Ash removal from inferior coal via ammonium fluoride roasting and simultaneous yield of white carbon black

The quality upgrading and deashing of inferior coal by chemical method still faces great challenges.The dangers of strong acid,strong alkali,waste water and exhaust gas as well as high cost limit its industrial production.This paper systematically investigates the ash reduction and desilicification of two typical inferior coal utilizing ammonium fluoride roasting method.Under the optimal conditions,for fat coal and gas coal,the deashing rates are 69.02%and 54.13%,and the desilicification rates are 92.64%and 90.27%,respectively.The molar dosage of ammonium fluoride remains consistent for both coals;however,the gas coal,characterized by a lower ash and silica content(less than half that of the fat coal),achieves optimum deashing effect at a reduced time and temperature.The majority of silicon in coal transforms into gaseous ammonium fluorosilicate,subsequently preparing nanoscale amorphous silica with a purity of 99.90%through ammonia precipitation.Most of the fluorine in deashed coal are assigned in inorganic minerals,suggesting the possibility of further fluorine and ash removal via flotation.This research provides a green and facile route to deash inferior coal and produce nano-scale white carbon black simultaneously.

Silver Supported on White Carbon Black Containing Rare Earths as Antibacterial Material

The antimicrobial effect of the Ag-White Carbon Black containing rare earth was investigated. Inorganic antibiotic materials consist of the antibacterial ion, the additive and the carrier. The sol-gel method was used to prepare the white carbon black carrier. Ag+ was selected to be the antibacterial ion, and cerous nitrate was selected to be the additive. They were synthesized on the white carbon black carrier. The structures and properties of antibacterial material were characterized by inductively coupled plasma, particle size measurement instrument, fourier transform infrared and enumeration tests (Escherichia coli as experimental bacterium). Results showed that the amount of antibacterial ions and bacteriostasis rate of this new material are higher than those for the general Ag-antibacterial white carbon black (without containing rare earth). Ag+ was bound to white carbon black by ion exchange process and adsorption process. Bacteriostasis rate is over 99%, and the particle size can be extended down to 7 μm with a narrow size distribution. Other advantages of this material are good thermal and light stability. Furthermore, from the antibacterial experiment in rubber and the coating surface of metal, this new material showed promising results. The possible antibacterial mechanism was also proposed through all the experimental data in this study.

INFLUENCES OF MODIFIERS ON SURFACE PROPERTIES OF WHITE CARBON BLACK AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SILICONE RUBBER

Various of modifiers were used to modify the surface activity of white carbon black. The oil absorption, viscosity, hydrophobic rate and burning loss of white carbon black and the mechanical propertiess of silicone rubber were measured. The influences of the modifiers on the properties of white carbon black and the mechanical properties of silicone rubber were discussed.

Mechanism of antibacterial activity of silver and praseodymium-loaded white carbon black

This paper investigated the antibacterial mechanism of the Ag-Pr-antibacterial white carbon black.The sol-gel method was used to prepare the carrier:white carbon black.Silver ion was selected to be the antibacterial ion,and praseodymium nitrate was selected to be the additive.The structure and antibacterial mechanism of this new inorganic antibacterial material were characterized by laser particle size analyzer,scanning electron microscope(SEM) techniques,energy dispersive spectrum(EDS) analysis,and antibacterial activity test(Escherichia coli as experimental bacterium).Results showed that the particle size of Ag-Pr-antibacterial White carbon black was less than 30 μm with a narrow size distribution.Ag+ is combined into the white carbon black by both the mode of ion exchange and the mode of adsorption process.The bacteriostasis rate of the Ag-Pr-antibacterial white carbon black was higher than that of the general Ag-antibacterial white carbon black.The antibacterial activity of Ag-Pr-antibacterial white carbon black was caused by the combination of contact and stripping antibacterial mechanism.The result also indicated that this new inorganic antibacterial material had good thermal and light stability.

