Evaluation of the genetic effect on yield and fiber quality can provide useful information on cotton breeding. Sixteen CSB lines and TM-1 introduced from USDA/ARS were used as male and top-crossed with three elite cul...Evaluation of the genetic effect on yield and fiber quality can provide useful information on cotton breeding. Sixteen CSB lines and TM-1 introduced from USDA/ARS were used as male and top-crossed with three elite cultivars and the 51 F1 hybrids, 16 CSB lines, TM-1, and 3 elite cultivars were planted at the Cotton Research Institute of CAAS, Anyang, Henan Province and Xiajin, Shandong Province, China. The yield traits and fiber quality data were obtained and additive and dominance effect on each trait were measured by AD model. Boll weight takes the largest additive proration, whereas boll number takes the least additive proration. The largest and the least dominant proration for lint yield and boll weight were measured, respectively. Fiber length has the additive and dominance effect, and dominance effect was slightly more than additive effect. Larger additive and no dominance effect on uniformity, micronaire, and fiber strength were measured. Significantly, positive additive effect on boll weight of CSB06 and CSB12Sh was observed. CSB14Sh and CSB01 have significantly positive additive effect on 4 and 3 traits of fiber quality, respectively. CSB01 has the greatest dominant effect on lint yield among CSB lines. The dominant effect on fiber length of CSB lines showed positive. It is beneficial to use CSB06 and CSB12Sh as parents to improve boll size, to use CSB14Sh and CSB01 as parents to improve fiber quality. As for hybrid cotton breeding, it is reasonable using CSB01 to improve lint yield traits, and using CSB01, CSB11Sh, and CSB06 to improve fiber length.展开更多
P chromosomes may carry a genetic system that inhibits the Ph gene in wheat. Abnormal chromosome synapsis in wheat-Agropyron cristatum addition line II-21-2 (additional 1·4 recombinant P chromosome) was observed ...P chromosomes may carry a genetic system that inhibits the Ph gene in wheat. Abnormal chromosome synapsis in wheat-Agropyron cristatum addition line II-21-2 (additional 1·4 recombinant P chromosome) was observed in this study. The results of cytogenetics and Ph1 gene amplification showed that the Ph1 gene was normal and the average number of quadrivalents or hexavalents was determined to be 0.41 and 0.13, respectively, in pollen-mother cells of wheat-Agropyron cristatum addition line II-21-2. The analysis of dual-color GISH/FISH showed that the P chromosomes were not directly involved in the composition of multivalents but could inhibit the effect of the Ph gene, leading to synapsis of wheat homoeologous chromosomes and translocation between wheat homoeologous chromosomes such as 3B-3D chromosomes. The characteristic of P chromosomes’ promoting synapsis of wheat homoeologous chromosomes may have potential application in the genetic improvement of wheat.展开更多
Wheat-rye addition and substitution lines and their self progenies revealed variations in telomeric heterochromatin and centromeres, Furthermore, a mitotically unstable dicentric chromosome and stable multicentric chr...Wheat-rye addition and substitution lines and their self progenies revealed variations in telomeric heterochromatin and centromeres, Furthermore, a mitotically unstable dicentric chromosome and stable multicentric chromosomes were observed in the progeny of a Chinese Spring-lmperial rye 3R addition line. An unstable multicentric chromosome was found in the progeny of a 6R/6D substitution line. Drastic variation of terminal heterochromatin including movement and disappearance of terminal heterochromatin occurred in the progeny of wheat- rye addition line 3R, and the 5RS ditelosomic addition line. Highly stable minichromosomes were observed in the progeny ofa monosomic 4R addition line, a ditelosomic 5RS addition line and a 6R/6D substitution line. Minichromosomes, with and without the FISH signals for telomeric DNA （TTTAGGG）n, derived from a monosomic 4R addition line are stable and transmissible to the next generation. The results indicated that centromeres and terminal heterochromatin can be profoundly altered in wheat-rye hybrid derivatives.展开更多
The cytological instability of common wheat-rye addition lines was investigated in the present study. The chromosome numbers of almost all addition lines were considerably stable, but those of CS ＋ 5R were very varia...The cytological instability of common wheat-rye addition lines was investigated in the present study. The chromosome numbers of almost all addition lines were considerably stable, but those of CS ＋ 5R were very variable. The rye chromosome added in this line was found to be much shorter than expected. Fluorescent in situ hybridization with 5S rDNA and the centromere-speciflc probes clearly revealed that the short rye chromosome contains only a short arm of chromosome 5R （5RS）. In this line, chromosome numbers of both 5RS and common wheat were changeable. The chromosome numbers ranged from 2n = 36 to 2n = 44 in the cells carrying two 5RS, and ranged from 2n = 31 to 2n = 44 in one 5RS cells. In addition to the chromosome instability, the muIticells wrapped in a sac-like structure were frequently observed in the root meristematic tissues of CS ＋5RS after the enzyme treatment for chromosome preparation. Genomic in situ hybridization with rye DNA as a probe showed that all cells in sacs investigated were at the interphase stage and contained one or two 5RS chromosomes. An electron microscopic analysis revealed that the cells of CS＋5RS, particularly in sacs, have abnormal （irregular and curved） cell walls. These results indicate that 5RS has （a） specific factor（s） influencing the cell wall development as well as the genome stability.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Tech-nology R&D Program of China (2006BAD01A05)
