Determination of the Anti-Adhesive and Anti-Biofilm Capacity of a Wheat Extract on <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>in Farms

The formation of biofilm by pathogenic microorganisms has become a problem in the livestock industry since it is considered a potential source of infection for farm animals while increasing microbial resistance to physical and chemical agents. Some plant extracts, such as soluble wheat extract, have been shown to be effective in inhibiting or destroying the biofilm of certain micro-organisms under specific conditions. The objective of this study is to evaluate the capacity of the pathogen to form biofilm on different surfaces used in livestock, as well as to evaluate the anti-biofilm capacity of the soluble wheat extract against S. aureus on these surfaces. The inhibition potential of inhibition or destruction of biofilm was tested in vitro. Wheat extract at a concentration of 0.29 mg/100mL showed anti-biofilm activity on S. aureus, inhibiting its formation, as well as destroying it greatly after a contact time of 24 hours, on those surfaces where the microorganism presents more adhesion capacity.

A Simple and Quick Method of Extracting Genomic DNA from Wheat Leaves

[ Objective] The aim was to seek a simple and quick method of extracting genomic DNA from wheat leaves. [ Method] Taking tender leaves of wheat as test materials, total DNA of transgenic wheat was extracted by using modified CTAB method. The extracted DNA was detected by 0.8% agarose gel electrophoresis. [ Result] DNA purity of extracted genome DNA from wheat was high and no degradation phenomenon using modified CTAB method, and was suitable for carrying out normal PCR amplification. [ Conclusion] This study provides a simple and quick method for extracting DNA from wheat with a spot of material.

Toxicity and Antifeedant Activity of Extracts from Walnut Green Husk against Wheat Aphid

[Objective] The research aimed to study the toxicity and antifeedant activity of walnut green husk extract on wheat aphid. [Method] Using ultrasonic extraction, 5 kinds of different polarity solvents were used to prepare the extracts from walnut green husk. The toxicity and antifeedant activity on wheat aphid were determined, [ Result ] Walnut green husk extracts in the solvent of ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate had higher toxicity and antifeedant activity on wheat aphid. When the concentration was 100 mg/ml, after 24 h, the toxicity and antifeedant activity of three kinds extracts on wheat aphid were greater than 84.35% and 66.98%, respectively. After 48 h, the toxicity and antifeedant activity were greater than 85.91% and 79.34%, respectively. Among 5 kinds extracts,ethanol extracts had the highest toxicity and antifeedant activity on wheat aphid. After 24 h, the corrected mortality rate was 93.64% and the antifeedant rate was 83.61%. After 48 h,the corrected mortality rate was 94.95% and antifeedant rate was 92.21%. Petroleum ether extract had the smallest toxicity and antifeedant activity on wheat aphid. After 24 h,the corrected mortality rate and antifeedant rate were 19.54% and 34.65%, respectively. After 48 h,the corrected mortality rate and antifeedant rate were 20.13% and 39. 03%, respectively. [ Conclsion] The extracts from walnut green husk with larger polarity solvent had better toxicity and higher antifeedant activity on wheat aphid.

Antitumor Activities and Apoptosis-regulated Mechanisms of Fermented Wheat Germ Extract in the Transplantation Tumor Model of Human HT-29 Cells in Nude Mice

Objective A subcutaneous transplantation tumor model of human HT-29 cells in nude mice was established to evaluate anticarcinogenic activities, and the apoptosis-regulated mechanism effect of aqueous extract of fermented wheat germ with Lactobacillus plantarum dy-1 （LFWGE）. Methods The HT-29 cells were transplanted via subcutaneous injection of 1×10^7cells into the right flank of each nude mouse. Then, nude mice were treated for 30 d with LFWGE （high-dose 2 g/kg/d; low-dose 1 g/kg/d） and for 7 d with 5-fluorouracil （5-FU, 25 mg/kg/d） by gavage and intraperitoneal injection, respectively. An inhibition of tumor growth was observed. Results Tumor volume and weights decreased significantly in both groups of nude mice treated with LFWGE. In addition, the cell apoptosis rate of the LFWGE group （2 g/kg/d, 60.2%＋4.4%; 1 g/kg/d, 58.6%＋6.9%） was significantly higher than that of the control group （11.5%＋1.6%） and 5-FU group （32.1%＋3.5%） as measured by the TUNEL assay. Moreover, the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot method further confirmed these enhancing apoptosis and growth inhibition effects. The involvement of LFWGE in inducing apoptosis was confirmed by the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and CyclinD1. Conclusion The results showed that LFWGE could induce subcutaneous transplantation tumor apoptosis in nude mice and could be as a natural nutrient supplements or chemopreventive agent in the treatment of human colon cancer.