Study of Viscoelastic Properties of White Carbon Black Reinforced Synthetic Polyisoprene

The viscoelastic properties of synthetic polyisoprenes （PI） reinforced by white carbon black （WCB） have been investigated and compared with WCB reinforced natural rubber （NR）, including cure characteristics, physio-mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties. Compared with NR, PI loaded with the same amount of WCB （PI/WCB） exhibited shorter scorch time and optimal cure time, indicating that WCB fillers are comparatively easier to conjugate with PI. The tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with WCB filling in both PI and NR vulcanizates. The hardness of the rubber vulcanizates increased with the WCB filling in the rubber matrix. PI/WCB blends exhibited smaller hardness data, lower tensile strength, as well as lower elongation at break and tensile stress. Increasing the amount of WCB in rubber matrix induced the Payne effect. However, the Payne effect is much more obvious for the PI/WCB system, and PI/WCB also displayed higher storage modulus whereas lower loss modulus and loss tangent than NR/WCB, which could all be attributed to the poor dispersibilities of WCB in the PI matrix.

Regulation of Microstructure of Calcium Carbonate Crystals by Egg White Protein

Crystal growth of calcium carbonate in biological simulation was investigated via egg white protein with different volume fractions,during which calcium carbonate was synthesized by calcium chloride and sodium carbonate.The morphology,thermal properties and microstructure of the calcium carbonate micro-to-nanoscale crystals were characterized by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM）,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）,thermogravimetric analysis（TG） and X-ray diffraction（XRD） analysis.The results show that the volume fraction of egg white protein has great influence on the shape,size and morphology of calcium carbonate crystals.The calcium carbonate crystals were the mixtures of calcite-vaterite-like crystals including spherical and rough surface,which are different from that formed in pure water.With the increase of egg white protein concentration,the diameter of calcium carbonate crystals changed,the amount of formed spherical calcium carbonate particles decreased and that of vaterite increased.These results indicate that the coordination and electrostatic interaction between egg white protein and Ca2＋ significantly affect the calcium carbonate crystalization.

The Sterilization Results of Dense Phase Carbon Dioxide on Liquid Egg White and the Effect on Physicochemical and Functionial Properties

[Objective]The aim was to investigate the sterilization effect of dense phase carbon dioxide（ DPCD） on liquid egg white（ LEW） and the effect on functionial properties and physicochemical properties. [Method]The prepared liquid egg white was subjected to DPCD treatment at 10 MPa,20 MPa and 30 MPa respectively at 30 ℃,the microorganism amount,pH value,dissolubility and surface sulfhydryl were detected after adjusted to 4 ℃. [Result]The results showed that the longer the sterilization time,the more obvious of the sterilization effect at 10 MPa. There was no aerobe was detected at the rest conditions. [Conclusion]The functionial properties and physicochemical properties of liquid egg white were effected by DPCD treatment.

Measurement of the neutron total cross section of carbon at the Back-n white neutron beam of CSNS

To verify the performance of the neutron total cross-sectional spectrometer, the neutron total cross section of carbon is initially measured in the energy range of 1 eV to 20 MeV using the time-of-flight method. The measurement is performed at the Back-n white neutron source with a 76-m time-of-flight path using the China Spallation Neutron Source. A multilayer fast fission chamber with 235U and 238U is employed as the neutron detector. The diameter and thickness of the natural graphite sample are 70 mm and 40 mm, respectively. Signal waveforms are collected using a data acquisition system. Off-line data processing was used to obtain the neutron time-of-flight spectra and transmissions. The uncertainty of the counting statistics is generally approximately 3% for each bin in the energy range of 1–20 MeV. It is determined that the results for the neutron total cross section of carbon obtained using ^235U cells are in good agreement with the results obtained using 238U cells within limits of statistical uncertainty. Moreover, the measured total cross sections show good agreement with the broadening evaluated data.

Phase Transformation of Amorphous Calcium Carbonate to Single-Crystalline Aragonite with Macroscopic Layered Structure in the Presence of Egg White Protein and Zinc Ion

Highly oriented calcium carbonate lamellas are exquisite structure produced by biomineralization. Strategies mimicking nature have been developed to synthesize inorganic materials with excellent structures and optimal properties. In our strategy, egg white protein and zinc ion were employed in the solution to induce the crystallization of calcium carbonate, resulting in the macroscopic aragonite laminate with an average length of 1.5 mm, which was comprised of single-crystalline tablets. During the crystallization at initial stage, it was found that the particles displayed the characteristics of amorphous calcium carbonate, which was then transformed into the sophisticated structured aragonite through a multistage assembly process. The rebuilt nacre structure in vitro was achieved owing to the synergistic effects of egg white protein and zinc ion.

