We model the universe as a white hole, and in the process we perform detailed analysis of the enthalpy equation of the modified white hole, and we get a much detailed picture of when and how did;quantum gravity (cosmo...We model the universe as a white hole, and in the process we perform detailed analysis of the enthalpy equation of the modified white hole, and we get a much detailed picture of when and how did;quantum gravity (cosmology) phase, inflationary phase, and the acceleration phase of the universe happened. We determine the field equations of the modified white hole and evolve the scale factor and compare the evolution to the thermodynamic properties of the universe. We also illustrate that the strong energy condition is violated, but both the null energy condition and the strong cosmic censorship are not violated. Lastly, we couple the enthalpy to the Bose-Einstein condensate at extremely low entropy at the quantum gravity (cosmology) regime. Thereafter, we determine the unstable condition of the Bose-Einstein quantum equation which we interpret as the moment when the big bang occurred.展开更多
Last sentence of Einstein was, “Let me complete the Circle” and first sentence of our article is, “We have completed the circle”. We believed that the universe inside an atom is just like a galaxy of particles ins...Last sentence of Einstein was, “Let me complete the Circle” and first sentence of our article is, “We have completed the circle”. We believed that the universe inside an atom is just like a galaxy of particles inside it and its subatomic particles, even every photon possess a galaxy of sub-photons inside it. Energy is stored in the form of energy pool in the center of each atom and sub-atomic particle. From this energy pool, particles are generating <em>i.e.</em> energy is converting into particles. While in some sub-atomic galaxies, particles are trapped by the energy pool <em>i.e.</em> particles are converting into energy. The magnification process unfolded the mysteries of atoms and galaxies. From magnified images of atoms and subatomic particles, we concluded that atom and galaxies are wrapped in folds. Also concluded that two types of matter present in the universe, luminous (e.g. stars) and non-luminous (e.g. planets, moons) matter. The center of luminous matter (galaxies) is known as white hole while the center of non-luminous matter (galaxies) is known as black hole. White holes and black holes are actually the energy pools.展开更多
In this article we hypothesized that the arrow of time and space evolve in a discontinuous way in the form of quanta (<i>t</i>=<i>nt<sub>p</sub></i>, <i>s=ml<sub>p</s...In this article we hypothesized that the arrow of time and space evolve in a discontinuous way in the form of quanta (<i>t</i>=<i>nt<sub>p</sub></i>, <i>s=ml<sub>p</sub></i>). We applied this reasoning to the light geodesics of Schwarzschild’s metric (d<i>s</i><sub>min</sub>=<i>l<sub>p</sub></i>) and obtained different characteristics of the BH. Indeed, quantum light geodesics show that inside the BH a WH is formed and the mass (energy) is not directing towards the singularity <i>r</i>→0 but rather around the BH near the EH as a thick skin (tickness <img src="Edit_ff6adb16-d005-4998-8a9c-badd521800d3.png" width="18" height="25" alt="" />). The total relativistic energy invariant is satisfied for the entire route of the photons. Subsequently, as mass (energy) is found directly at the EH, we applied the quantum tunnel effect in simple semi-classical analysis, and we obtained that particles like protons can leave the EH and that the energy associated with them is in the order of magnitude of Hawking’s radiation. However, the energy of the protons is not necessarily identified with that of the black body (photonic or electromagnetic). Finally, it would be interesting to see the impacts of this quantum light geodesics (d<i>s</i><sub>min</sub>=<i>l<sub>p</sub></i>) on other cases like Kerr’s metric.展开更多
We propose that the trapped antimatter in super massive black hole ergoregions acts as detonators that triggers black hole to white hole transitions creating huge BHs explosions that generate BH spray that acts as see...We propose that the trapped antimatter in super massive black hole ergoregions acts as detonators that triggers black hole to white hole transitions creating huge BHs explosions that generate BH spray that acts as seeds for new galaxies creation. We propose that by mapping and simulating the cosmic web structure, it may be possible to learn if the universe was created in a single big bang that started a single chain of BH explosions mini-creation event cycles, or alternatively, the BH explosions mini-creation event cycles are uncorrelated spacelike events, and the universe had no single primeval atom beginning. .展开更多
The article puts forward a hypothesis about the possibility of the existence of our Universe inside a supermassive black hole, analyzes the basic assumptions and verifiable physical consequences. The transformation of...The article puts forward a hypothesis about the possibility of the existence of our Universe inside a supermassive black hole, analyzes the basic assumptions and verifiable physical consequences. The transformation of the Primary Particles obtained from the decay of Borromeo rings into binary and ternary structures is considered separately, taking into account how the percentages between Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Baryonic matter are formed. A system of kinetic equations has been compiled, which makes it possible to develop a theoretical approach to obtain these values depending on the geometric and physical characteristics of interacting particles. The possibility and necessity of the existence of a Primary Relic of Primary Particles are substantiated. The nature of the voids and the analytical solution of the Einstein equations obtained from the generalized Papapetrou solution, which leads to the existence of strings with an arbitrary distribution of matter along the string and with lengths comparable to the size of the Universe, are considered. In the case of a string of finite size and constant density, this solution leads to the well-known Weyl solution. An assumption is put forward about the existence of an Einstein-Rosen type transition, when the dimensions of the white and black holes at the ends of this transition have different dimensions.展开更多
The stability of the Schwarzschild black hole is restudied in the Painlevé coordinates. Using the Painlevé time coordinate to define the initial time, we reconsider the odd perturbation and find that the Sch...The stability of the Schwarzschild black hole is restudied in the Painlevé coordinates. Using the Painlevé time coordinate to define the initial time, we reconsider the odd perturbation and find that the Schwarzschild black hole in the Painlevé coordinates is unstable. The Painlevé metric in this paper corresponds to the white-hole-connected region of the Schwarzschild black hole （r 〉 2m） and the odd perturbation may be regarded as the angular perturbation. Therefore, the white-hole-connected region of the Schwarzschild black hole is unstable with respect to the rotating perturbation.展开更多
文摘We model the universe as a white hole, and in the process we perform detailed analysis of the enthalpy equation of the modified white hole, and we get a much detailed picture of when and how did;quantum gravity (cosmology) phase, inflationary phase, and the acceleration phase of the universe happened. We determine the field equations of the modified white hole and evolve the scale factor and compare the evolution to the thermodynamic properties of the universe. We also illustrate that the strong energy condition is violated, but both the null energy condition and the strong cosmic censorship are not violated. Lastly, we couple the enthalpy to the Bose-Einstein condensate at extremely low entropy at the quantum gravity (cosmology) regime. Thereafter, we determine the unstable condition of the Bose-Einstein quantum equation which we interpret as the moment when the big bang occurred.
