Monosomic Addition Lines of Flowering Chinese Cabbage(B.campestris L.ssp.chinensis var.parachinensis L.H.Bailey)-Chinese Kale(B.oleracea L.var.alboglabra L.H.Bailey)

Interspecific alien addition lines have played significant roles in gene mapping, intergenomic gene transfer and chromosomal homoeological identification between closely related species. Selection of alien addition lines was conducted by karyotype analysis and morphological observation with the reference of parents. Triploid interspecies hybrid （AAC, 2n = 3x = 29） was obtained from Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. parachinensis Qinglu 9601 （tetraploid, AAAA, 2n = 4x = 40） x B. oleracea var. alboglabra Baihua 9705 （diploid, CC, 2n = 2x = 18） by immature hybrid embryo culture in vitro. Five different alien monosomic addition lines （AA ＋ C2, AA ＋ C3, AA ＋ C4, AA ＋ C6, AA ＋ C7） were obtained from the backcross progenies of AAC x AA. Each alien monosomic addition line has some specific morphological characters. It is feasible to obtain alien addition lines from the progenies of AAC × AA by karyotype analysis and morphological observation based on the reference of parents

Characterization of T.aestivum-H.californicum chromosome addition lines DA2H and MA5H

In order to transfer useful genes of Hordeum californicum into common wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）, the T. aestivum c.v. Chinese Spring （CS）-H. californicum amphiploid was crossed to CS, and its backcrossing and self-fertilized progenies were analyzed by morpho- logical observation, cytological, biochemical and molecular marker techniques. Alien addition lines with two H. californicum chromo- somes were identified and their genetic constitution was characterized. STS-PCR analysis using chromosome 2B specific markers indi- cated that chromosome H3 of H. californicum belongs to homoeologous group 2, and was thus designated 2H. SDS-PAGE showed that chromosome H2 of H. californicum belongs to homoeologous group 5, and was designated 5H. The CS-H. californicum amphiploid and the chromosome addition lines （DA2H and MA5H） identified were evaluated for powdery mildew （Erysiphe graminis f. sp. triticii） resis- tance in field. The preliminary results indicated that the amphiploid showed higher powdery mildew resistance than CS. However, chro- mosome addition lines DA2H and MA5H were highly susceptible to powdery mildew, indicating that major powdery mildew resistant genes of H. californicum should be located on chromosomes other than 2H and 5H.

Assignment of unanchored scaffolds in genome of Brassica napus by RNA-seq analysis in a complete set of Brassica rapa-Brassica oleracea monosomic addition lines

The economically valuable oil crop Brassica napus(AACC,2 n=38),which arose from interspecific hybridization between the diploid ancestors Brassica rapa(AA,2 n=20) and Brassica oleracea(CC,2 n=18),has a complex genome.More than 10% of the assembled sequences,most of which belong to the C subgenome,have not been anchored to the corresponding chromosome.Previously,a complete set of monosomic alien addition lines(MAALs,C1–C9) with each of the nine C-subgenome chromosomes added to the extracted A subgenome was obtained from the allotetraploid B.napus donor Oro,after the ancestral B.rapa(RBR Oro) genome was restored.These MAALs effectively reduced the complexity of the B.napus genome.Here,we determined the expression values of genes on unanchored scaffolds in the MAALs and RBR Oro.Then,multiple comparisons of these gene expression values were used to determine the affiliations of the nonanchored scaffolds on which the genes were located.In total,54.68%(44.11 Mb) of the 80.67 Mb of non-anchored scaffolds belonging to the C subgenome were assigned to corresponding C chromosomes.This work highlights the potential value of these MAALs in improving the genome quality of B.napus.

EFFICIENT CALLUS INDUCTION AND PLANT REGENERATION FROM IMMATURE EMBRYO CULTURE OF TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.- THINOPYRUM INTERMEDIUM ALIEN DISOMIC ADDITION LINES

An efficient plant regeneration system was developed from the immature embryos of Triticum aestivum L. - Thinopyrum intermedium alien disomic addition lines, which resistant to powdery mildew. The protocol was based on a series of experiments involving the callus induction and differentiation. The experiment studied the effects of embryo size on callus induction and differentiation of the immature embryos. We found that the embryo size is critical for the establishment of embryogenic callus. Immature embryos (0.8～1.5 mm) showed high ability to produce embryogenic callus capable of regenerating green plants. The medium Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) added with 2mg/L 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) gave the best embryogenic callus induction, maintenance and regeneration. The embryogenic callus maintained high regeneration during six subcultures in the callus induction medium. Suitable time of partial desiccation could effectively improve the regeneration capacity of the callus cultured for 3～4 month.Bud green spot and root green spot were observed during the differentiation of callus and the difference between them was described. Regenerated shoots were rooted on half-strength MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Plants were successfully transferred to soil and grew well. This efficient plant regeneration system provides a foundation for the study of somaclonal variation of Triticum aestivum L. - Thinopyrum intermedium alien disomic addition lines.

