Aging is one of the most significant health challenges worldwide and is a primary cause of chronic diseases and physiological decline.Among the myriad changes that occur with aging,alterations in adipose tissue distri...Aging is one of the most significant health challenges worldwide and is a primary cause of chronic diseases and physiological decline.Among the myriad changes that occur with aging,alterations in adipose tissue distribution and function have gained considerable attention because of their profound impact on metabolic health and overall well-being.Subcutaneous adipose tissue(SAT)and visceral adipose tissue(VAT)are the two major depots of white adipose tissue,each with distinct roles in metabolism and health.Understanding the characteristics and underlying mechanisms of SAT and VAT is crucial for elucidating the aging process and developing strategies to promote healthy aging.This review focuses on delineating and analyzing the characteristics and intrinsic mechanisms underlying the aging of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue during the aging process,which can contribute to a better understanding of the aging process and enhance healthy aging.展开更多
The adipose tissue of the body is classified into two types: white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue;the former is mainly responsible for storing energy and the latter is to produce heat and dissipate energy. Re...The adipose tissue of the body is classified into two types: white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue;the former is mainly responsible for storing energy and the latter is to produce heat and dissipate energy. Recent research has shown that there is a third type of adipose tissue, namely white adipose tissue browning, i.e., brown adipose tissue existing inside the white adipose tissue. Brown adipose tissue, which is converted from white adipose tissue, is similar to brown adipocytes in function. Browning is one of the important features of lipid metabolism of cancer cachexia. On the one hand, white adipose tissue affects metabolism through increasing the amount of heat consumption after browning, resulting in a decrease in fat;on the other hand, the browning process participates in the process of the occurrence and development of cancer cachexia. Two driving factors, interleukin-6 and parathyroid hormone related protein, play an important role in this browning process. They are secreted by tumor tissue, mainly through the exciting sympathetic nervous system to release norepinephrine, and act on β3 adrenergic receptor of the adipocytes and further activate the the transcription factors which corresponded heat-production gene expression such as uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), leading to white adipose tissue browning. The browning process is the early event of the occurrence of cancer cachexia and continues throughout the entire process of cancer cachexia. Therefore, early detection of the browning process will facilitate the development of intervention approach, improving the clinical outcome of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment for cancer cachexia.展开更多
Objective: This study was performed to analyze the modifications within adipose tissue during calorie restriction and more specifically to state whether hysteresis occurs during fat mass reduction. Method: Rats male W...Objective: This study was performed to analyze the modifications within adipose tissue during calorie restriction and more specifically to state whether hysteresis occurs during fat mass reduction. Method: Rats male Wistar increased their body weight by 130 g under control conditions and were then submitted to a calorie restriction (CR) at 30% or 60% of control. Experiment has been stopped when the body weight of the group CR60% returned back to its initial value. Samples of retroperitoneal adipose tissue were collected by biopsies along the study. Adipose cell size was analyzed using multisizer IV (Beckman Coulter) to determine the size distribution curves during natural growth and after calorie restriction. Results: After CR60%, body weights and adipose tissue masses were similar to the ones at the beginning of the experiment. Adipose cell size distribution curve was shifted to the left compared to the one of initial control. Adipose cell sizes were significantly lower after CR60% than those of control at the beginning of the experiment. Conclusions: These results state for the first time that hysteresis occurs in white adipose tissue after calorie restriction. The composition of adipose tissue after calorie restriction was significantly different than the one of initial control. After significant weight loss, organisms must be considered as different from the initial controls, they are most likely governed by different regulations which will have to be identified.展开更多
