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While复句的主观化与主观性 被引量:7
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作者 张洪芹 《外语教学》 CSSCI 北大核心 2007年第1期36-39,共4页
本文以认知语言学理论为视角研究while复句语义的认知理据,主要阐释和分析while复句语义所透视的主观化和主观性意义。本文认为while复句体现了主观化与主观性的特点:1.while一词经历了“虚化”过程(bleaching),即从实词while变为虚词wh... 本文以认知语言学理论为视角研究while复句语义的认知理据,主要阐释和分析while复句语义所透视的主观化和主观性意义。本文认为while复句体现了主观化与主观性的特点:1.while一词经历了“虚化”过程(bleaching),即从实词while变为虚词while的这个历时过程,同时,while还是个消失了的隐喻或死喻;2.while复句体现了时空的接近性和重叠性;3.while复句也解释了时间的主观性,while复句的时间概念体现言者或听者的心理特征,如对事件的计算性、判断性、评价性等。4.while复句体现着意义的主观性即说话人的观点、情感和态度等;5.while复句还体现了言者的言语行为。总之,同一个while复句既可以理解为内容域时间关系,也可以理解为认识转折关系,同时还可以表达主观上要实施的言语行为。 展开更多
关键词 while复句 主观化 主观性
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用操作语义解读程序设计语言中的while循环结构 被引量:1
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作者 叶晓波 王松 支蕾 《楚雄师范学院学报》 2010年第12期45-47,共3页
操作语义通过规定程序设计语言在抽象机器上的执行过程来描述程序设计语言的含义。本文通过实例,运用操作语义对程序设计语言中的while循环结构进行分析解读,帮助学生理解while循环的执行步骤和变量的变化过程,提高了教学效果。
关键词 形式语义 操作语义 while循环结构
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Rock fracture density characterization using measurement while drilling(MWD) techniques 被引量:8
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作者 Mohammad Babaei Khorzoughi Robert Hall Derek Apel 《International Journal of Mining Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CSCD 2018年第6期859-864,共6页
Accurate determination of rock mass properties is a critical part of open-pit mine planning activities to enable more prescriptive blast designs to achieve improved loading and hauling and downstream process efficienc... Accurate determination of rock mass properties is a critical part of open-pit mine planning activities to enable more prescriptive blast designs to achieve improved loading and hauling and downstream process efficiency. Better and more accurate blast practice that delivers enhanced outcomes(better fragmentation, improved diggability, less dilution, etc.) is a critical and fundamental element of being able to achieve an effective Mine-Mill approach at a mining operation. Based on previous work, it has been demonstrated that an accurate representation of the rock mass properties can be obtained from the analysis of variations in blasthole drill performance as derived from measurement while drilling(MWD) systems when using tricone bits. This paper further investigates how monitored rate of penetration,pulldown force, rotary torque, rotary speed and bailing air pressure responses can be used to determine the presence of open and partially open fractures having varying dip angles. Based on a correlation of geophysically measured fracture logs and monitored drill performance variables in the same blastholes, the results show that the latter responses can accurately determine open versus closed fractures. The results also identified that variations in rate of penetration and rotary torque show the most sensitivity in the presence of open fractures that intersect a vertical blasthole at near orthogonal angles. 展开更多
关键词 Measurement while drilling FRACTURES Rotary blasthole DRILL DRILL performance VARIABLES Fracture frequency LOGGING
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Numerical analysis of the effects of downhole dynamic conditions on formation testing while drilling 被引量:2
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作者 DI Dejia TAO Guo +2 位作者 WANG Bing CHEN Xu SUN Jiming 《Petroleum Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2014年第3期391-400,共10页