Improved Recovery of Erythropoietin and Darbepoetin from Equine Plasma by the Application of a Wheat Germ Agglutinin Mediated Pre-Extraction Prior to Immunoaffinity Chromatography

We describe a two-step method that uses wheat germ agglutinin immobilized on Sepharose gel followed by immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) to extract recombinant human erythropoietin and Darbepoetin from equine plasma. Lectin affinity chromatography was shown to be an effective approach for isolating these epoetins from plasma and in combination with IAC;this method gave superior recovery when compared to the use of the latter technique alone. Moreover, due to the ease with which it can be scaled up, it is particularly well suited for pre-concentrating larger volumes of samples prior to IAC and this provides a facile way of improving the overall sensitivity with which these foreign proteins can be detected in equine plasma.

超声法与微波法提取小麦麸皮总黄酮的工艺及抗氧化活性比较

采用超声法和微波法提取小麦麸皮总黄酮,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定最佳提取工艺,并比较这两种方法的提取效果及总黄酮的抗氧化活性。结果表明,超声提取法的最佳条件为料液比1∶14 g/mL、70%乙醇、提取25 min,总黄酮提取率为1.082 mg/g。微波提取法的最佳工艺为料液比1∶18 g/mL、80%乙醇、提取40 s,总黄酮提取率为1.522 mg/g。微波法提取率明显高于超声法。在试验浓度范围内,超声法提取的总黄酮对DPPH自由基的清除能力较强,显著优于VC和微波法。

基于垄间背景剔除优化小麦赤霉病遥感监测精度

为探究麦田垄间背景对无人机多光谱小麦赤霉病监测精度的影响,该研究以江苏省镇江市农科院灌浆期小麦为研究对象,利用大疆M600 Pro无人机搭载RedEdge-MX多光谱相机获取小麦冠层多光谱影像。通过筛选与小麦赤霉病相关性最高的植被指数(vegetation indexes,VIs):MSR和CRI2植被指数,并采用大津法(Nobuyuki Otsu method,OTSU)、阈值分割法和支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)等方法对小麦赤霉病遥感图像进行精细化语义分割,降低田块边缘阴影背景和染病麦穗之间的误判率。试验结果表明:目视解译阈值分割法剔除背景的效果最好(总体精度:92.06%,Kappa系数:0.84),OTSU阈值分割法(总体精度:90.52%,Kappa系数:0.81)效果次之。采用偏最小二乘回归分别建立小麦病情指数(disease index,DI)与VIs、纹理特征(texture features,TFs)和VIs&TFs小麦赤霉病监测模型,其中VIs&TFs模型监测精度最高,剔除垄间背景前预测模型训练集的决定系数(coefficient of determination,R^(2))为0.73,均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)为5.52,相对分析误差(relative percent deviation,RPD)为2.01,验证集的R^(2)为0.68,RMSE为6.21,RPD为1.96;剔除垄间背景后VIs&TFs模型监测精度依然最高,训练集的R^(2)为0.75,RMSE为5.58,RPD为2.13,验证集的R^(2)为0.77,RMSE为7.13,RPD为2.11。综上所述,基于垄间背景特征的精细化语义分割有效地提高了小麦赤霉病的监测精度,可以直观地了解小麦病情分布情况,可对后续变量施药提供参考依据。