Genetic Analysis of Monosomic Alien Addition Line MAAL8 of O. officinalis(CC)-O. sativa(AA)

[Objective] By carrying out the anther culture on the monosomic alien addition line MAAL8 of O.officinalis-O.sativa and the back crossing with O.sativa H1493,the genetic characteristics of monosomic alien addition line were studied.[Method] The phenotype analysis was used to study the separation proportion of progeny.Moreover,SSR and the methylation analysis were used to study the transmission behavior of nonhomologous chromosome.[Result] 78 plants of 145 backcross progenies preserved the rolled leaf mark trait of MAAL8.In 32 anther culture plants,five plants had the normal rolled leaves,and two plants had the extremely rolled leaves.The rest had the flat leaves.14 couples of SSR markers were used to analyze,and it indicated that all the rolled-leaf plants could obtain the characteristic band type of O.officinalis,but the flat-leaf plants showed none of them.11 polymorphic RFLP markers were used to carry out Methylation-Sensitive Southern analysis.It showed that the methylation variation manners of eight markers between AA and CC genomes were different.[Conclusion] The nonhomologous chromosome of MAAL8 could pass to the progenies independently and integrally via the meiosis,and the phenotype characteristics didn＇t change.Moreover,the methylation manner of O.officinalis could inherit stably in the hybrid progeny as the addition of single chromosome.The stability of methylation might have the certain effect on the relatively independent inheritance of nonhomologous chromosome in the genome environment of O.sativa.

Theoretical Investigation on Vertical Additional Force on Shaft Lining in Special Stratum

The model of skaft lining under force is developed on the basis of the special stratum condition led to sbart cracking- The model is broken into 3 sub-questions to solve separately. According to the principle of superposition and strain compatibility, a second kind Fredholm integral equation is generated.A theoretical solution to vertical additional force on shaft lining is obtained by numerical method to the integral equation.

“Anti-Michael” and Michael Additions in the Reactions of 2-Arylmethyliden-1,3-Indandiones with 2-Aminothiophenol

A novel 2-indano[2,3b]-2-ferrocenyl- and 2-indano[2,3b]-2-(p-methoxy-phenyl)[1,5]benzo-2,5-dihydrothiazepine 5a,b (addition Michael/cyclization) (~30.32%), indano[2,3b]-2-ferrocenyl- and 2-(p-methoxyphenyl)[1,4] benzothiazine 4a,b (addition “anti-Michael”/cyclization) (~45.43%), respectively, were obtained by the condensation of 2-ferrocenyl-and 2-(p-methoxy-phenyl)methyliden-1,3-indandiones 1a,b with o-aminothiophenol 2 in the presence of AcOH and HCl. A new “anti-Michael” addition reaction of 1,4-bis-heteronucleophile 2 into 2-arylmethyliden-1,3-indandiones was reported. As a result of this reaction the product 1a,b was obtained. The structures of the resultant compounds were elucidated by IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental and X-ray diffraction analysis. The in vitro antitumor activity of the obtained products was researched using the following human cancer cell lines: glioblastoma (CNS U-251), prostatic adenocarcinoma (PC-3), chronic myelogenous leukemia (K562), colorectal adenocarcinoma (HCT-15), mammary adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), and small cell lung cancer (SKLU) and the sulforhodamine B (SRB) method. Among these new compounds some thiazine and thiazepine derivatives showed compelling in vitro antitumor effects on cell lines K-562, HCT-15, SKLU-1 and MCF-7.