Formation testing while drilling is an innovative technique that is replacing conventional pressure testing in which the fluid sampling is conducted in a relatively short time following the drilling. At this time, mud... Formation testing while drilling is an innovative technique that is replacing conventional pressure testing in which the fluid sampling is conducted in a relatively short time following the drilling. At this time, mud invasion has just started, mudcake has not formed entirely and the formation pressure is not stable. Therefore, it is important to study the influence of the downhole dynamic environment on pressure testing and fluid sampling. This paper applies an oil-water two phase finite element model to study the influence of mudcake quality and mud filtrate invasion on supercharge pressure, pretest and sampling in the reservoirs of different permeability. However, the study is only for the cases with water based mud in the wellbore. The results illustrate that the mudcake quality has a significant influence on the supercharge pressure and fluid sampling, while the level of mud filtrate invasion has a strong impact on pressure testing and sampling. In addition, in-situ formation pressure testing is more difficult in low permeability reservoirs as the mud filtrate invasion is deeper and therefore degrades the quality of fluid sampling. Finally, a field example from an oil field on the Alaskan North Slope is presented to validate the numerical studies of the effects of downhole dynamic conditions on formation testing while drilling. 展开更多
关键词 Formation testing while drilling formation supercharge pressure testing fluid sampling finite element method mudcake filtrate invasion
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中国大学生英语写作中连词while的偏误类型——基于语料库的实证研究
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作者 陈柯尹 张高远 《盐城师范学院学报(人文社会科学版)》 2022年第3期98-108,共11页
英语写作中,连词在语句衔接、篇章连贯和正确表情达意方面起着举足轻重的作用。英语连词while义项繁多、用法复杂,二语学习者容易出错。对于while等连词,仅宏观概述难以揭示其语用特征,对二语学习者启示有限。基于三个语料库的数据对比... 英语写作中,连词在语句衔接、篇章连贯和正确表情达意方面起着举足轻重的作用。英语连词while义项繁多、用法复杂,二语学习者容易出错。对于while等连词,仅宏观概述难以揭示其语用特征,对二语学习者启示有限。基于三个语料库的数据对比,运用AntConc 3.2.0和SPSS 25.0等统计工具,从逻辑含义、句法位置和类连接等角度,研究英语母语者对while的使用情况和中国大学生在该词使用上的偏误情况,发现后者对while的使用存在超量使用、欠额使用和误用等现象。这是由语际影响和语内干扰因素共同作用产生的。 展开更多
关键词 连词while 二语习得 语料库 偏误
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Short-term Memory in While-Listening Comprehension
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作者 李霞 《海外英语》 2014年第3X期58-60,共3页
Short-term memory plays an essential role in successful listening comprehension.The information extracted from short-term memory in listening comprehension is influenced by many factors.This paper explain some ways of... Short-term memory plays an essential role in successful listening comprehension.The information extracted from short-term memory in listening comprehension is influenced by many factors.This paper explain some ways of improving listening ability while examine,which emphatically point out how to extend short-term memory. 展开更多
关键词 while-listening COMPREHENSION SHORT-TERM memory IM
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Logging while drilling electromagnetic wave responses in inclined bedding formation
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作者 FAN Yiren HU Xufei +2 位作者 DENG Shaogui YUAN Xiyong LI Haitao 《Petroleum Exploration and Development》 2019年第4期711-719,共9页