In plastic and reconstructive surgery there is an increasing demand for malleable implants to repair soft tissue congenital defects, or those resulting from aging, traumatic injury and tumour resection. However, curre...In plastic and reconstructive surgery there is an increasing demand for malleable implants to repair soft tissue congenital defects, or those resulting from aging, traumatic injury and tumour resection. However, currently available methods present a number of limitations such as volume loss over time and eventual resorption of the graft. Tissue engineering techniques provide promising therapeutic solutions to these inconveniences through development of engineered equivalents that best imitate adipose tissue, both structurally and functionally. Here we review the latest achievements in the human adipose tissue engineering field, with a focus on its regenerative potential for a number of clinical applications.展开更多
Obesity triggers inflammatory responses in the microenvironment of white adipose tissue, resulting in chronic systemic inflammation and the subsequent development of non-communicable diseases, including type 2 diabete...Obesity triggers inflammatory responses in the microenvironment of white adipose tissue, resulting in chronic systemic inflammation and the subsequent development of non-communicable diseases, including type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and breast cancer. Current therapy approaches for obesity-induced non-communicable diseases persist in prioritizing symptom remission while frequently overlooking the criticality of targeting and alleviating inflammation at its source. Accordingly, this review highlights the importance of the microenvironment of obese white adipose tissue and the promising potential of employing immunotherapy to target it as an effective therapeutic approach for non-communicable diseases induced by obesity. Additionally, this review discusses the challenges and offers perspective about the immunotherapy targeting the microenvironment of obese white adipose tissue.展开更多
目的揭示肥胖诱发脂肪组织线粒体蛋白质组的变化,并探索变化的可能机制,实现针对小鼠脂肪组织线粒体蛋白质组的深度测序和准确定量。方法利用数据依赖型(DDA)质谱方法鉴定小鼠白色脂肪组织和棕色脂肪组织中的线粒体蛋白;利用新型SWATH(s...目的揭示肥胖诱发脂肪组织线粒体蛋白质组的变化,并探索变化的可能机制,实现针对小鼠脂肪组织线粒体蛋白质组的深度测序和准确定量。方法利用数据依赖型(DDA)质谱方法鉴定小鼠白色脂肪组织和棕色脂肪组织中的线粒体蛋白;利用新型SWATH(sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra)质谱技术定量肥胖小鼠和野生型小鼠不同脂肪组织中线粒体蛋白,同时对表达差异的线粒体蛋白进行功能分析。实验步骤:1用组织线粒体提取试剂盒特异性提取不同类型脂肪组织线粒体蛋白;2用10%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳预分离线粒体蛋白;3利用DDA方法建立线粒体蛋白质谱文库;4利用SWATH质谱方法定量线粒体蛋白;5利用Peak View2.0软件提取碎片离子色谱峰并进行积分计算其峰面积;6根据KEGG(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)通路和GO(Gene Ontology)功能分类分析肥胖小鼠和正常小鼠脂肪组织表达差异蛋白的生物功能。结果在白色脂肪组织和棕色脂肪组织分别准确鉴定并定量线粒体定位蛋白1000和1039种,3次生物学重复实验中共鉴定包括线粒体氨肟还原成分1在内的25种线粒体蛋白在白色脂肪组织特异性表达,包括非偶联蛋白3在内的21种线粒体蛋白在棕色脂肪组织特异性表达。肥胖小鼠与正常小鼠相比,白色脂肪组织中共有25种线粒体蛋白表达显著上调(上调倍数≥2,P<0.01),有47种线粒体蛋白表达显著下调(下调倍数≥2,P<0.01);棕色脂肪组织中有26种线粒体蛋白表达显著上调(上调倍数≥2,P<0.01),有21种线粒体蛋白表达显著下调(下调倍数≥2,P<0.01)。结论脂肪组织线粒体蛋白质组的定量及生物信息学的分析表明,肥胖导致线粒体内三羧酸循环、氧化磷酸化、脂肪酸的合成和降解以及对外源性物质的代谢等重要的信号通路发生紊乱,并准确鉴定、定量其相关表达差异蛋白,为肥胖导致代谢紊乱的机制研究提供重要的数据支持。展开更多
In adults, adipose tissue is abundant and can be easily sampled using liposuction. Largely involved in obesity and associated metabolic disorders, it is now described as a reservoir of immature stromal cells. These ce...In adults, adipose tissue is abundant and can be easily sampled using liposuction. Largely involved in obesity and associated metabolic disorders, it is now described as a reservoir of immature stromal cells. These cells, called adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) must be distinguished from the crude stromal vascular fraction (SVF) obtained after digestion of adipose tissue. ADSCs share many features with mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, including paracrine activity, but they also display some specific features, including a greater angiogenic potential. Their angiogenic properties as well as their paracrine activity suggest a putative tumor-promoting role for ADSCs although contradictory data have been published on this issue. Both SVF cells and ADSCs are currently being investigated in clinical trials in several fields (chronic inflammation, ischemic diseases, etc. ). Apart from a phase Ⅲ trial on the treatment of fistula,most of these are in phaseⅠand use autologous cells. In the near future, the end results of these trials should provide a great deal of data on the safety of ADSC use.展开更多