Genetic Effect on Yield and Fiber Quality Traits of 16 Chromosome Substitution Lines in Upland Cotton

Evaluation of the genetic effect on yield and fiber quality can provide useful information on cotton breeding. Sixteen CSB lines and TM-1 introduced from USDA/ARS were used as male and top-crossed with three elite cultivars and the 51 F1 hybrids, 16 CSB lines, TM-1, and 3 elite cultivars were planted at the Cotton Research Institute of CAAS, Anyang, Henan Province and Xiajin, Shandong Province, China. The yield traits and fiber quality data were obtained and additive and dominance effect on each trait were measured by AD model. Boll weight takes the largest additive proration, whereas boll number takes the least additive proration. The largest and the least dominant proration for lint yield and boll weight were measured, respectively. Fiber length has the additive and dominance effect, and dominance effect was slightly more than additive effect. Larger additive and no dominance effect on uniformity, micronaire, and fiber strength were measured. Significantly, positive additive effect on boll weight of CSB06 and CSB12Sh was observed. CSB14Sh and CSB01 have significantly positive additive effect on 4 and 3 traits of fiber quality, respectively. CSB01 has the greatest dominant effect on lint yield among CSB lines. The dominant effect on fiber length of CSB lines showed positive. It is beneficial to use CSB06 and CSB12Sh as parents to improve boll size, to use CSB14Sh and CSB01 as parents to improve fiber quality. As for hybrid cotton breeding, it is reasonable using CSB01 to improve lint yield traits, and using CSB01, CSB11Sh, and CSB06 to improve fiber length.

利用SSR鉴定普通小麦-多枝赖草二体异附加系Line24中外源染色体同源群的归属

用227对小麦微卫星引物进行PCR扩增,76对可在多枝赖草和耐黄矮病的普通小麦-多枝赖草二体异附加系Line24的小麦亲本中国春、丰抗13间检测到多态性。在这76对引物中,发现有4对引物能从Line24中扩增出和多枝赖草相同而与Line24其他小麦亲本不同的扩增带。进一步用Line24和普通小麦杂交得到的7个不同的单体异附加系进行验证,也得到同样的结果,说明这4对微卫星引物扩增出的特异带可以作为Line24中多枝赖草染色体的分子标记。根据这4对引物各自对应的微卫星标记位点在小麦染色体上的位置,说明Line24中附加的一对多枝赖草染色体是第3,5,6和7部分同源群多枝赖草染色体相互易位形成的。

Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of Wheat-Thinopyrum elongatum Addition,Substitution and Translocation Lines with a Novel Source of Resistance to Wheat Fusarium Head Blight

Thinopyrum elongatum （2n = 2x = 14, EE）, a wild relative of wheat, has been suggested as a potentially novel source of resistance to several major wheat diseases including Fusarium Head Blight （FHB）. In this study, a series of wheat （cv. Chinese Spring, CS） substitution and ditelosomic lines, including Th. elongatum additions, were assessed for Type II resistance to FHB. Results indicated that the lines containing chromosome 7E of Th. elongatum gave a high level of resistance to FHB, wherein the infection did not spread beyond the inoculated floret. Furthermore, it was determined that the novel resistance gene（s） of 7E was located on the short-ann （7ES） based on sharp difference in FHB resistance between the two 7E ditelosomic lines for each arm. On the other hand, Th. elongatum chromosomes 5E and 6E likely contain gene（s） for susceptibility to FHB because the disease spreads rapidly within the inoculated spikes of these lines. Genomic in situ hybridization （GISH） analysis revealed that the alien chromosomes in the addition and substitution lines were intact, and the lines did not contain discernible genomic aberrations. GISH and multicolor-GISH analyses were further performed on three trans- location lines that also showed high levels of resistance to FHB. Lines TA3499 and TA3695 were shown to contain one pair of wheat-Th. elongatum translocated chromosomes involving fragments of 7D plus a segment of the 7E, while line TA3493 was found to contain one pair of wheat-Th, elongatum translocated chromosomes involving the D- and A-genome chromosomes of wheat. Thus, this study has established that the short-arm of chromosome 7E of Th. elongatum harbors gene（s） highly resistant to the spreading of FHB, and chromatin of 7E introgressed into wheat chromosomes largely retained the resistance, implicating the feasibility of using these lines as novel material for breeding FHB-resistant wheat cultivars.