基于HJ-1星和GF-1号影像融合特征提取冬小麦种植面积

为提高基于国产环境与灾害监测预报卫星(HJ-1/CCD)影像大范围提取冬小麦种植面积的精度,以江苏省宿迁市沭阳县为研究区域,对冬小麦拔节期30 m×30 m的HJ-1/CCD多光谱影像和2 m×2 m的高分1号卫星全色影像(GF-1/PMS)进行融合与面向对象分类研究。将GF-1/PMS全色影像进行8、16和24 m重采样,得到4种空间分辨率(含2 m)的全色影像,分别与HJ-1/CCD多光谱影像利用光谱锐化法(Gram-Schmidt,GS)进行融合。通过对融合影像进行质量评价,选择适合研究区冬小麦种植田块格局的适宜尺度影像。将HJ-1/CCD多光谱影像重采样,得到与适宜尺度融合影像相同尺度的影像,在两景影像中分别选取包含光谱、纹理信息的训练融合影像样本(samples of fused image,SFI)和重采样影像样本(samples of resampling image,SRI),采用面向对象分类方法对适宜尺度融合影像(fused image,FI)和重采样影像(resampling image,RI)进行冬小麦种植面积提取。结果表明,16 m×16 m融合影像的效果优于2 m×2 m、8 m×8 m和24 m×24 m融合影像,其均值、标准差、平均梯度和相关系数分别为161.15、83.01、4.55和0.97。面向对象分类后,SFI对重采样影像RI16m分类的总体精度为92.22%,Kappa系数为0.90。SFI对融合影像FI16m分类的总体精度为94.44%,Kappa系数为0.93。SRI对重采样影像RI16m分类的总体精度为84.44%,Kappa系数为0.80。SFI对融合影像FI16m分类效果最好,说明基于融合影像和融合影像提取样本(SFI)结合的面向对象分类方法能准确提取冬小麦种植面积。另外,重采样影像和融合影像提取样本(SFI)相结合的面向对象分类方法也可较好提取冬小麦种植面积。为利用国产中空间分辨率HJ-1/CCD卫星和高分1号卫星融合影像有效提取大区域冬小麦种植面积信息提供了参考。

基于深度字词融合的小麦种质信息实体关系联合抽取

为获得结构化的小麦品种表型和遗传描述,针对非结构化小麦种质数据中存在的实体边界模糊以及关系重叠问题,提出一种基于深度字词融合的小麦种质信息实体关系联合抽取模型WGIE-DCWF(wheat germplasm information extraction model based on deep character and word fusion)。模型编码层通过深度字词融合和上下文语义特征融合,提高密集实体特征识别能力;模型三元组抽取层建立层叠指针网络,提高重叠关系的提取能力。在小麦种质数据集和公开数据集上的一系列对比实验结果表明,WGIE-DCWF模型能够有效提高小麦种质数据实体关系联合抽取效果,同时拥有较好的泛化性,可以为小麦种质信息知识库构建提供技术支撑。

融合GF-6 WFV影像主成分分析特征的县域冬小麦种植面积提取

为准确、快速获得县域冬小麦的种植信息,针对多时相方法存在的成本高、效率低、过程复杂等问题,以安徽省固镇县为研究区,提出基于单时相GF-6 WFV影像主成分分析特征与原始光谱波段归一化融合、并使用K-最近邻算法进行土地覆盖物分类的有效面积提取方法。结果表明,所提出方法优于RAW和PDR这2种基准方法,且降维维度参数为3时效果最好,总体精度和Kappa系数分别为89.71%和0.87,实际冬小麦提取面积精度达98.49%,相对误差仅为1.51%。

基于机器学习算法的扬州市冬小麦遥感分类提取

卫星遥感技术是目前较为常用的农作物监测与分类技术。为实现区域冬小麦精确分类和面积提取,以江苏省扬州市为例,以哨兵2号卫星数据及航天飞机雷达地形测量(SRTM)高程数据为数据源,利用分类与回归决策树(CART)、梯度提升决策树(GBDT)、支持向量机(SVM)和随机森林(RF)4种机器学习算法建立分类模型。同时下载并调用2021年3月22日研究区的MSI多光谱影像,提取光谱、纹理、地形特征等参数,对研究区冬小麦进行分类提取,并分析4种模型的分类效果和精度。结果表明,RF和GBDT分类方法效果最好,总体精度最高,均为0.967,Kappa系数达0.960;SVM分类方法总体精度最低,为0.514,但用户精度最高,为0.972。上述方法可以实现区域农作物的精确分类和提取。