The increasing prevalence of obesity is alarming because it is a risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases(such as type 2 diabetes). The occurrence of these comorbidities in obese patients can arise from w...The increasing prevalence of obesity is alarming because it is a risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases(such as type 2 diabetes). The occurrence of these comorbidities in obese patients can arise from white adipose tissue(WAT) dysfunctions, which affect metabolism, insulin sensitivity and promote local and systemic inflammation. In mammals, WAT depots at different anatomical locations(subcutaneous, preperitoneal and visceral) are highly heterogeneous in their morpho-phenotypic profiles and contribute differently to homeostasis and obesity development, depending on their ability to trigger and modulate WAT inflammation. This heterogeneity is likely due to the differential behavior of cells from each depot. Numerous studies suggest that adiposederived stem/stromal cells(ASC; referred to as adipose progenitor cells, in vivo)with depot-specific gene expression profiles and adipogenic and immunomodulatory potentials are keys for the establishment of the morphofunctional heterogeneity between WAT depots, as well as for the development of depot-specific responses to metabolic challenges. In this review, we discuss depot-specific ASC properties and how they can contribute to the pathophysiology of obesity and metabolic disorders, to provide guidance for researchers and clinicians in the development of ASC-based therapeutic approaches.展开更多
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic. Promoting browning of white adipose tissue(WAT)contributes to increased energy expenditure and hence counteracts obesity. Here we show that cordycepin(Cpn), a natural derivative of ade...Obesity is a worldwide epidemic. Promoting browning of white adipose tissue(WAT)contributes to increased energy expenditure and hence counteracts obesity. Here we show that cordycepin(Cpn), a natural derivative of adenosine, increases energy expenditure, inhibits weight gain, improves metabolic profile and glucose tolerance, decreases WAT mass and adipocyte size, and enhances cold tolerance in normal and high-fat diet-fed mice. Cpn markedly increases the surface temperature around the inguinal WAT and turns the inguinal fat browner. Further investigations show that Cpn induces the development of brown-like adipocytes in inguinal and, to a less degree, epididymal WAT depots. Cpn also increases the expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1) and other thermogenic genes in WAT and3T3-L1 differentiated adipocytes, in which AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) plays an important role. Our results provide novel insights into the function of Cpn in regulating energy balance, and suggest a potential utility of Cpn in the treatment of obesity.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.82272289).
文摘Aging is one of the most significant health challenges worldwide and is a primary cause of chronic diseases and physiological decline.Among the myriad changes that occur with aging,alterations in adipose tissue distribution and function have gained considerable attention because of their profound impact on metabolic health and overall well-being.Subcutaneous adipose tissue(SAT)and visceral adipose tissue(VAT)are the two major depots of white adipose tissue,each with distinct roles in metabolism and health.Understanding the characteristics and underlying mechanisms of SAT and VAT is crucial for elucidating the aging process and developing strategies to promote healthy aging.This review focuses on delineating and analyzing the characteristics and intrinsic mechanisms underlying the aging of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue during the aging process,which can contribute to a better understanding of the aging process and enhance healthy aging.
文摘The adipose tissue of the body is classified into two types: white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue;the former is mainly responsible for storing energy and the latter is to produce heat and dissipate energy. Recent research has shown that there is a third type of adipose tissue, namely white adipose tissue browning, i.e., brown adipose tissue existing inside the white adipose tissue. Brown adipose tissue, which is converted from white adipose tissue, is similar to brown adipocytes in function. Browning is one of the important features of lipid metabolism of cancer cachexia. On the one hand, white adipose tissue affects metabolism through increasing the amount of heat consumption after browning, resulting in a decrease in fat;on the other hand, the browning process participates in the process of the occurrence and development of cancer cachexia. Two driving factors, interleukin-6 and parathyroid hormone related protein, play an important role in this browning process. They are secreted by tumor tissue, mainly through the exciting sympathetic nervous system to release norepinephrine, and act on β3 adrenergic receptor of the adipocytes and further activate the the transcription factors which corresponded heat-production gene expression such as uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), leading to white adipose tissue browning. The browning process is the early event of the occurrence of cancer cachexia and continues throughout the entire process of cancer cachexia. Therefore, early detection of the browning process will facilitate the development of intervention approach, improving the clinical outcome of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment for cancer cachexia.
