[Objective] The study aimed to explore the antibacterial activity and stability of antagonistic bacteria P72 against wheat scab.[Method] The Bacillus subtilis P72 was inoculated into fermentation media with the inocul...[Objective] The study aimed to explore the antibacterial activity and stability of antagonistic bacteria P72 against wheat scab.[Method] The Bacillus subtilis P72 was inoculated into fermentation media with the inoculation amount 5%,then cultured on shaking table at 28 ℃ for 48 h and centrifuged at 8 000 r/min for 10 min.The supernatant of fermentation broth was purified and then the genetic stability,thermal stability and pH stability were detected.[Result] By DEAE-52 ion exchange chromatography,the protein eluted by 0.5 mol/L NaCl solution possessed the strongest antagonistic ability against wheat scab pathogen.The SDS-PAGE electrophoresis showed that the molecular weight of the purified protein with antibacterial effect was 40 kD.By stability test,the antibacterial substance produced by P72 strain showed heritable antagonistic activity,high stability below 60 ℃,stability to acid and unstability to alkali.[Conclusion] The antagonistic bacteria P72 had strong antagonistic ability to wheat scab pathogen,stable antibacterial activity and thermal stability,so it would possess a wide development prospect.展开更多
[Objective] This paper was to improve the current status that the fungicide carbendazim as the single agent was largely applied in the control against wheat scab. [ Method] Five kinds of fungicides on sales and new ag...[Objective] This paper was to improve the current status that the fungicide carbendazim as the single agent was largely applied in the control against wheat scab. [ Method] Five kinds of fungicides on sales and new agents against wheat scab were selected for field trials. [ Result] 25% JS399 - 19 SC, 30% te- buconazoh · thiram WP, 75% trifloxystrobin · tebuconasole WDG and 10% ZJ0712 JG could effectively control wheat scab, and the control effects of one time or two times application were better than control agent carbendasim; the control efficacy of two times application was improved in different degrees against one time ap- vlication. [ Conclusion] The naner vrevided basis for the control atminst wheat scab.展开更多
Based on the survey of observation, the factors afffecting prevalence degree of wheat scab （ Gibberella zeae） were analyzed through coupling method. The results showed that the average diseased ear rate before harve...Based on the survey of observation, the factors afffecting prevalence degree of wheat scab （ Gibberella zeae） were analyzed through coupling method. The results showed that the average diseased ear rate before harvest （disease index） was associated with the average relative humidity from April to early May, the average temperature from April to early May, and the interval from peak maturity stage of perithecium to full heading stage of wheat. The interval was used to measure the coincidence degree between release period of ascospore and ear period （ heading to grouting stage）. The prevalence of wheat scab was determined by coincidence degree and meteorological conditions of ear period. Quantitative prediction should be conducted, to improve prediction and control levels.展开更多
With the increasing prevalence frequency and aggravating harm degree in the 21st century, wheat scab had become a recurrent disease in eastern wheat area of Jiangsu Province. This paper reviewed general occurrence si...With the increasing prevalence frequency and aggravating harm degree in the 21st century, wheat scab had become a recurrent disease in eastern wheat area of Jiangsu Province. This paper reviewed general occurrence situation of wheat scab in eastern Jiangsu, and summarized its occurrence characteristics in last decade. The disease prevalence was elaborated from the aspects of fungal source quantity, chmatic conditions, cultivation modes, variety resistance and pesticide resistance. The author put forward a series of measures and countermeasures, including strengthening resistance monitoring and early warning, promoting and cultivating disease-resistant varieties, compressing planting area of direct seeding rice, canting out chemical control scientifically, and realizing unified prevention and control, in order to provide a scientific basis for the control of wheat scab.展开更多
