Broken and cracked eggshells cause major economic losses to the egg production industry. An F2 population of 262 hens obtained by crossing a strong egg shell line with a weak egg shell line of the White Leghorn breed ...Broken and cracked eggshells cause major economic losses to the egg production industry. An F2 population of 262 hens obtained by crossing a strong egg shell line with a weak egg shell line of the White Leghorn breed was used for detecting the quantitative trait loci （QTL） affecting eggshell quality. The 2 lines were developed from the same founder population by two-way selection for egg shell strength with nondestructive deformation. Of the 1 014 microsatellite markers tested, 35 were mapped on 10 autosomal linkage groups. There was no informative marker on chromosome Z. The QTLs associated with 7 traits, i.e., body weight, short length of egg, long length of egg, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness （EST）, eggshell weight （ESW）, and egg weight （EW）, were identified. Highly significant （P〈0.01） QTLs associated with EST and ESW and a significant （P〈 0.05） QTL associated with EW were mapped to a region flanking ABR0545 and ABR0362 on chromosome 9. These QTLs are good candidates to be employed in the development of strategies for reducing the number of broken and cracked eggs in commercial layer houses by employing marker assisted selection.展开更多
【目的】克隆白来航鸡干扰素基因刺激因子基因(stimulator of interferon genes,STING)CDS区序列并进行生物信息学和组织表达分析,为阐明STING基因在抗病毒免疫应答中的作用奠定基础。【方法】采用PCR扩增并克隆白来航鸡STING基因CDS区...【目的】克隆白来航鸡干扰素基因刺激因子基因(stimulator of interferon genes,STING)CDS区序列并进行生物信息学和组织表达分析,为阐明STING基因在抗病毒免疫应答中的作用奠定基础。【方法】采用PCR扩增并克隆白来航鸡STING基因CDS区,测序后对其编码氨基酸序列进行相似性比对及系统进化树构建,利用生物信息学预测STING蛋白的理化特性及结构功能,并利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测STING基因在鸡心脏、肝脏等14个组织中的表达情况。【结果】白来航鸡STING基因CDS区序列全长1140 bp,编码379个氨基酸。相似性比对和系统进化树分析结果表明,白来航鸡STING基因与原鸡的相似性最高(99.7%),亲缘关系最近,与冠小嘴乌鸦亲缘关系最远。STING蛋白为酸性、亲水性蛋白,分子质量为42.625 ku,等电点(pI)为6.67,不稳定系数为69.26,脂肪系数为105.01。该蛋白大部分在线粒体和内质网上合成,含有跨膜结构,不含信号肽。STING蛋白二级结构包括α-螺旋(54.62%)、延伸链(10.29%)、β-转角(3.43%)及无规则卷曲(31.66%)。蛋白互作分析表明,白来航鸡STING蛋白与NFKB1、DDX41、cGAS、TBK1等蛋白存在相互作用。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,STING基因在白来航鸡组织中广泛表达,其中在肺脏中表达量最高,且显著高于其他组织(P<0.05);在胸肌中表达量最低。【结论】本研究成功克隆了白来航鸡STING基因,其CDS区序列全长1140 bp,编码379个氨基酸。白来航鸡STING蛋白为酸性、亲水性蛋白,含有跨膜结构。STING基因在白来航鸡肺脏中表达量最高。研究结果为深入探究白来航鸡STING基因编码蛋白功能提供了材料。展开更多
Jinyang Ⅲ strain of late-feathering Leghorn chicken has been successively selectedwith comprehensive index for 7 generations by family breeding method of mass-first and closing-late.As compared with the control,the s...Jinyang Ⅲ strain of late-feathering Leghorn chicken has been successively selectedwith comprehensive index for 7 generations by family breeding method of mass-first and closing-late.As compared with the control,the selection result is average 7 days earlier at first laying forevery generation,more than 13 of egg number at age of 300 days and higher than 0.63% for sur-vival rate in laying period.Main laying performances are as follows:age at first laying 156±10.4days;egg number at age of 300 days 99±26.O;egg number and egg weight at 72 weeks of age 226±38.8 and 58.2±4.6g respectively.Through cross breeding selection,a series of white-shell au-tosexing chicken has been developed.More than 5.1 million commercial sex-identified chickenhave been released as well.展开更多
