakening of its teleconnection with NAO as well as SO Indices mainly during last three decades. It is observed that the probable change of year in annual & monsoon precipitation over WHR is 1979. The study also shows significant periodicities of 2.3-2.9 years and of 3.9-4.7 years in annual & seasonal precipitation over WHR.

Green transformation path of resources-based enterprises in the western region:A case study of Panjiang Group Co.,Ltd.

With the exploitation of non-renewable natural resources in the traditional resource-based enterprises,the resources-waste,environmental pollution and ecological destruction are becoming more and more serious.Under the background of ecological civilization construction,the green transformation of resource-based enterprises in the western region is extremely urgent.Through the review of related literatures,based on sustainable development theory and dynamic capability theory,the paper study the basic characteristics and difficulties of western resource-based enterprises,and analyze the ecological network and basic path of enterprise.Combined with the actual case,this study analyzes the motivation,conditions,restrictive factors and transition path of resource-based enterprises green transformation in the western regions and then puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for the realization of resource-based enterprises green transformation.