文摘Objective: This study was performed to analyze the modifications within adipose tissue during calorie restriction and more specifically to state whether hysteresis occurs during fat mass reduction. Method: Rats male Wistar increased their body weight by 130 g under control conditions and were then submitted to a calorie restriction (CR) at 30% or 60% of control. Experiment has been stopped when the body weight of the group CR60% returned back to its initial value. Samples of retroperitoneal adipose tissue were collected by biopsies along the study. Adipose cell size was analyzed using multisizer IV (Beckman Coulter) to determine the size distribution curves during natural growth and after calorie restriction. Results: After CR60%, body weights and adipose tissue masses were similar to the ones at the beginning of the experiment. Adipose cell size distribution curve was shifted to the left compared to the one of initial control. Adipose cell sizes were significantly lower after CR60% than those of control at the beginning of the experiment. Conclusions: These results state for the first time that hysteresis occurs in white adipose tissue after calorie restriction. The composition of adipose tissue after calorie restriction was significantly different than the one of initial control. After significant weight loss, organisms must be considered as different from the initial controls, they are most likely governed by different regulations which will have to be identified.
文摘In plastic and reconstructive surgery there is an increasing demand for malleable implants to repair soft tissue congenital defects, or those resulting from aging, traumatic injury and tumour resection. However, currently available methods present a number of limitations such as volume loss over time and eventual resorption of the graft. Tissue engineering techniques provide promising therapeutic solutions to these inconveniences through development of engineered equivalents that best imitate adipose tissue, both structurally and functionally. Here we review the latest achievements in the human adipose tissue engineering field, with a focus on its regenerative potential for a number of clinical applications.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)(No.NRF-2022R1A4A1030421 and NRF-2020R1A2C3005834).
文摘Obesity triggers inflammatory responses in the microenvironment of white adipose tissue, resulting in chronic systemic inflammation and the subsequent development of non-communicable diseases, including type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and breast cancer. Current therapy approaches for obesity-induced non-communicable diseases persist in prioritizing symptom remission while frequently overlooking the criticality of targeting and alleviating inflammation at its source. Accordingly, this review highlights the importance of the microenvironment of obese white adipose tissue and the promising potential of employing immunotherapy to target it as an effective therapeutic approach for non-communicable diseases induced by obesity. Additionally, this review discusses the challenges and offers perspective about the immunotherapy targeting the microenvironment of obese white adipose tissue.