2,6-二甲氧基-1,4-苯醌通过抑制NLRP3炎症小体活化缓解小鼠的感染性休克

目的 探究发酵小麦胚芽提取物主要活性成分2,6-二甲氧基-1,4-苯醌(DMQ)抑制NLRP3炎症小体活化并缓解小鼠感染性休克的作用机制。方法 细胞学水平:在BMDM细胞中,经脂多糖(LPS)预处理、DMQ干预后,利用尼日利亚菌素(Nigericin)、ATP、尿酸钠结晶(MSU)分别活化经典NLRP3炎症小体以及胞内转染LPS活化非经典NLRP3炎症小体。利用聚脱氧腺苷酸(Poly A:T)活化AIM2炎症小体。在THP-1细胞中,利用Nigericin活化经典NLRP3炎症小体,通过Western blotting和ELISA方法测定NLRP3炎症小体活化产物的表达水平。蛋白分子水平:利用免疫共沉淀探究DMQ阻断NLRP3炎症小体活化的具体机制。动物水平:将8周龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为空白对照组、感染性休克LPS组、DMQ 20 mg/kg治疗组、DMQ 40 mg/kg治疗组,6只/组,待DMQ治疗组小鼠预注射相应浓度DMQ后,对照组小鼠注射无菌PBS,其余3组小鼠腹腔注射相同剂量LPS,利用ELISA检测DMQ干预对LPS诱导的小鼠感染性休克模型中血清和腹腔灌洗液中TNF-α和IL-1β分泌水平的影响。DMQ预处理后注射LPS观察记录小鼠36 h内的生存状态并绘制生存曲线。结果 DMQ可有效抑制小鼠BMDM细胞和人THP-1细胞中经典NLRP3炎症小体活化(P<0.05),在小鼠BMDM细胞中对非经典NLRP3炎症小体活化也起到有效抑制作用(P<0.05),DMQ对AIM2炎症小体活化无影响(P>0.05)。进一步实验结果揭示DMQ可阻断ASC和NLRP3之间的相互作用。DMQ治疗组可显著降低小鼠血清和腹腔液中IL-1β的分泌水平(P<0.05)并延长小鼠生存时间(P<0.05)。结论 发酵小麦胚芽提取物主要活性成分DMQ通过阻断ASC和NLRP3之间的相互作用有效抑制NLRP3炎症小体活化并缓解LPS诱导的小鼠感染性休克。

宽叶荨麻不同部位提取液对小麦幼苗生长和光合特性的影响

【目的】研究宽叶荨麻不同部位提取液对小麦幼苗生长和光合特性的影响。【方法】以黑麦二号小麦为对象,研究宽叶荨麻根、茎、叶不同浓度的水提液(20、40、60、80、100 g/L)对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。【结果】根部浸提液对小麦的苗长和苗干重具有促进作用,对小麦根长、根干重和根冠比为低促高抑;茎部和叶部浸提液对小麦苗长、苗干重、根长、根干重和根冠比均具有抑制作用。不同部位浸提液对小麦叶片光合特性表现为根部浸提液对小麦叶片Fv/F m、Y(Ⅱ)、Y(Ⅰ)和ETRⅠ小幅上升后稳定,ETRⅡ和qP呈现波动变化,各处理组和对照无显著性差异,而NPQ和CEF呈先下降后上升的趋势;茎部浸提液对小麦叶片Fv/Fm、Y(Ⅱ)、Y(Ⅰ)、ETRⅠ、ETRⅡ、qP均呈现显著下降趋势,NPQ和CEF呈现显著上升趋势,浓度为80 g/L时,NPQ和CEF分别为对照组的1.37倍和5.42倍;叶部浸提液对小麦叶片光合特性指标在处理组和对照组间基本无显著性差异。【结论】根部浸提液在低浓度时可小幅提升小麦叶片PSⅠ电子传递速率,有效增加PSⅠ光能转化效率从而促进其生长;茎部浸提液使小麦叶片PSⅠ和PSⅡ同时受损从而抑制其生长,且这种损伤可通过强烈激发环式电子传递速率从而形成热耗散来对其进行保护;叶部浸提液对小麦幼苗生长呈现抑制效应,但在小麦叶片光合特性上表现不显著。

基于GF-1卫星影像数据融合的冬小麦田空间信息提取

为给高标准农田建设规划和粮食安全生产措施的制定提供准确信息,在对国产GF-1/PMS卫星影像进行辐射定标、大气校正、几何校正和裁剪等预处理的基础上,经过影像融合提取了高标准麦田多地物的点像元光谱信息,通过分析不同地物光谱特征,利用波段反射率、归一化差值植被指数(NDVI)和差值植被指数(DVI)构建植被光谱特征指标阈值,进而对冬小麦田及非麦田进行分类,以获取高标准麦田的空间分布信息。结果表明,光谱特征指标选择BR_(4)>0.3、NDVI>0.619和DVI>0.317,可以较准确地从影像中识别出冬小麦田,并减少田间道路被误判为冬小麦田像元。在非麦田分类中,选择BR_(3)>0.15和BR_(4)>0.2,可将建筑用地与河流(沟渠)区分开。利用田间样方统计面积和遥感提取面积进行精度验证,总体精度可达97.33%,说明通过中、高空间分辨率遥感数据融合,结合多重光谱特征指标建立合理的分类阈值,可以准确提取冬小麦田及非麦田的分布信息。