Using alloplasmic wheat as test materials, the genetic effect of cytoplasm on wheat scab resistance was studied by three methods including the determination of resistance of explant calli to Gibberella zeae toxin, the...Using alloplasmic wheat as test materials, the genetic effect of cytoplasm on wheat scab resistance was studied by three methods including the determination of resistance of explant calli to Gibberella zeae toxin, the identification of inoculating single fixed position and the identification of field resistance. The results showed that among "the homonucleo_heterocytoplasmic lines", resistance of calli to G. zeae toxin was different; the difference of cytoplasmic effect among different nucleoplasm combinations showed certain nucleoplasm interaction relation. Resistance of hybrid F 1 plants of reciprocal cross between alloplasmic line and disease-sensitive wheat variety to wheat scab was of clear difference. Hybrid F 1 of reciprocal cross between Ae. ventricosa cytoplasmic wheat and disease-sensitive or -resistant wheat variety all exhibited fine resistance effect of alloplasm. Compared with general common wheat variety, most alloplasmic wheats tested have stronger resistance. A few selected lines having Ae. ventricosa cytoplasm have a strong and stable resistance to scab. They can be a finer new resistant source.展开更多
Fusarium head blight(FHB),also known as scab,is a devastating fungal disease of wheat that causes significant losses in grain yield and quality.Quantitative inheritance and cumbersome phenotyping make FHB resistance a...Fusarium head blight(FHB),also known as scab,is a devastating fungal disease of wheat that causes significant losses in grain yield and quality.Quantitative inheritance and cumbersome phenotyping make FHB resistance a challenging trait for direct selection in wheat breeding.Genomic selection to predict FHB resistance traits has shown promise in several studies.Here,we used univariate and multivariate genomic prediction models to evaluate the prediction accuracy(PA)for different FHB traits using 476elite and advanced breeding lines developed by South Dakota State University hard winter wheat breeding program.These breeding lines were assessed for FHB disease index(DIS),and percentage of Fusarium damaged kernels(FDK)in three FHB nurseries in 2018,2019,and 2020(TP18,TP19,and TP20)and were evaluated as training populations(TP)for genomic prediction(GP)of FHB traits.We observed a moderate PA using univariate models for DIS(0.39 and 0.35)and FDK(0.35 and 0.37)using TP19 and TP20,respectively,while slightly higher PA was observed(0.41 for DIS and 0.38 for FDK)when TP19 and TP20(TP19+20)were combined to leverage the advantage of a large training population.Although GP with multivariate approach including plant height and days to heading as covariates did not significantly improve PA for DIS and FDK over univariate models,PA for DON increased by 20%using DIS,FDK,DTH as covariates using multi-trait model in 2020.Finally,we used TP19,TP20,and TP19+20 in forward prediction to calculate genomic-estimated breeding values(GEBVs)for DIS and FDK in preliminary breeding lines at an early stage of the breeding program.We observed moderate PA of up to 0.59 for DIS and 0.54for FDK,demonstrating the promise in genomic prediction for FHB resistance in earlier stages using advanced lines.Our results suggest GP for expensive FHB traits like DON and FDK can facilitate the rejection of highly susceptible materials at an early stage in a breeding program.展开更多
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to explore the antibacterial activity and stability of antagonistic bacteria P72 against wheat scab.[Method] The Bacillus subtilis P72 was inoculated into fermentation media with the inoculation amount 5%,then cultured on shaking table at 28 ℃ for 48 h and centrifuged at 8 000 r/min for 10 min.The supernatant of fermentation broth was purified and then the genetic stability,thermal stability and pH stability were detected.[Result] By DEAE-52 ion exchange chromatography,the protein eluted by 0.5 mol/L NaCl solution possessed the strongest antagonistic ability against wheat scab pathogen.The SDS-PAGE electrophoresis showed that the molecular weight of the purified protein with antibacterial effect was 40 kD.By stability test,the antibacterial substance produced by P72 strain showed heritable antagonistic activity,high stability below 60 ℃,stability to acid and unstability to alkali.[Conclusion] The antagonistic bacteria P72 had strong antagonistic ability to wheat scab pathogen,stable antibacterial activity and thermal stability,so it would possess a wide development prospect.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Support Project for Functional Areas of Food Production in Ningbo City (200903C1011009)
文摘[Objective] This paper was to improve the current status that the fungicide carbendazim as the single agent was largely applied in the control against wheat scab. [ Method] Five kinds of fungicides on sales and new agents against wheat scab were selected for field trials. [ Result] 25% JS399 - 19 SC, 30% te- buconazoh · thiram WP, 75% trifloxystrobin · tebuconasole WDG and 10% ZJ0712 JG could effectively control wheat scab, and the control effects of one time or two times application were better than control agent carbendasim; the control efficacy of two times application was improved in different degrees against one time ap- vlication. [ Conclusion] The naner vrevided basis for the control atminst wheat scab.