文摘Evaluation of the genetic effect on yield and fiber quality can provide useful information on cotton breeding. Sixteen CSB lines and TM-1 introduced from USDA/ARS were used as male and top-crossed with three elite cultivars and the 51 F1 hybrids, 16 CSB lines, TM-1, and 3 elite cultivars were planted at the Cotton Research Institute of CAAS, Anyang, Henan Province and Xiajin, Shandong Province, China. The yield traits and fiber quality data were obtained and additive and dominance effect on each trait were measured by AD model. Boll weight takes the largest additive proration, whereas boll number takes the least additive proration. The largest and the least dominant proration for lint yield and boll weight were measured, respectively. Fiber length has the additive and dominance effect, and dominance effect was slightly more than additive effect. Larger additive and no dominance effect on uniformity, micronaire, and fiber strength were measured. Significantly, positive additive effect on boll weight of CSB06 and CSB12Sh was observed. CSB14Sh and CSB01 have significantly positive additive effect on 4 and 3 traits of fiber quality, respectively. CSB01 has the greatest dominant effect on lint yield among CSB lines. The dominant effect on fiber length of CSB lines showed positive. It is beneficial to use CSB06 and CSB12Sh as parents to improve boll size, to use CSB14Sh and CSB01 as parents to improve fiber quality. As for hybrid cotton breeding, it is reasonable using CSB01 to improve lint yield traits, and using CSB01, CSB11Sh, and CSB06 to improve fiber length.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2006AA10Z174)the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2006BAD13B02)
文摘P chromosomes may carry a genetic system that inhibits the Ph gene in wheat. Abnormal chromosome synapsis in wheat-Agropyron cristatum addition line II-21-2 (additional 1·4 recombinant P chromosome) was observed in this study. The results of cytogenetics and Ph1 gene amplification showed that the Ph1 gene was normal and the average number of quadrivalents or hexavalents was determined to be 0.41 and 0.13, respectively, in pollen-mother cells of wheat-Agropyron cristatum addition line II-21-2. The analysis of dual-color GISH/FISH showed that the P chromosomes were not directly involved in the composition of multivalents but could inhibit the effect of the Ph gene, leading to synapsis of wheat homoeologous chromosomes and translocation between wheat homoeologous chromosomes such as 3B-3D chromosomes. The characteristic of P chromosomes’ promoting synapsis of wheat homoeologous chromosomes may have potential application in the genetic improvement of wheat.
基金supported by the grants of the National High Technology Research and Development Program("863"Program) of China(No.2011AA100101)the Special Financial Grant from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2012T50157),and 2011 Collaborative Innovation Plan of the Ministry Of Education of China
文摘Wheat-rye addition and substitution lines and their self progenies revealed variations in telomeric heterochromatin and centromeres, Furthermore, a mitotically unstable dicentric chromosome and stable multicentric chromosomes were observed in the progeny of a Chinese Spring-lmperial rye 3R addition line. An unstable multicentric chromosome was found in the progeny of a 6R/6D substitution line. Drastic variation of terminal heterochromatin including movement and disappearance of terminal heterochromatin occurred in the progeny of wheat- rye addition line 3R, and the 5RS ditelosomic addition line. Highly stable minichromosomes were observed in the progeny ofa monosomic 4R addition line, a ditelosomic 5RS addition line and a 6R/6D substitution line. Minichromosomes, with and without the FISH signals for telomeric DNA （TTTAGGG）n, derived from a monosomic 4R addition line are stable and transmissible to the next generation. The results indicated that centromeres and terminal heterochromatin can be profoundly altered in wheat-rye hybrid derivatives.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30771316)the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China(2006CB100201).
文摘The cytological instability of common wheat-rye addition lines was investigated in the present study. The chromosome numbers of almost all addition lines were considerably stable, but those of CS ＋ 5R were very variable. The rye chromosome added in this line was found to be much shorter than expected. Fluorescent in situ hybridization with 5S rDNA and the centromere-speciflc probes clearly revealed that the short rye chromosome contains only a short arm of chromosome 5R （5RS）. In this line, chromosome numbers of both 5RS and common wheat were changeable. The chromosome numbers ranged from 2n = 36 to 2n = 44 in the cells carrying two 5RS, and ranged from 2n = 31 to 2n = 44 in one 5RS cells. In addition to the chromosome instability, the muIticells wrapped in a sac-like structure were frequently observed in the root meristematic tissues of CS ＋5RS after the enzyme treatment for chromosome preparation. Genomic in situ hybridization with rye DNA as a probe showed that all cells in sacs investigated were at the interphase stage and contained one or two 5RS chromosomes. An electron microscopic analysis revealed that the cells of CS＋5RS, particularly in sacs, have abnormal （irregular and curved） cell walls. These results indicate that 5RS has （a） specific factor（s） influencing the cell wall development as well as the genome stability.