For real-time inversion and fast reconstruction of formation true resistivity, the forward modeling of electromagnetic wave logging while drilling is usually based on the transversely isotropic formation model with ve... For real-time inversion and fast reconstruction of formation true resistivity, the forward modeling of electromagnetic wave logging while drilling is usually based on the transversely isotropic formation model with vertical symmetry axis(VTI medium), but it only considers the horizontal and vertical resistivity. It has certain limitation during practical application. This paper presents a forward calculation method of electromagnetic wave logging while drilling in transversely isotropic(TTI) strata with inclined symmetry axis based on the Dyadic Green’s function. Anisotropic angle and azimuth are used to characterize TTI formation. The proposed algorithm is verified by numerical examples, the half-space electromagnetic wave reflection and transmission characteristics with different media are analyzed, and the necessity to use the new algorithm is pointed out. Numerical simulation also shows that there exist a critical borehole dip and critical anisotropic angle in TTI formation. Electromagnetic wave logging while drilling responses follows opposite rule before and after these two critical angles. Besides, the 'horns' at the interface are not only related to well deviation, resistivity contrast, but also related to anisotropic angle and anisotropic azimuth. 展开更多
关键词 electromagnetic wave logging while drilling VTI MEDIUM TTI MEDIUM ANISOTROPIC dip ANISOTROPIC azimuth DYADIC Green’s function
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Formation permeability evaluation and productivity prediction based on mobility from pressure measurement while drilling
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作者 SHI Xinlei CUI Yunjiang +2 位作者 XU Wankun ZHANG Jiansheng GUAN Yeqin 《Petroleum Exploration and Development》 2020年第1期146-153,共8页
Based on the measurement mechanism of mobility in pressure measurement while drilling, through analyzing a large number of mobility data, it is found that under the condition of water-based mud drilling, the product o... Based on the measurement mechanism of mobility in pressure measurement while drilling, through analyzing a large number of mobility data, it is found that under the condition of water-based mud drilling, the product of mobility from pressure measurement while drilling and the viscosity of mud filtrate is infinitely close to the water phase permeability under the residual oil in relative permeability experiment. Based on this, a method converting the mobility from pressure measurement while drilling to core permeability is proposed, and the permeability based on Timur formula has been established. Application of this method in Penglai 19-9 oilfield of Bohai Sea shows:(1) Compared with the permeability calculated by the model of adjacent oilfields, the permeability calculated by this model is more consistent with the permeability calculated by core analysis.(2) Based on the new model, the correlation between the calculated mobility of well logging and the actual drilling specific productivity index bas been established. Compared with the relationship established by using the permeability model of an adjacent oilfield, the correlation of the new model is better.(3) Productivity of four directional wells was predicted, and the prediction results are in good agreement with the actual production after drilling. 展开更多
关键词 MOBILITY from PRESSURE measurement while drilling permeability IRREDUCIBLE water SATURATION Timur formula productivity prediction Penglai 19-9 OILFIELD
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A Petrophysical Approach to Evaluation from Measured While Drilling Gamma Ray, Case Study in the Powder River and Delaware Basins