基于高分卫星的冬小麦长势监测及驱动因素分析

【目的】冬小麦作为我国第二大粮食作物,掌握其长势情况对于保障我国粮食安全具有积极意义。【方法】首先基于Sentinel-2影像,利用随机森林的方法提取研究区2018—2020年冬小麦种植的空间分布,并利用高分影像提取分析了冬小麦种植区域内2018—2020年在返青期、起身拔节期、孕穗抽穗期、开花期的长势变化情况,之后将冬小麦长势变化分为长势较好、长势持平、长势较差3个等级进行对比分析;其次利用地理探测器对典型年份(2018年)的冬小麦长势监测结果与气温、降水量、坡度、坡向、高程、土壤类型、土壤湿度、日照时间、人口密度、乡村劳动力资源、GDP这11种驱动因子进行因子探测和交互探测,定量解释了影响冬小麦长势差异的原因。【结果】对比3 a冬小麦长势情况,2020年冬小麦在返青期与起身拔节期长势较好,面积占比为90%以上,而在孕穗抽穗期长势较差,面积占比为20%以上,在开花期长势持平,面积占比约80%。对冬小麦长势解释力较高的驱动因子的排列顺序为:乡村劳动力资源数>土壤湿度>降水量>气温>日照时间,各驱动因子之间的交互作用表现为双因子增强或非线性增强。【结论】冬小麦的长势变化受到多因素共同作用,是复杂因子交互作用的一种结果。

Medicinal Plants, A promising Source of Natural Fungicides against <i>Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum</i>, Causal Agent of Wheat Blast

Wheat blast, caused by a fungal pathogen, Magnaporthe oryzae Tritichum (MoT) pathotype (wheat isolates), was first reported in Bangladesh among Asian countries in 2016. It is a serious disease of wheat causing yield failures and significant economic losses during epidemic years. Extensive use of persistent synthetic pesticides to control notorious wheat blast imposes enormous threat to human health and environment. In addition, the increasing demand for organic food has stimulated people to look for alternative methods. Nowadays, the need for synthetic chemical-free agricultural practices is gaining importance due to effective in managing crop pests, inexpensive, biodegradable, easily available and have low toxicity to non-target organisms. In order to identify active plants, 12 kinds of methanol extracts obtained from 12 medicinal plants were conducted in vitro to test the effect against Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) pathotype. The remarkable inhibitory activity {(29.6 ± 01.5) mm, (25.1 ± 01.0) mm and (20.0 ± 02.0) mm zone of inhibition)} exhibited by the extracts (5 mg/disk) obtained from Artemisia indica (Nagdona), Persicaria orientalis (Bishkatali) and Clerodendrum indicum (Bamonhati), respectively. Other medicinal plant extracts did not show any significant or no activity at all. Therefore, the three plant extracts might be a promising source for developing natural fungicides against wheat blast.

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(HPLC-ICP-MS)联用测定富硒小麦中硒代氨基酸

为科学补硒和促进富硒小麦的种植推广,用蛋白酶XIV辅助微波振荡提取富硒小麦中硒代氨基酸,采用C18分离柱分离,以磷酸氢二铵(30.0 mmol/L)+甲醇(1.0%)+四丁基溴化铵溶液(2.0 mmol/L,pH=6.5)为流动相,能在10 min内实现5种硒代氨基酸的分离。在高能氦气模式(HEHe)下,用^(78)Se的色谱峰面积积分作为定量依据,建立了高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术(HPLC-ICP-MS)检测富硒小麦中硒代氨基酸的方法。5种硒代氨基酸在1.0~200.0μg/L线性相关性良好,检出限在0.11~0.29μg/L。以富硒小麦为基体进行加标回收,除硒代胱氨酸(SeCys_(2))可能不稳定,易分解造成回收率偏低外,其他4种硒代氨基酸的加标回收率在92.3%~102%,相对标准偏差为1.6%~4.2%(n=7)。用所建立的方法测定农业科技工作者种植推广的富硒小麦,结果发现小麦中的硒赋存形态多为硒代蛋氨酸(SeMet),此外,小麦中还含有少量硒代胱氨酸(SeCys_(2))、硒代半胱氨酸(SeCys)、甲基硒代半胱氨酸(MeSeCys)和硒代乙硫氨酸(SeEt)。方法具有良好的精密度和准确度,适用于富硒小麦中硒代氨基酸的形态分析。