基于修正Xu-White模型的碳酸盐岩横波速度估算方法

在许多实际地球物理资料中往往缺失横波速度信息,这给叠前地震属性分析和叠前地震反演均带来不利影响。如今针对碎屑岩地区的横波速度预测方法已日趋成熟,而针对碳酸盐岩地区的研究相对较少。本文基于经典Xu-White模型,从岩石物理角度构建出一种适用于碳酸盐岩的修正Xu-White模型;然后类比于Pick-ett、Castagna等建立的碳酸盐岩纵横波速度经验公式,建立了更适用于碳酸盐岩地区的经验公式;将该经验公式和修正Xu-White模型应用于实际碳酸盐岩地区的横波速度预测,对预测结果进行的对比分析证实,修正Xu-White模型具有更高的横波速度预测精度。

Diagnosis of Sugarcane White Leaf Disease Using the Highly Sensitive DNA Based Voltammetric Electrochemical Determination

A simple and highly sensitive analysis by electrochemical voltammetry has been developed for diagnosis of the most destructive crop disease in Thailand known as sugarcane white leaf (SCWL). Determination of the corresponding DNA interaction has been obtained from the voltammetric signals of electroactive redox methylene blue (MB) by means of cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. In this study, a chitosan-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was created by self-assembly to produce electrostatic platform for effective immobilization of the DNA. Fabrication of SCWL-DNA hybridization detection system was performed by immobilizing the ssDNA probe as a specific sensor onto chitosan-modified GCE. Hybridization of complementary DNA from the real samples could then be detected by its respective MB signal. This fabricated DNA probe sensor was shown to be capable for discriminative identification among the DNAs from SCWL plants, mosaic virus infected sugarcane and healthy sugarcane plants. Relationship between the specific hybridization signal and DNA target concentration was also observed under optimal condition. The detection limit of 4.709 ng/μl with the regression coefficient (R2) of 0.998 and overall RSD of 2.44% were obtained by response curve fit analysis. The actual SCWL-ssDNA immobilization and hybridizing event were subsequently confirmed by an observation under atomic force microscope. Thus these experiments demonstrate the first successful and effective DNA based voltammetric electrochemical determination for a verification of the specific pathogenic infection within plants from the real epidemic field.

圆珠笔笔芯脂的设计开发与性能评价

随着我国圆珠笔产能的不断提升,我国已逐渐成为世界公认的制笔大国。在国家有关部门及相关政策的大力扶持下,圆珠笔墨水和配件加工技术等阻碍我国圆珠笔行业自主化发展的技术壁垒逐步被打破,然而现阶段国内关于笔芯脂的研究仍处于起步阶段,中高端笔芯脂产品仍主要依赖于国外进口。为此,采用无机稠化剂和硅油基础油为原料,并辅以一定的改性剂增强其稳定性,研制出一款高性能笔芯脂产品,相较于国外某高端笔芯脂产品具有更好的高低温性、抗挥发性、黏温性和储存稳定性,通过装笔测试对其使用性能进行全面评价,研制的笔芯脂表现出良好的高低温稳定性、耐冲击性和书写随动性,能够全面满足圆珠笔的使用要求.

天然氢气成因与全球氢资源勘探进展

天然氢气是地球上通过多种自然过程形成的低碳可再生氢气来源,对天然氢气的开发利用将为人类应对气候危机实现能源革命提供重要的解决方案。通过对天然氢气成因、形成地质环境、成藏条件及世界主要国家勘探情况的调研分析,取得以下认识:(1)天然氢气的形成以无机成因为主,其中最主要的过程是水与含铁矿物之间的水岩反应,天然氢气可赋存于蛇绿岩带、前寒武纪岩石、温(喷)泉、油气田等多种地质环境中;(2)“氢气系统”成藏可分为“源岩-生成子系统”和“运移-封存子系统”两部分,其源岩多样,受到温度、埋藏深度的影响;氢分子在结晶岩或沉积岩内的运移主要受扩散和对流2种机制控制;岩盐、蒸发岩、致密火成岩等低渗少孔岩石是氢气成藏的有利条件;(3)世界其他国家如美国、澳大利亚、法国、西班牙、波兰和菲律宾等国政府已引导开展天然氢气勘探开发活动,美国地质调查局和能源部分别承担天然氢气资源潜力评价和人为刺激产氢机制研究的职能,澳大利亚等多国已将天然氢气纳入现有资源勘探法律体系;(4)中国在天然氢气领域尚处于早期发展阶段,还未进行有针对性的专项调查及勘探,应及早落实国内天然氢气的资源调查和评价工作。