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作者 Stephanie E. Perry 《Natural Science》 2021年第7期282-300,共19页
One of the most common subsurface data sets that is easily accessible and often underutilized is the acquired measuring while drilling (MWD) gamma ray (GR-GAPI) log. Data is acquired from a given gamma ray tool positi... One of the most common subsurface data sets that is easily accessible and often underutilized is the acquired measuring while drilling (MWD) gamma ray (GR-GAPI) log. Data is acquired from a given gamma ray tool positioned within the drill string and pulsed up to the surface through the mud column in the wellbore. Typical use of the data is for subsurface geologists, drillers and others to correlate the data to known stratigraphic signatures and steer wells through horizontal target zones. Through that correlation, an association to the geologic stratigraphic column can be made and the team of subsurface scientists adjusts where, how fast, and why they choose to continue drilling. The technique of correlation applies to both the conventional and unconventional application. In the unconventional ap</span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;font-size:12px;">plication, the data is also typically acquired along the length of the horizontal wellbore. From</span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;font-size:12px;"> a petrophysical standpoint, just acquiring a gamma ray can limit the amount of information </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;font-size:12px;">and ability to fully evaluate the properties along the length of the well. In this study, we share</span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;font-size:12px;"> and demonstrate how to utilize the MWD GR for petrophysical evaluation beyond just a volume of shale or volume of clay interpretation. The workflow will allow full integration of a comprehensive petrophysical evaluation that can then be utilized to support all subsurface understandings and modelling efforts. 展开更多
关键词 PETROPHYSICS Gamma Ray Measuring while Drilling Workflow DELAWARE Powder River
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Generalized collar waves in acoustic logging while drilling 被引量:2
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作者 王秀明 何晓 张秀梅 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2016年第12期118-120,共3页
Tool waves, also named collar waves, propagating along the drill collars in acoustic logging while drilling (ALWD), strongly interfere with the needed P- and S-waves of a penetrated formation, which is a key issue i... Tool waves, also named collar waves, propagating along the drill collars in acoustic logging while drilling (ALWD), strongly interfere with the needed P- and S-waves of a penetrated formation, which is a key issue in picking up formation P- and S-wave velocities. Previous studies on physical insulation for the collar waves designed on the collar between the source and the receiver sections did not bring to a satisfactory solution. In this paper, we investigate the propagation features of collar waves in different models. It is confirmed that there exists an indirect collar wave in the synthetic full waves due to the coupling between the drill collar and the borehole, even there is a perfect isolator between the source and the receiver. The direct collar waves propagating all along the tool and the indirect ones produced by echoes from the borehole wall are summarized as the generalized collar waves. Further analyses show that the indirect collar waves could be relatively strong in the full wave data. This is why the collar waves cannot be eliminated with satisfactory effect in many cases by designing the physical isolators carved on the tool. 展开更多
