The objective of the present study was to characterize the high molecular glutenin subunits （HMW-GS） composition and the presence of 1B/1R translocation in newly developed wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） germplasm, w...The objective of the present study was to characterize the high molecular glutenin subunits （HMW-GS） composition and the presence of 1B/1R translocation in newly developed wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） germplasm, which have one or more traits that are useful in wheat improvement. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE） and acid polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis （A-PAGE） were used to detect HMW-GS composition and the presence of 1B/1R wheat-rye （Secale cereale L.） chromosome translocation in the wheat germplasm. Bread-making quality scores of these lines were determined. A high level of variations in HMW-GS encoded by Glu-1 locus was observed. Sixteen major HMW-GS, with 30 combinations, were detected. The percentage of cultivars with more than two desirable subunits was 38.7%. Thirteen cultivars had bread-making quality scores of 10 in combination with one or two desirable agronomical traits, such as high-yield potential, dwarfing stem, resistance to diseases, and/or tolerance to abiotic stress. Sixty-eight （36.6%） cultivars possessed 1B/1R translocation. The newly developed germplasm with HMW-GS for good quality can be promising resources for improving bread-making quality of wheat.展开更多
Locating of important agronomic genes onto chromosome is helpful for efficient development of new wheat varieties. Wheat chromosome substitution lines between two varieties have been widely used for locating genes bec...Locating of important agronomic genes onto chromosome is helpful for efficient development of new wheat varieties. Wheat chromosome substitution lines between two varieties have been widely used for locating genes because of their distinctive advantages in genetic analysis, compared with the aneuploid genetic materials. Apart from the substituted chromosome, the other chromosomes between the substitution lines and their recipient parent should be identical, which eases the gene locating practice. In this study, a set of chromosome substitution lines with cv. Wichita （WI） as the recipient parent and cv. Cheyenne （CNN） as the donor parent were studied for the composition of high molecular weight glutenin subunits （HMW-GS） as well as a range of agronomic important traits. Results revealed that the substitution lines of WI（CNN5D）, WI（CNN6A） and WI（CNN7B） had higher plant heights than the two parents of WI and CNN, and WI（CNN3D） had later maturity than the parents. By sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE） and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF-MS） analysis, a substitution line WI（CNN5B） was found to contain different HMW-GS patterns from its two parents, in which 1 By9 was replaced by 1 By8 on chromosome 1BL. Simple sequence repeat （SSR） analysis confirmed that the variation on 1BL in WI（CNN5B） was originated from Chinese Spring （CS）. It is concluded that chromosomal fragments from bridge material and donor parent were quite often retained in intracultivaral chromosome substitution lines except the substituting chromosomes.展开更多
HMW-GS 5 + 10 was introduced to four major wheat cultivars Kehan9, Kefeng3, Longmai20 and Kenda4 through 5 or 6 consecutive backcrosses. No significant difference in protein content and dry gluten content was observed...HMW-GS 5 + 10 was introduced to four major wheat cultivars Kehan9, Kefeng3, Longmai20 and Kenda4 through 5 or 6 consecutive backcrosses. No significant difference in protein content and dry gluten content was observed between cultivars containing 5 + 10 and 2 + 12 or 3 + 12 (P>0.1). In cultivars containing HMW-GS 5 + 10, the ratio of wet gluten content to dry gluten content was 2. 9 - 5.0% (P<0. 01) lower than the ratio from the cultivars containing 2 + 12 or 3 + 12, the ratio of Zeleny sedimentation volume to dry gluten content was 4. 5 - 13. 4% (P<0.05) higher. The degree of softening in cultivars having 5 + 10 was 15 -25 FU (P<0. 01) lower, while the maximum resistance was 82 - 193 EU (P<0. 05) higher. Backcrosses with biochemical marker assisted selection in the improvement of quality in wheat cultivars was discussed.展开更多