旨在通过分析白来航(White Leghorn,WL)和雪域白鸡(Xueyu White chicken,XYW)在低氧条件下孵化时胚胎心脏组织的基因表达差异,挖掘鸡胚低氧适应候选基因。本研究在高海拔环境孵化雪域白鸡和白来航鸡种蛋,采集孵化第16天胚胎心脏组织,提...旨在通过分析白来航(White Leghorn,WL)和雪域白鸡(Xueyu White chicken,XYW)在低氧条件下孵化时胚胎心脏组织的基因表达差异,挖掘鸡胚低氧适应候选基因。本研究在高海拔环境孵化雪域白鸡和白来航鸡种蛋,采集孵化第16天胚胎心脏组织,提取RNA,进行转录组测序(RNA-seq),筛选差异表达基因(DEGs),并对其进行荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)验证、功能富集分析和构建转录因子-靶基因调控网络,鉴定与雪域白鸡低氧适应相关的候选基因。在雪域白鸡和白来航鸡的心脏组织之间筛选到253个DEGs,随机选择5个DEGs进行qRT-PCR验证,表达趋势与测序结果一致。功能富集分析表明,DEGs主要涉及心血管发育和心脏功能相关的生物学过程和信号通路。将DEGs和已知的鸡转录因子对比,筛选到FOXP2和HOXA2,参与调控血管生成、心肌收缩等,对雪域白鸡胚胎低氧适应起关键作用。本研究通过鸡胚心脏组织转录组数据分析,鉴定到TENM2、NOG、SMOC1、CCBE1等鸡胚高原低氧适应候选基因,为解析雪域白鸡高原低氧适应分子机制提供理论依据。展开更多
本研究旨在研究笼养河谷藏鸡(HGZJ)与白来航鸡(BLHJ)肠道细菌群落分布特征,探究相同饲养模式下两个不同品种鸡肠道内微生物菌群的组成及其差异。随机收集藏鸡组(I组、II组),白来航鸡(Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组)的新鲜粪便各3份,应用16SrRNA基因V3-V4...本研究旨在研究笼养河谷藏鸡(HGZJ)与白来航鸡(BLHJ)肠道细菌群落分布特征,探究相同饲养模式下两个不同品种鸡肠道内微生物菌群的组成及其差异。随机收集藏鸡组(I组、II组),白来航鸡(Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组)的新鲜粪便各3份,应用16SrRNA基因V3-V4可变区进行高通量测序,研究笼养河谷藏鸡与白来航鸡粪便样品细菌群落组成与结构特征。结果表明:在门水平上,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)在HGZJ、BLHJ中都是优势种群,相对丰度分别为53.53%和76.18%。在科水平上,乳杆菌科(Lactobacillaceae)、肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)、螺杆菌科(Helicobacteraceae)和莫拉菌科(Moraxellaceae)在HGZJ中含量较高,分别占到总菌落种群的30.14%、12.87%、8.04%和11.20%;乳杆菌科(Lactobacillaceae)在BLHJ中含量较低,仅为0.3%;梭菌科(Clostridiaceae)和毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)在BLHJ中含量较高,分别为29.06%和14.74%,相反,梭菌科(Clostridiaceae)在藏鸡中含量较低,占到总菌落种群的13.37%。在属水平上,BLHJ样品中检测到47个属,其优势属为Clostridium sensu stricto(梭菌属);HGZJ中40个属,其优势属为Lactobacillus(乳酸菌属)。从细菌群落热图可以看出,BLHJ和HGZJ细菌群落结构有一定的差距性。本研究发现在同样的饲养条件下的笼养河谷藏鸡与白来航鸡,肠道细菌群落结构存在一定的差异。展开更多
文摘Broken and cracked eggshells cause major economic losses to the egg production industry. An F2 population of 262 hens obtained by crossing a strong egg shell line with a weak egg shell line of the White Leghorn breed was used for detecting the quantitative trait loci （QTL） affecting eggshell quality. The 2 lines were developed from the same founder population by two-way selection for egg shell strength with nondestructive deformation. Of the 1 014 microsatellite markers tested, 35 were mapped on 10 autosomal linkage groups. There was no informative marker on chromosome Z. The QTLs associated with 7 traits, i.e., body weight, short length of egg, long length of egg, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness （EST）, eggshell weight （ESW）, and egg weight （EW）, were identified. Highly significant （P〈0.01） QTLs associated with EST and ESW and a significant （P〈 0.05） QTL associated with EW were mapped to a region flanking ABR0545 and ABR0362 on chromosome 9. These QTLs are good candidates to be employed in the development of strategies for reducing the number of broken and cracked eggs in commercial layer houses by employing marker assisted selection.