关键词 acoustic logging while drilling borehole wave propagation generalized collar waves indirectcollar waves
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E-C Translation of While-clauses—A Parallel-corpus-based Study
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作者 张芳 《海外英语》 2011年第12X期214-216,共3页
In English, as one of the most frequently used subordinators, while introduces adverbial clauses. It can indicate the meaning of time, as well as contrast, condition and concession. This study looks into the translati... In English, as one of the most frequently used subordinators, while introduces adverbial clauses. It can indicate the meaning of time, as well as contrast, condition and concession. This study looks into the translation characteristics of while-clauses in Great Expectation by investigating its Chinese correspondences based on the data collected from English-Chinese Parallel Concordance and another Chinese version. The result reveals that the majority of while-clauses are translated by substitution and are translated into adverbial adjuncts. 展开更多
关键词 while-clauses TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES TRANSLATION characteristics
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高职Visual FoxPro课程说课研究——以Do While循环语句为例
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作者 王鸿丹 《辽宁师专学报(自然科学版)》 2015年第4期23-26,共4页
为提升教学质量、提高学校的竞争力,很多院校都在大力推广说课,以期通过说课的形式促进教师间的相互交流,改革教学模式,更新教学观念.以高职《Visual FoxPro程序设计》中Do While循环语句一课为例,从说教材、说教学内容设计、说教法和... 为提升教学质量、提高学校的竞争力,很多院校都在大力推广说课,以期通过说课的形式促进教师间的相互交流,改革教学模式,更新教学观念.以高职《Visual FoxPro程序设计》中Do While循环语句一课为例,从说教材、说教学内容设计、说教法和学法、说教学过程等方面进行说课研究,强调创新之处,突出高职院校"做中学、学中做"的教学理念. 展开更多
关键词 说课 DO while循环语句 高职教学
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Application of wavelet neural network in the acoustic logging-while-drilling waveform data processing
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作者 ZHANG Wei SHI Yi-bing 《通讯和计算机(中英文版)》 2007年第8期29-34,共6页
关键词 小波神经网络 数据压缩 随钻声波测井技术 波形数据 油田
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隧道不良地质识别:方法、现状及智能化发展方向 被引量:5
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作者 许振浩 邵瑞琦 +4 位作者 林鹏 李术才 向航 韩涛 李珊 《地球学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第1期5-24,共20页
随着隧道施工对于不良地质识别精度要求的不断提高以及人工智能技术的发展,融合多源信息的不良地质智能化识别已成为发展趋势。本文首先阐述了常见的6种隧道不良地质类型及其地质成因,回顾分析了隧道主要的不良地质识别方法及现状,详细... 随着隧道施工对于不良地质识别精度要求的不断提高以及人工智能技术的发展,融合多源信息的不良地质智能化识别已成为发展趋势。本文首先阐述了常见的6种隧道不良地质类型及其地质成因,回顾分析了隧道主要的不良地质识别方法及现状,详细介绍了笔者在不良地质智能化识别方面的探索性研究:基于机器学习利用图像识别技术对隧道围岩岩性与裂隙特征进行智能识别;融合图像和光谱特征进行不良地质识别;将地化分析融入到传统的超前钻探中,融合随钻参数和地化信息进行不良地质随钻识别,既可以发挥超前钻探在感知岩体质量和地层信息变化方面的优势,又可以发挥地化分析在岩性和不良地质异常识别方面的优势;基于地质与物探联合反演进行不良地质识别,旨在实现掌子面前方不良地质体“形”(位置、形态、规模)和“性”(性质和类型)的精确识别。最后,对隧道不良地质智能化识别的发展趋势进行了展望。 展开更多
关键词 不良地质识别 光谱测试 地化测试 随钻技术 联合反演
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随钻核磁共振仪器缩短回波间隔方法优化设计
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作者 刘伟 张文秀 +1 位作者 陈文轩 廖广志 《地球物理学报》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第1期409-418,共10页
核磁共振测井是一种直接探测储层孔隙流体性质的地球物理方法,随钻核磁共振技术是在钻井过程中实时获得油气藏评价参数的技术方法.面对复杂油气藏中随钻核磁共振测量问题,通过缩短脉冲序列的回波间隔,可以减少仪器测量时间,能够获得快... 核磁共振测井是一种直接探测储层孔隙流体性质的地球物理方法,随钻核磁共振技术是在钻井过程中实时获得油气藏评价参数的技术方法.面对复杂油气藏中随钻核磁共振测量问题,通过缩短脉冲序列的回波间隔,可以减少仪器测量时间,能够获得快速衰减的短弛豫组分,实现储层孔隙结构的精细表征.本文提出了一种多级能量泄放方法,能够逐级降低天线品质因数,缩短天线恢复的死区时间,在不改变回波采集信噪比的情况下,实现脉冲序列的短回波间隔采集系统设计,并在随钻核磁共振测井仪器实验样机上进行了测试验证.测试结果表明,仪器回波信号信噪比良好,振铃噪声与回波信号区分明显,测试结果与模拟仿真结果一致,能够实现短回波间隔数据采集,验证了方法的有效性和实用性. 展开更多