Wheat processing quality is greatly influenced by the seed proteins especially the high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) components, the low molecular weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) components and gliadin ...Wheat processing quality is greatly influenced by the seed proteins especially the high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) components, the low molecular weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) components and gliadin components. Genes encoding the HMW-GS and LMW-GS components were located on the long arms and the short arms of homoeologous group 1 chromosomes, respectively. HMW-GS components in 5 129 accessions of wheat germplasms were analyzed systematically, including 3 459 landraces and 1 670 modern varieties. These accessions were chosen as candidate core collections to represent the genetic diversity of Chinese common wheat ( Triticum aestivum) germplasms documented and conserved in the National Gene Bank. These candidate core collections covered the 10 wheat production regions in China. In the whole country, the dominating alleles at the three loci are Glu-A1b (null), Glu-B1b (7 + 8), and Glu-D1a (2 + 12), respectively. The obvious difference between the land race and the modern variety is the dramatic frequency increase of alleles Glu-A1a (1), Glu-B1c (7 + 9), Glu-B1h (14 + 15), Glu-D1d (5 + 10) and allele cording 5 + 12 subunits in the later ones. In the whole view, there is minor difference on the genetic(allelic)richness between the landrace and the modern variety at Glu-1, which is 28 and 30 respectively. However, the genetic dispersion index (Simpson index) based on allelic variation and frequencies at Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 suggested that the modern varieties had much higher genetic diversity than the landraces. This revealed that various isolating mechanisms (such as auto-gamous nature, low migration because of undeveloped transposition system) limited the gene flow and exchange between populations of the landraces, which led up to some genotypes localized in very small areas. Modern breeding has strongly promoted gene exchanges and introgression between populations and previous isolated populations. In the three loci, Glu-Bl has the highest genetic diversity , then Glu-D1, while Glu-A1 always keeps the lowest genetic diversity. In the landrace, the three regions with the highest allelic richness are Huanghuai Winter Wheat Region, Northwest Spring Wheat Region and Southwestern Winter Wheat Region. For the bred varieties, the highest allelic richness existed in Southwest Winter Wheat Region, Huanghuai Winter Wheat Region, Low & Middle Branch Winter Wheat Region of Yangtze River. Introduction and utilization of foreign varieties in cross breeding has had great effects on the allelic components and frequency of the three loci, which greatly affected the genetic dispersion index. This has made 'population' of the modern variety quite different from that of the landrace.展开更多
Emmer wheat cultivated by organic farmers is used as a component of some bio （organic） food products. Its positive influence on consumer health is caused by grain composition. With the aim of selecting varieties or ...Emmer wheat cultivated by organic farmers is used as a component of some bio （organic） food products. Its positive influence on consumer health is caused by grain composition. With the aim of selecting varieties or landraces for their possible further use we tested selected emmer wheat accessions maintained in the Czech Gene Bank. In the set of 8 emmer wheat accessions, the main grain components, bread making characteristics and contents of health supporting chemical substances such as total dietary fibre content and its components, content of total polyphenols plus catechin and ferulic acid contents, vitamins of the B group and E plus total content of carotenoids were evaluated by standard methods. Tests of bread