文摘Jinyang Ⅲ strain of late-feathering Leghorn chicken has been successively selectedwith comprehensive index for 7 generations by family breeding method of mass-first and closing-late.As compared with the control,the selection result is average 7 days earlier at first laying forevery generation,more than 13 of egg number at age of 300 days and higher than 0.63% for sur-vival rate in laying period.Main laying performances are as follows:age at first laying 156±10.4days;egg number at age of 300 days 99±26.O;egg number and egg weight at 72 weeks of age 226±38.8 and 58.2±4.6g respectively.Through cross breeding selection,a series of white-shell au-tosexing chicken has been developed.More than 5.1 million commercial sex-identified chickenhave been released as well.
文摘旨在通过分析白来航(White Leghorn,WL)和雪域白鸡(Xueyu White chicken,XYW)在低氧条件下孵化时胚胎心脏组织的基因表达差异,挖掘鸡胚低氧适应候选基因。本研究在高海拔环境孵化雪域白鸡和白来航鸡种蛋,采集孵化第16天胚胎心脏组织,提取RNA,进行转录组测序(RNA-seq),筛选差异表达基因(DEGs),并对其进行荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)验证、功能富集分析和构建转录因子-靶基因调控网络,鉴定与雪域白鸡低氧适应相关的候选基因。在雪域白鸡和白来航鸡的心脏组织之间筛选到253个DEGs,随机选择5个DEGs进行qRT-PCR验证,表达趋势与测序结果一致。功能富集分析表明,DEGs主要涉及心血管发育和心脏功能相关的生物学过程和信号通路。将DEGs和已知的鸡转录因子对比,筛选到FOXP2和HOXA2,参与调控血管生成、心肌收缩等,对雪域白鸡胚胎低氧适应起关键作用。本研究通过鸡胚心脏组织转录组数据分析,鉴定到TENM2、NOG、SMOC1、CCBE1等鸡胚高原低氧适应候选基因,为解析雪域白鸡高原低氧适应分子机制提供理论依据。
文摘本研究旨在研究笼养河谷藏鸡(HGZJ)与白来航鸡(BLHJ)肠道细菌群落分布特征,探究相同饲养模式下两个不同品种鸡肠道内微生物菌群的组成及其差异。随机收集藏鸡组(I组、II组),白来航鸡(Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组)的新鲜粪便各3份,应用16SrRNA基因V3-V4可变区进行高通量测序,研究笼养河谷藏鸡与白来航鸡粪便样品细菌群落组成与结构特征。结果表明:在门水平上,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)在HGZJ、BLHJ中都是优势种群,相对丰度分别为53.53%和76.18%。在科水平上,乳杆菌科(Lactobacillaceae)、肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)、螺杆菌科(Helicobacteraceae)和莫拉菌科(Moraxellaceae)在HGZJ中含量较高,分别占到总菌落种群的30.14%、12.87%、8.04%和11.20%;乳杆菌科(Lactobacillaceae)在BLHJ中含量较低,仅为0.3%;梭菌科(Clostridiaceae)和毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)在BLHJ中含量较高,分别为29.06%和14.74%,相反,梭菌科(Clostridiaceae)在藏鸡中含量较低,占到总菌落种群的13.37%。在属水平上,BLHJ样品中检测到47个属,其优势属为Clostridium sensu stricto(梭菌属);HGZJ中40个属,其优势属为Lactobacillus(乳酸菌属)。从细菌群落热图可以看出,BLHJ和HGZJ细菌群落结构有一定的差距性。本研究发现在同样的饲养条件下的笼养河谷藏鸡与白来航鸡,肠道细菌群落结构存在一定的差异。