超声辅助麦胚蛋白提取、酶解工艺优化及抗氧化性研究

为了确定超声波辅助碱提麦胚蛋白工艺以及麦胚蛋白酶解最佳条件,分析其结构及抗氧化活性,以脱脂麦胚为原料,应用超声波辅助碱提法,以麦胚蛋白提取率为指标,研究超声温度、时间、频率对麦胚蛋白提取率的影响,以水解度为指标通过响应面法优化麦胚蛋白酶解工艺参数,并对其电位、结构及体外抗氧化活性进行了测定。研究结果表明:超声辅助碱法提取麦胚蛋白条件为超声温度40℃、时间20 min、频率40 kHz,麦胚蛋白提取率可达68.42%;麦胚蛋白酶解最佳工艺参数为酶解时间2 h、pH 8.4、温度51℃、加酶量7000 U/g、水解度为41.73%;Zeta-电位分析表明麦胚蛋白酶解前后电位均为负值且绝对值显著性变化,紫外光谱、红外光谱结构分析发现麦胚蛋白在酶解后特征吸收峰红移,内部结构和疏水区发生改变;酶解物对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基、ABTS+自由基清除能力的IC50分别为0.0581、0.1085、0.1041 mg/mL,对Fe3+还原力在0.16 mg/mL时达到最大值0.69(吸光度)。麦胚蛋白酶解物具有一定的体外抗氧化性,本研究为麦胚资源进一步开发利用提供了依据。

一种改进樽海鞘群算法优化K-Means的小麦覆盖度提取方法

针对K-Means算法对初始聚类中心的依赖性较高,容易出现局部最优停滞的问题,提出一种改进樽海鞘群算法优化K-Means的小麦覆盖度提取算法。首先,将小麦图像转换到HSV色彩空间;然后,用改进樽海鞘群算法进行全局寻优,以获得全局最优值作为K-Means算法的初始聚类中心,接着运用K-Means算法进行局部寻优,直到迭代完成;最终,输出经过分割的小麦图像。为了评估算法性能,使用12个基准函数对ISSA及其他智能优化算法进行对比测试,同时将改进樽海鞘群算法优化K-Means应用于小麦覆盖度提取。结果表明,ISSA算法在优化精度和收敛速度上均超越其他算法,鲁棒性也得到了显著提高。与其他算法相比,ISSA-K算法分割后的小麦图像纹理比较清晰,效果更佳,同时具有更加高效的优势,可用于小麦覆盖度的提取,具有较强的实用性。

基于GBDT和Google Earth Engine的冬小麦种植结构提取

针对中国农田存在种植景观破碎化和复杂的种植结构这一现状,如何实现目标作物的高精度识别与制图对作物产量估算、粮食政策调整和国家粮食安全保障具有十分重要意义。基于Google Earth Engine(GEE)遥感数据处理云平台,提出一种冬小麦不同生育期的种植结构提取方法,该方法以2021年覆盖目标作物关键生育期的多时相Sentinel-2影像为数据源,综合考虑光谱波段特征、光谱指数特征、纹理特征和地形特征等多维特征变量,利用GBDT(gradient boosting decision tree)分类器对不同生育期田块尺度的冬小麦种植面积和空间分布信息进行快速精准提取,并探讨了冬小麦识别的最佳生育期。此外,对比分析了常见的不同分类模型在田块尺度条件下的作物识别性能。以河南陈固镇为研究区开展实验,实验结果显示,冬小麦在起身拔节期的地物识别准确率相对较高,总体分类准确率为94.61%,Kappa系数为92.68%;在抽穗扬花期的识别精度最高,总体分类准确率为97.01%,Kappa系数为95.52%;但在灌浆乳熟期的分类精度偏低,总体分类准确率为86.23%,Kappa系数为81.33%。研究结果表明,在冬小麦抽穗扬花期,GBDT分类器能对田块尺度条件下的土地覆盖信息进行有效提取,进而取得较好的地物分类识别效果。此外,本研究将GBDT与传统分类器如随机森林(random forest,RF)、CART(classification and regression tree)和朴素贝叶斯(Naive Bayesian,NB)进行相比。结果表明,GBDT分类器的地物识别效果最佳,总体分类准确率比RF分类器和CART分类器分别提高了1.20%和5.99%,Kappa系数比RF分类器和CART分类器分别提高了1.61%和8.04%,朴素贝叶斯分类器的识别效果最差,总体分类准确率和Kappa系数分别为84.43%和78.69%。研究结果可为田块尺度作物精细提取提供有效的技术支持。