making quality confirmed a very well known fact that emmer wheat grain is much more suitable for other purposes as whole grain mixtures, cereal pure, etc. than for bread preparation. The results indicate the possibilities to select emmer wheat genotypes differing in grain composition and containing compounds with positive effects on human health. Among the tested emmer wheat accessions the Rudico variety had a complex of positive characteristics such as content of total dietary fibre, total polyphenol content with prevailing catechin and the highest amount of B group vitamins such as B 1, B2, niacin, pantothenic acid and B6.展开更多
采用SDS-PAGE电泳和切胶比色进行亚基定量的方法,研究施氮量对2个小麦品种籽粒HMW-GS和GMP积累的影响。结果表明,高蛋白小麦品种徐州26在花后14 d HMW-GS就开始形成,低蛋白品种宁麦9号在花后21 d才开始形成。增施氮肥对小麦灌浆前期HMW...采用SDS-PAGE电泳和切胶比色进行亚基定量的方法,研究施氮量对2个小麦品种籽粒HMW-GS和GMP积累的影响。结果表明,高蛋白小麦品种徐州26在花后14 d HMW-GS就开始形成,低蛋白品种宁麦9号在花后21 d才开始形成。增施氮肥对小麦灌浆前期HMW-GS的形成作用不明显,而有利于徐州26 HMW-GS积累速度的提高和HMW-GS快速积累期的延长,及宁麦9号灌浆后期HMW-GS的积累,导致成熟期徐州26 HMW-GS和GMP含量随施氮量增加而提高;但施氮过多则降低宁麦9号籽粒HMW-GS和GMP含量。相同氮素水平下,籽粒HMW-GS各亚基含量徐州26均高于宁麦9号,表明籽粒HMW-GS亚基含量与小麦品质性状密切相关。展开更多
文摘The objective of the present study was to characterize the high molecular glutenin subunits （HMW-GS） composition and the presence of 1B/1R translocation in newly developed wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） germplasm, which have one or more traits that are useful in wheat improvement. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE） and acid polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis （A-PAGE） were used to detect HMW-GS composition and the presence of 1B/1R wheat-rye （Secale cereale L.） chromosome translocation in the wheat germplasm. Bread-making quality scores of these lines were determined. A high level of variations in HMW-GS encoded by Glu-1 locus was observed. Sixteen major HMW-GS, with 30 combinations, were detected. The percentage of cultivars with more than two desirable subunits was 38.7%. Thirteen cultivars had bread-making quality scores of 10 in combination with one or two desirable agronomical traits, such as high-yield potential, dwarfing stem, resistance to diseases, and/or tolerance to abiotic stress. Sixty-eight （36.6%） cultivars possessed 1B/1R translocation. The newly developed germplasm with HMW-GS for good quality can be promising resources for improving bread-making quality of wheat.
基金financially supported by grants in part from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31371621 and 31271703)
文摘Locating of important agronomic genes onto chromosome is helpful for efficient development of new wheat varieties. Wheat chromosome substitution lines between two varieties have been widely used for locating genes because of their distinctive advantages in genetic analysis, compared with the aneuploid genetic materials. Apart from the substituted chromosome, the other chromosomes between the substitution lines and their recipient parent should be identical, which eases the gene locating practice. In this study, a set of chromosome substitution lines with cv. Wichita （WI） as the recipient parent and cv. Cheyenne （CNN） as the donor parent were studied for the composition of high molecular weight glutenin subunits （HMW-GS） as well as a range of agronomic important traits. Results revealed that the substitution lines of WI（CNN5D）, WI（CNN6A） and WI（CNN7B） had higher plant heights than the two parents of WI and CNN, and WI（CNN3D） had later maturity than the parents. By sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE） and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF-MS） analysis, a substitution line WI（CNN5B） was found to contain different HMW-GS patterns from its two parents, in which 1 By9 was replaced by 1 By8 on chromosome 1BL. Simple sequence repeat （SSR） analysis confirmed that the variation on 1BL in WI（CNN5B） was originated from Chinese Spring （CS）. It is concluded that chromosomal fragments from bridge material and donor parent were quite often retained in intracultivaral chromosome substitution lines except the substituting chromosomes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(39770461)Science and Technology Department of Heilongjiang Province.