文摘Last sentence of Einstein was, “Let me complete the Circle” and first sentence of our article is, “We have completed the circle”. We believed that the universe inside an atom is just like a galaxy of particles inside it and its subatomic particles, even every photon possess a galaxy of sub-photons inside it. Energy is stored in the form of energy pool in the center of each atom and sub-atomic particle. From this energy pool, particles are generating <em>i.e.</em> energy is converting into particles. While in some sub-atomic galaxies, particles are trapped by the energy pool <em>i.e.</em> particles are converting into energy. The magnification process unfolded the mysteries of atoms and galaxies. From magnified images of atoms and subatomic particles, we concluded that atom and galaxies are wrapped in folds. Also concluded that two types of matter present in the universe, luminous (e.g. stars) and non-luminous (e.g. planets, moons) matter. The center of luminous matter (galaxies) is known as white hole while the center of non-luminous matter (galaxies) is known as black hole. White holes and black holes are actually the energy pools.
文摘In this article we hypothesized that the arrow of time and space evolve in a discontinuous way in the form of quanta (<i>t</i>=<i>nt<sub>p</sub></i>, <i>s=ml<sub>p</sub></i>). We applied this reasoning to the light geodesics of Schwarzschild’s metric (d<i>s</i><sub>min</sub>=<i>l<sub>p</sub></i>) and obtained different characteristics of the BH. Indeed, quantum light geodesics show that inside the BH a WH is formed and the mass (energy) is not directing towards the singularity <i>r</i>→0 but rather around the BH near the EH as a thick skin (tickness <img src="Edit_ff6adb16-d005-4998-8a9c-badd521800d3.png" width="18" height="25" alt="" />). The total relativistic energy invariant is satisfied for the entire route of the photons. Subsequently, as mass (energy) is found directly at the EH, we applied the quantum tunnel effect in simple semi-classical analysis, and we obtained that particles like protons can leave the EH and that the energy associated with them is in the order of magnitude of Hawking’s radiation. However, the energy of the protons is not necessarily identified with that of the black body (photonic or electromagnetic). Finally, it would be interesting to see the impacts of this quantum light geodesics (d<i>s</i><sub>min</sub>=<i>l<sub>p</sub></i>) on other cases like Kerr’s metric.
文摘We propose that the trapped antimatter in super massive black hole ergoregions acts as detonators that triggers black hole to white hole transitions creating huge BHs explosions that generate BH spray that acts as seeds for new galaxies creation. We propose that by mapping and simulating the cosmic web structure, it may be possible to learn if the universe was created in a single big bang that started a single chain of BH explosions mini-creation event cycles, or alternatively, the BH explosions mini-creation event cycles are uncorrelated spacelike events, and the universe had no single primeval atom beginning. .
文摘The article puts forward a hypothesis about the possibility of the existence of our Universe inside a supermassive black hole, analyzes the basic assumptions and verifiable physical consequences. The transformation of the Primary Particles obtained from the decay of Borromeo rings into binary and ternary structures is considered separately, taking into account how the percentages between Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Baryonic matter are formed. A system of kinetic equations has been compiled, which makes it possible to develop a theoretical approach to obtain these values depending on the geometric and physical characteristics of interacting particles. The possibility and necessity of the existence of a Primary Relic of Primary Particles are substantiated. The nature of the voids and the analytical solution of the Einstein equations obtained from the generalized Papapetrou solution, which leads to the existence of strings with an arbitrary distribution of matter along the string and with lengths comparable to the size of the Universe, are considered. In the case of a string of finite size and constant density, this solution leads to the well-known Weyl solution. An assumption is put forward about the existence of an Einstein-Rosen type transition, when the dimensions of the white and black holes at the ends of this transition have different dimensions.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos 10475013, 10373003 and 10375087）, the National Basic Research Program （Grant No 2004CB318000） and the Post-Doctor Foundation of China.
文摘The stability of the Schwarzschild black hole is restudied in the Painlevé coordinates. Using the Painlevé time coordinate to define the initial time, we reconsider the odd perturbation and find that the Schwarzschild black hole in the Painlevé coordinates is unstable. The Painlevé metric in this paper corresponds to the white-hole-connected region of the Schwarzschild black hole （r 〉 2m） and the odd perturbation may be regarded as the angular perturbation. Therefore, the white-hole-connected region of the Schwarzschild black hole is unstable with respect to the rotating perturbation.