文摘Based on the survey of observation, the factors afffecting prevalence degree of wheat scab （ Gibberella zeae） were analyzed through coupling method. The results showed that the average diseased ear rate before harvest （disease index） was associated with the average relative humidity from April to early May, the average temperature from April to early May, and the interval from peak maturity stage of perithecium to full heading stage of wheat. The interval was used to measure the coincidence degree between release period of ascospore and ear period （ heading to grouting stage）. The prevalence of wheat scab was determined by coincidence degree and meteorological conditions of ear period. Quantitative prediction should be conducted, to improve prediction and control levels.
基金Supported by Independent Innovation Project of Agricultural Science and Technology in Jiangsu Province[CX(14)2126]
文摘With the increasing prevalence frequency and aggravating harm degree in the 21st century, wheat scab had become a recurrent disease in eastern wheat area of Jiangsu Province. This paper reviewed general occurrence situation of wheat scab in eastern Jiangsu, and summarized its occurrence characteristics in last decade. The disease prevalence was elaborated from the aspects of fungal source quantity, chmatic conditions, cultivation modes, variety resistance and pesticide resistance. The author put forward a series of measures and countermeasures, including strengthening resistance monitoring and early warning, promoting and cultivating disease-resistant varieties, compressing planting area of direct seeding rice, canting out chemical control scientifically, and realizing unified prevention and control, in order to provide a scientific basis for the control of wheat scab.
文摘Using alloplasmic wheat as test materials, the genetic effect of cytoplasm on wheat scab resistance was studied by three methods including the determination of resistance of explant calli to Gibberella zeae toxin, the identification of inoculating single fixed position and the identification of field resistance. The results showed that among "the homonucleo_heterocytoplasmic lines", resistance of calli to G. zeae toxin was different; the difference of cytoplasmic effect among different nucleoplasm combinations showed certain nucleoplasm interaction relation. Resistance of hybrid F 1 plants of reciprocal cross between alloplasmic line and disease-sensitive wheat variety to wheat scab was of clear difference. Hybrid F 1 of reciprocal cross between Ae. ventricosa cytoplasmic wheat and disease-sensitive or -resistant wheat variety all exhibited fine resistance effect of alloplasm. Compared with general common wheat variety, most alloplasmic wheats tested have stronger resistance. A few selected lines having Ae. ventricosa cytoplasm have a strong and stable resistance to scab. They can be a finer new resistant source.
基金collectively funded by the USDA hatch projects SD00H695-20,USDA-ARS agreement 59-0206-0-177(USDAUSWBSI)the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant 2022-68013-36439(Wheat CAP)from the USDA National Institute of Food and AgricultureSouth Dakota Wheat Commission Grant 3X1340。
文摘Fusarium head blight(FHB),also known as scab,is a devastating fungal disease of wheat that causes significant losses in grain yield and quality.Quantitative inheritance and cumbersome phenotyping make FHB resistance a challenging trait for direct selection in wheat breeding.Genomic selection to predict FHB resistance traits has shown promise in several studies.Here,we used univariate and multivariate genomic prediction models to evaluate the prediction accuracy(PA)for different FHB traits using 476elite and advanced breeding lines developed by South Dakota State University hard winter wheat breeding program.These breeding lines were assessed for FHB disease index(DIS),and percentage of Fusarium damaged kernels(FDK)in three FHB nurseries in 2018,2019,and 2020(TP18,TP19,and TP20)and were evaluated as training populations(TP)for genomic prediction(GP)of FHB traits.We observed a moderate PA using univariate models for DIS(0.39 and 0.35)and FDK(0.35 and 0.37)using TP19 and TP20,respectively,while slightly higher PA was observed(0.41 for DIS and 0.38 for FDK)when TP19 and TP20(TP19+20)were combined to leverage the advantage of a large training population.Although GP with multivariate approach including plant height and days to heading as covariates did not significantly improve PA for DIS and FDK over univariate models,PA for DON increased by 20%using DIS,FDK,DTH as covariates using multi-trait model in 2020.Finally,we used TP19,TP20,and TP19+20 in forward prediction to calculate genomic-estimated breeding values(GEBVs)for DIS and FDK in preliminary breeding lines at an early stage of the breeding program.We observed moderate PA of up to 0.59 for DIS and 0.54for FDK,demonstrating the promise in genomic prediction for FHB resistance in earlier stages using advanced lines.Our results suggest GP for expensive FHB traits like DON and FDK can facilitate the rejection of highly susceptible materials at an early stage in a breeding program.