文摘HMW-GS 5 + 10 was introduced to four major wheat cultivars Kehan9, Kefeng3, Longmai20 and Kenda4 through 5 or 6 consecutive backcrosses. No significant difference in protein content and dry gluten content was observed between cultivars containing 5 + 10 and 2 + 12 or 3 + 12 (P>0.1). In cultivars containing HMW-GS 5 + 10, the ratio of wet gluten content to dry gluten content was 2. 9 - 5.0% (P<0. 01) lower than the ratio from the cultivars containing 2 + 12 or 3 + 12, the ratio of Zeleny sedimentation volume to dry gluten content was 4. 5 - 13. 4% (P<0.05) higher. The degree of softening in cultivars having 5 + 10 was 15 -25 FU (P<0. 01) lower, while the maximum resistance was 82 - 193 EU (P<0. 05) higher. Backcrosses with biochemical marker assisted selection in the improvement of quality in wheat cultivars was discussed.
文摘Wheat processing quality is greatly influenced by the seed proteins especially the high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) components, the low molecular weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) components and gliadin components. Genes encoding the HMW-GS and LMW-GS components were located on the long arms and the short arms of homoeologous group 1 chromosomes, respectively. HMW-GS components in 5 129 accessions of wheat germplasms were analyzed systematically, including 3 459 landraces and 1 670 modern varieties. These accessions were chosen as candidate core collections to represent the genetic diversity of Chinese common wheat ( Triticum aestivum) germplasms documented and conserved in the National Gene Bank. These candidate core collections covered the 10 wheat production regions in China. In the whole country, the dominating alleles at the three loci are Glu-A1b (null), Glu-B1b (7 + 8), and Glu-D1a (2 + 12), respectively. The obvious difference between the land race and the modern variety is the dramatic frequency increase of alleles Glu-A1a (1), Glu-B1c (7 + 9), Glu-B1h (14 + 15), Glu-D1d (5 + 10) and allele cording 5 + 12 subunits in the later ones. In the whole view, there is minor difference on the genetic(allelic)richness between the landrace and the modern variety at Glu-1, which is 28 and 30 respectively. However, the genetic dispersion index (Simpson index) based on allelic variation and frequencies at Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 suggested that the modern varieties had much higher genetic diversity than the landraces. This revealed that various isolating mechanisms (such as auto-gamous nature, low migration because of undeveloped transposition system) limited the gene flow and exchange between populations of the landraces, which led up to some genotypes localized in very small areas. Modern breeding has strongly promoted gene exchanges and introgression between populations and previous isolated populations. In the three loci, Glu-Bl has the highest genetic diversity , then Glu-D1, while Glu-A1 always keeps the lowest genetic diversity. In the landrace, the three regions with the highest allelic richness are Huanghuai Winter Wheat Region, Northwest Spring Wheat Region and Southwestern Winter Wheat Region. For the bred varieties, the highest allelic richness existed in Southwest Winter Wheat Region, Huanghuai Winter Wheat Region, Low & Middle Branch Winter Wheat Region of Yangtze River. Introduction and utilization of foreign varieties in cross breeding has had great effects on the allelic components and frequency of the three loci, which greatly affected the genetic dispersion index. This has made 'population' of the modern variety quite different from that of the landrace.
文摘Emmer wheat cultivated by organic farmers is used as a component of some bio （organic） food products. Its positive influence on consumer health is caused by grain composition. With the aim of selecting varieties or landraces for their possible further use we tested selected emmer wheat accessions maintained in the Czech Gene Bank. In the set of 8 emmer wheat accessions, the main grain components, bread making characteristics and contents of health supporting chemical substances such as total dietary fibre content and its components, content of total polyphenols plus catechin and ferulic acid contents, vitamins of the B group and E plus total content of carotenoids were evaluated by standard methods. Tests of bread making quality confirmed a very well known fact that emmer wheat grain is much more suitable for other purposes as whole grain mixtures, cereal pure, etc. than for bread preparation. The results indicate the possibilities to select emmer wheat genotypes differing in grain composition and containing compounds with positive effects on human health. Among the tested emmer wheat accessions the Rudico variety had a complex of positive characteristics such as content of total dietary fibre, total polyphenol content with prevailing catechin and the highest amount of B group vitamins such as B 1, B2, niacin, pantothenic acid and B6.