文摘目的揭示肥胖诱发脂肪组织线粒体蛋白质组的变化,并探索变化的可能机制,实现针对小鼠脂肪组织线粒体蛋白质组的深度测序和准确定量。方法利用数据依赖型(DDA)质谱方法鉴定小鼠白色脂肪组织和棕色脂肪组织中的线粒体蛋白;利用新型SWATH(sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra)质谱技术定量肥胖小鼠和野生型小鼠不同脂肪组织中线粒体蛋白,同时对表达差异的线粒体蛋白进行功能分析。实验步骤:1用组织线粒体提取试剂盒特异性提取不同类型脂肪组织线粒体蛋白;2用10%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳预分离线粒体蛋白;3利用DDA方法建立线粒体蛋白质谱文库;4利用SWATH质谱方法定量线粒体蛋白;5利用Peak View2.0软件提取碎片离子色谱峰并进行积分计算其峰面积;6根据KEGG(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)通路和GO(Gene Ontology)功能分类分析肥胖小鼠和正常小鼠脂肪组织表达差异蛋白的生物功能。结果在白色脂肪组织和棕色脂肪组织分别准确鉴定并定量线粒体定位蛋白1000和1039种,3次生物学重复实验中共鉴定包括线粒体氨肟还原成分1在内的25种线粒体蛋白在白色脂肪组织特异性表达,包括非偶联蛋白3在内的21种线粒体蛋白在棕色脂肪组织特异性表达。肥胖小鼠与正常小鼠相比,白色脂肪组织中共有25种线粒体蛋白表达显著上调(上调倍数≥2,P<0.01),有47种线粒体蛋白表达显著下调(下调倍数≥2,P<0.01);棕色脂肪组织中有26种线粒体蛋白表达显著上调(上调倍数≥2,P<0.01),有21种线粒体蛋白表达显著下调(下调倍数≥2,P<0.01)。结论脂肪组织线粒体蛋白质组的定量及生物信息学的分析表明,肥胖导致线粒体内三羧酸循环、氧化磷酸化、脂肪酸的合成和降解以及对外源性物质的代谢等重要的信号通路发生紊乱,并准确鉴定、定量其相关表达差异蛋白,为肥胖导致代谢紊乱的机制研究提供重要的数据支持。
文摘In adults, adipose tissue is abundant and can be easily sampled using liposuction. Largely involved in obesity and associated metabolic disorders, it is now described as a reservoir of immature stromal cells. These cells, called adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) must be distinguished from the crude stromal vascular fraction (SVF) obtained after digestion of adipose tissue. ADSCs share many features with mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, including paracrine activity, but they also display some specific features, including a greater angiogenic potential. Their angiogenic properties as well as their paracrine activity suggest a putative tumor-promoting role for ADSCs although contradictory data have been published on this issue. Both SVF cells and ADSCs are currently being investigated in clinical trials in several fields (chronic inflammation, ischemic diseases, etc. ). Apart from a phase Ⅲ trial on the treatment of fistula,most of these are in phaseⅠand use autologous cells. In the near future, the end results of these trials should provide a great deal of data on the safety of ADSC use.
基金the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)the Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)the Coordination of High Education Personnel Improvement (CAPES) for financial support
文摘The increasing prevalence of obesity is alarming because it is a risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases(such as type 2 diabetes). The occurrence of these comorbidities in obese patients can arise from white adipose tissue(WAT) dysfunctions, which affect metabolism, insulin sensitivity and promote local and systemic inflammation. In mammals, WAT depots at different anatomical locations(subcutaneous, preperitoneal and visceral) are highly heterogeneous in their morpho-phenotypic profiles and contribute differently to homeostasis and obesity development, depending on their ability to trigger and modulate WAT inflammation. This heterogeneity is likely due to the differential behavior of cells from each depot. Numerous studies suggest that adiposederived stem/stromal cells(ASC; referred to as adipose progenitor cells, in vivo)with depot-specific gene expression profiles and adipogenic and immunomodulatory potentials are keys for the establishment of the morphofunctional heterogeneity between WAT depots, as well as for the development of depot-specific responses to metabolic challenges. In this review, we discuss depot-specific ASC properties and how they can contribute to the pathophysiology of obesity and metabolic disorders, to provide guidance for researchers and clinicians in the development of ASC-based therapeutic approaches.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81402983, 81573436)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS) 2016-I2M-3–015the National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for "Significant New Drugs Development" (2015ZX09501005, China)
文摘Obesity is a worldwide epidemic. Promoting browning of white adipose tissue(WAT)contributes to increased energy expenditure and hence counteracts obesity. Here we show that cordycepin(Cpn), a natural derivative of adenosine, increases energy expenditure, inhibits weight gain, improves metabolic profile and glucose tolerance, decreases WAT mass and adipocyte size, and enhances cold tolerance in normal and high-fat diet-fed mice. Cpn markedly increases the surface temperature around the inguinal WAT and turns the inguinal fat browner. Further investigations show that Cpn induces the development of brown-like adipocytes in inguinal and, to a less degree, epididymal WAT depots. Cpn also increases the expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1) and other thermogenic genes in WAT and3T3-L1 differentiated adipocytes, in which AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) plays an important role. Our results provide novel insights into the function of Cpn in regulating energy balance, and suggest a potential utility of Cpn in the treatment of obesity.