关键词 核磁共振仪器 随钻核磁共振 回波间隔 驰豫组分
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坚持稳中求进工作总基调的内在逻辑与实践路径 被引量:1
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作者 杨宜勇 《学术前沿》 北大核心 2024年第3期57-64,共8页
新时代以来,我们坚持稳中求进工作总基调破解了许多历史性难题,取得了许多历史性成就,形成了许多历史性的经验。全面理解和准确把握“稳中求进”“以进促稳”“先立后破”,是扎实推进中国式现代化过程中坚持稳中求进工作总基调的基础和... 新时代以来,我们坚持稳中求进工作总基调破解了许多历史性难题,取得了许多历史性成就,形成了许多历史性的经验。全面理解和准确把握“稳中求进”“以进促稳”“先立后破”,是扎实推进中国式现代化过程中坚持稳中求进工作总基调的基础和前提。当前,坚持稳中求进工作总基调要注重经济发展的质量和效益;要切实保障和改善民生,促进社会公平正义;要加强经济治理和社会治理,有效防范化解重点领域风险,维护社会稳定。 展开更多
关键词 稳中求进 以进促稳 先立后破 中国式现代化
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各向异性地层中随钻地层测试压力响应数值模拟 被引量:1
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作者 马天寿 曹刚 +2 位作者 彭念 田薇 王强 《长江大学学报(自然科学版)》 2024年第1期66-78,F0003,共14页
在随钻地层测试器测试过程中,钻井液动态侵入和地层各向异性会导致不同的压力响应特征,并直接影响地层压力测试结果的解释精度。为此,基于各向异性多孔介质渗流理论,建立了钻井液侵入条件下横观各向同性地层随钻地层测试压力响应数学模... 在随钻地层测试器测试过程中,钻井液动态侵入和地层各向异性会导致不同的压力响应特征,并直接影响地层压力测试结果的解释精度。为此,基于各向异性多孔介质渗流理论,建立了钻井液侵入条件下横观各向同性地层随钻地层测试压力响应数学模型,采用有限元方法对模型进行求解,通过与经典解析解对比进行了模型验证,并分析了渗透率各向异性、地层产状、抽吸间歇时间、抽吸探头半径对随钻地层测试压力响应的影响规律。结果表明:在抽吸前阶段,地层各向异性和地层产状对钻井液侵入导致的井周增压影响较大;在压力恢复阶段,由于井周地层增压作用的影响,测试压力响应初始值会高于原始地层压力,且压力呈先升高后降低的演化趋势;渗透率各向异性程度越小、地层倾角和倾向越小,抽吸压降阶段的压力响应初始值越大、压降值越大、压力恢复速率越低;抽吸间隔时间和抽吸探头半径对压力响应也有一定影响,抽吸间隔时间越小,测试初始压力越大,探头半径越大,压力恢复速率越快。揭示了渗透率各向异性对随钻地层测试压力响应的影响规律,研究结果可为随钻地层测试结果解释和地层参数反演提供理论依据。 展开更多
关键词 随钻地层测试 钻井液侵入 各向异性 渗透率 压力响应 数值模拟
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随钻电成像仪器磁流激励仿真和图像增强方法
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作者 于增辉 刘保银 +1 位作者 卢涛 刘耀伟 《中国石油大学学报(自然科学版)》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第4期92-100,共9页
提出采用磁流替代环形线圈激励源方法模拟随钻电成像仪器(REIT)响应,在考察随钻电成像测井仪器的探测特性基础上进行环境校正方法研究,旨在获得清晰度增强图像。考虑偏心距、地层电性参数、井眼参数变化,建立仪器响应函数库,利用查库方... 提出采用磁流替代环形线圈激励源方法模拟随钻电成像仪器(REIT)响应,在考察随钻电成像测井仪器的探测特性基础上进行环境校正方法研究,旨在获得清晰度增强图像。考虑偏心距、地层电性参数、井眼参数变化,建立仪器响应函数库,利用查库方法反演偏心距并对图像进行井眼环境校正和软件聚集增强处理,实现提高图像质量目的。结果表明,采用本文给出的方法可以对仪器原始采集的电信号进行井眼环境校正和图像增强,对提高图像质量、消除井眼环境对测量影响具有良好效果,在成像测井地层评价、随钻电成像地质导向应用中都具有重要意义。 展开更多
关键词 随钻电成像 反演 偏心 环境校正 图像增强
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基于正则化约束的方位伽马成像测井分辨率提高方法
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作者 于华伟 赵帅 +4 位作者 岳喜洲 李国玉 邵才瑞 肖红兵 陈瑾泓 《测井技术》 CAS 2024年第3期301-307,共7页
随钻方位伽马测井可以用于地层放射性强度分析及地质导向、储层界面识别,但受到统计误差的影响非常大,曲线和成像分辨率不高,特别是在对比度不高的地层中,这种影响更明显。为了提高随钻方位伽马测井的成像分辨率,提出一种基于仪器响应... 随钻方位伽马测井可以用于地层放射性强度分析及地质导向、储层界面识别,但受到统计误差的影响非常大,曲线和成像分辨率不高,特别是在对比度不高的地层中,这种影响更明显。为了提高随钻方位伽马测井的成像分辨率,提出一种基于仪器响应特性对方位伽马数据进行正则化处理的方法,以获得更准确的地层放射性强度。首先根据探测器响应原理,采用数值模拟和实验方法得到方位伽马测井的响应灵敏函数,并验证得到的灵敏因子的准确性。然后,通过构造正则化计算公式、调整计算参数对测量的原始方位伽马数据进行处理。结果表明:经该方法处理后得到方位伽马曲线的聚焦性能、对比度得到提高,避免了过去使用线性求解方法所导致的过拟合问题,且伽马成像分辨率有显著增强,薄层识别能力也得到一定改善。该方法能够提供更加准确和清晰的成像结果,提高仪器的地质导向能力和储层钻遇率。 展开更多
关键词 随钻方位伽马测井 成像分辨率 正则化 放射性强度 蒙特卡罗模拟
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钻爆法机械化施工隧道随钻地震波超前地质探测技术研究
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作者 李术才 王鑫 +2 位作者 郭伟东 田箴言 石少帅 《隧道建设(中英文)》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第4期617-632,I0005-I0020,共32页
为适应我国隧道建设机械化、智能化、无人化发展趋势,围绕钻爆法机械化施工隧道,提出以凿岩台车破岩振动为震源的钻爆法机械化施工隧道随钻地震波超前地质探测技术。针对凿岩台车多震源连续激发带来的地震数据波场混叠、有效信息难以识... 为适应我国隧道建设机械化、智能化、无人化发展趋势,围绕钻爆法机械化施工隧道,提出以凿岩台车破岩振动为震源的钻爆法机械化施工隧道随钻地震波超前地质探测技术。针对凿岩台车多震源连续激发带来的地震数据波场混叠、有效信息难以识别问题开展相关研究,提出VMD-SVD-RobustICA三臂混合先导信号分离方法与脉冲反褶积-小波域互相关地震记录重构方法,可实现三臂混合先导信号的分离与有效反射信号的提取。工程实践证明,利用凿岩台车搭载式无线高精度探测装备,该技术可初步实现“边钻边探”,降低预报环节对钻爆法机械化施工隧道正常施工带来的影响。最后,明确该技术目前存在的问题及解决思路。 展开更多
关键词 钻爆法隧道 机械化施工 凿岩台车 随钻震源 超前地质预报
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