Breeding and molecular cytogenetic identification of wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium addition lines resistant to powdery mildew

Wheat-related species Th. intermedium was used to cross with common wheat Yannong 15. In the self progenies of the hybrid, two addition lines, II -1-7-1 and II -3-3-2, stable in cytology, were developed by cytology and powdery mildew resistance identification. Their chromosome number were 2n = 44 and formed 22 bivalents at PMC MI. In F1 of the two addition lines crossing with Yannong 15, there appeared about one univalent at PMC MI, respectively. Resistance identification in greenhouse and field using the No. 15 and mixed strains of E. gramnis f. sp. tritici showed that they were immune to powdery mildew. Chromosome number and resistance identification using the F2 single plants of the addition line crossing with Yannong 15 indicated that the resistant gene was located on the alien chromosomes. In situ hybridization using St and E genomic DNA as probe showed that the added chromosome in the two addition lines probably came from the E genome of Th. intermedium, which indicated that a pair of E genome

THE ESTABLISHMENT OF TWO SETS OF ALIEN ADDITION LINES OF WHEATWHEATGRASS

The procedure and method for the transfer of two sets of 14 pairs of wheatgrass (Agropyron interrnedium) chromosomes into common wheat to establish two sets of wheat-wheatgrass alien addition lines are reported. Meanwhile, observations and analyses have been made on the phenotypicaI characters of all the 14 alien addition lines established. It is determined that wheatgrass chromosomes in some of the established addition lines carry the rustresistant genes. In addition, questions concerning the location and distribution of certain agriculturally important genes of wheatgrass chromosomes have been discussed.

Establishment and characterization of new wheat-Thinopyrum ponticum addition and translocation lines with resistance to Ug99 races

Ug99, also designated as TFKSK, is a race of Puccinia graminis Pers.：Pers f. sp. tn＇tici Eriks. and E. Henn （Pgt） with broad virulence to wheat. It is the first known Pgt race possessing virulence to Sr31, a stem rust resistance （Sr） gene deployed in wheat varieties world- wide （Singh et al., 2011 ）. Since the first detection of TFKSK in 1998, a total of 13 Ug99 variants have been identified in several African countries.

Characterization of Three Novel Wheat LThinopyrum intermedium Addition Lines with Novel Storage Protein Subunits and Resistance to Both Powdery Mildew and Stripe Rust

Wide hybridization is an effective approach for enhancing the resistance of bread wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） to biotic and abiotic stresses by introducing favorable alien genes （Sepsi et al., 2008）. Wheatgrass, Thinopyrum intermedium （Host） Barkworth ＆ D.R. Dewey or Agropyron intermedium （Host） Beauvoir （2n = 42; genome formula JJjSjSstst）, is a perennial species in the tribe Triticeae and an important source of wheat improvement for biotic and abiotic stress resistance and quality-related traits, such as high grain protein concentration （Chen et al., 1998; 2001; 2003; Han et al., 2004; Li and Wang, 2009）. In addition, the ready crossing ability of wheatgrass with various Triticum species has made it popular in germ- plasm development.

The inhibiting effect of 1.4 recombinant P chromosome of wheat-Agropyron cristatum addition line on the Ph gene

P chromosomes may carry a genetic system that inhibits the Ph gene in wheat. Abnormal chromosome synapsis in wheat-Agropyron cristatum addition line II-21-2 (additional 1·4 recombinant P chromosome) was observed in this study. The results of cytogenetics and Ph1 gene amplification showed that the Ph1 gene was normal and the average number of quadrivalents or hexavalents was determined to be 0.41 and 0.13, respectively, in pollen-mother cells of wheat-Agropyron cristatum addition line II-21-2. The analysis of dual-color GISH/FISH showed that the P chromosomes were not directly involved in the composition of multivalents but could inhibit the effect of the Ph gene, leading to synapsis of wheat homoeologous chromosomes and translocation between wheat homoeologous chromosomes such as 3B-3D chromosomes. The characteristic of P chromosomes’ promoting synapsis of wheat homoeologous chromosomes may have potential application in the genetic improvement of wheat.

Glucosinolates in Self-crossed Progenies of Monosomic Cabbage Alien Addition Lines in Chinese Cabbage

Brassica species have been reported to possess cancer preventive activity due to glucosinolates(GLS) and their derived properties. Many studies on GLS have focused on Brassica oleracea and Brassica rapa. However, information on GLS in progeny between Chinese cabbage(B. rapa ssp. pekinensis) and cabbage(B. oleracea var. capitata) remains limited. In this study, eight GLS were detected in the self-crossed progenies of monosomic cabbage alien addition lines in Chinese cabbage(Chinese cabbage–cabbage MAALs) and parental Chinese cabbage, and nine GLS were detected in the parental cabbage. The variation of GLS content ranges was greater in the progeny than in the parental Chinese cabbage. The nine GLS identified were subjected to PCA to evaluate the differences among progeny and parents. Eight progeny samples had a comprehensive principal component score closer to or greater than that of cabbage, and four of them exhibited glucoraphanin(GRA) and total GLS contents greater than that of Chinese cabbage with the relative content of total indolic GLS was greater than 50%. These results offered new opportunity to improve GLS-containing of Chinese cabbage using genes from cabbage.

双线盾构隧道近距离下穿施工对既有线路影响分析

为研究新建双线隧道近接下穿施工对既有隧道的影响,以大连市地铁5号线下穿2号线工程为依托,通过有限元软件建立盾构穿越施工的三维数值模型,研究了新建隧道穿越对既有运营隧道拱顶、拱底竖向位移及附加应力的变化规律,并分析了新旧隧道净距、土仓压力、注浆压力等因素对既有线路的影响。研究结果表明:新建双线盾构隧道使既有隧道拱顶、拱底产生不同的沉降槽曲线,拱顶沉降小于拱底,新建左线穿越对既有隧道的影响要大于新建右线,约占最终沉降量的87%;既有隧道的附加应力整体表现为受拉,且随着开挖的推进其取值区间不断扩大,拱顶部位应力持续增大;既有线路竖向位移随新旧隧道净距增大而增加,在注浆压力上同样表现出该趋势,但既有线路竖向位移并不随土仓压力的改变而发生显著变化。研究结果可为类似工程提供参考。

西北电网330 kV尖樊线人工短路试验中接地距离保护适应性分析

以风电为代表的新能源场站的故障特征对传统距离保护的附加阻抗产生了新的影响,导致保护性能降低。而现有距离保护适应性研究缺乏对单相接地故障场景的分析。为此,结合西北电网于尖樊线进行的2次人工短路试验数据,基于多种控制策略下的风电场故障特征,分析单相接地故障下接地距离保护附加阻抗系数,进而判断保护适应性。研究发现网侧保护附加阻抗系数较小,两侧电源故障电流对保护影响较小;而风电场侧保护附加阻抗系数较大,两侧电源故障电流对保护影响较大,导致保护拒动。

基于高阶Bezier曲线的渐进多焦点镜片设计

采用直接法设计渐近多焦镜片时,子午线上的光焦度分布是控制远用区,近用区和通道大小的关键。以高阶多项式为代表的子午线光焦度分布函数无法有效控制各个眼用区域附近的光焦度变化速率,导致镜片个性化设计的灵活性不高。为解决这一问题,文章引入了一个高阶Bezier函数来描述期望的子午线光焦度分布,在子午线眼用区域附近添加多个曲线控制点,通过改变控制点位置来调节对应区域光焦度变化速率,以实现对镜片光焦度和像散分布的个性化控制。通过计算仿真、面型分析软件验证和实际加工测量分析可知,设计的四款渐进多焦点镜片在满足佩戴用途的同时具有较低的像散极值和宽阔的光焦度稳定区域,展现Bezier曲线的高可塑性。方法具有子午线灵活可调的能力,能有效控制关键区域的设计、位置、远视区域、近视区域和通道区域的大小,为个性化设计抗疲劳、办公室和驾驶等场景渐进多焦点眼镜展示了一种有效的方法。

大风区接触网线路参数对附加导线舞动的影响

针对大风环境下兰新高速铁路接触网附加导线发生剧烈舞动以及线间放电的现象,依据接触网附加导线结构特点,建立了附加导线有限元计算模型,并对附加导线进行找形计算。采用谐波叠加法模拟接触网附加导线处的随机风场,并对导线模型施加风荷载,利用无条件稳定Newmark法以及荷载增量法,分析接触网线路参数对附加导线舞动及线间距离的影响规律,并给出相应的舞动防治措施。结果表明:40 m及更小档距对导线在低风速及高风速下的舞动均有明显的抑制效果;将附加导线运行张力提高至6.5 kN,导线阻尼比提高至1.5%及以上能有效降低两条导线的舞动剧烈程度;接触网附加导线的档距过大,运行张力及阻尼比过小,将导致导线舞动时悬挂点张力过大,易引起导线掉线、断线等事故;随附加导线档距减小、运行张力及阻尼比增大,线间最小距离呈递增趋势;不同线路参数下(档距、运行张力及阻尼比)附加导线舞动时线间最小距离均随风速增大出现减小趋势。本研究可为兰新高铁大风区段接触网附加导线舞动及线间放电的防治提供有效的理论依据。