不同填料对天然橡胶/再生胶复合材料性能的影响

探讨了炭黑N330、白炭黑、大理石粉、方解石4种填料对天然橡胶(NR)/再生胶复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,添加炭黑N330和白炭黑制备的NR/再生胶复合材料的拉伸强度、撕裂强度和硬度最高。添加白炭黑制备的复合材料压缩永久变形最低;添加炭黑N330制备的复合材料耐磨性最好,300%定伸应力最高。添加方解石制备的复合材料耐老化性能最好。

填料改性低黏度耐高温硅橡胶胶粘剂的制备与性能研究

针对硅橡胶胶粘剂高温烧蚀环境的使用性能和工艺性需求,合成了低黏度的苯基硅橡胶基础胶,并表征基础胶分子量分布、苯基含量和黏度。所制备的基础胶苯基含量22.5%~23.8%,黏度6530~11500mPa·s,挥发分0.30%~0.37%,说明基础胶的黏度和挥发分均处于较低水平,具有良好的工艺性。然后采用苯基硅橡胶基础胶与白炭黑、铁红、短切碳纤维混炼,制备室温硫化硅橡胶胶粘剂。采用三因素三水平正交试验考察了无机填料对硅橡胶胶粘剂黏度、拉剪强度、耐温性能的影响。研究结果表明:(1)从黏度和拉剪强度的极差分析可以看出,对黏度影响最大的为白炭黑,其次为短切碳纤维。添加白炭黑,会使拉剪强度与黏度同时增加,因此在黏度许可的范围内,提高白炭黑用量,可以提高拉剪强度。(2)对残碳率进行极差分析,铁红对于残碳率的影响远大于白炭黑、短切碳纤维。铁红能够显著提高硅橡胶胶粘剂的热稳定性,当铁红添加量为10份时,加温过程中的鼓胀和排气被明显抑制。

乙烯基非交联电缆屏蔽料性能与分散剂含量关系研究

非交联绝缘材料具有优异的电气机械性能,同时生产能耗少、可回收利用,成为目前电缆绝缘料的研究热点,但与之匹配的非交联半导电屏蔽料的研究还鲜有报道。导电炭黑的分散性对屏蔽料的性能影响重大。文中选用线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)为基体树脂,白油为分散剂,采用熔融共混法制备了非交联电缆屏蔽料。研究了白油含量对屏蔽料中炭黑分散、结晶性能、体积电阻率和机械性能的影响。结果表明添加白油会促进炭黑的分散,但白油含量过大会降低屏蔽料的结晶度,增加其体积电阻率并降低拉伸强度和断裂伸长率。当白油含量为2 wt%时,屏蔽料体积电阻率最小,力学性能最佳。该研究为非交联半导电屏蔽料在乙烯基非交联电缆的应用研究提供了参考。

国际电工委员会《以新能源为主体的零碳电力系统》白皮书解读

构建以新能源为主体的零碳电力系统是助力全电社会转型、实现全球清洁低碳能源体系的重要手段,也是实现“双碳”目标的重要支撑。文中对国际电工委员会出版的《以新能源为主体的零碳电力系统》白皮书进行解读。首先,介绍了白皮书发布背景,阐述了零碳电力系统所需的关键技术及面临的挑战;其次,总结了零碳电力系统领域标准化框架;最后,对零碳电力系统中涌现的新技术标准方向进行了讨论。构建体系化的零碳电力系统国际标准将为电力系统安全运行提供有力支撑。

蒸发结晶对高盐有机废水性质的影响

考察了蒸发结晶、重结晶以及活性炭对高盐有机废水性质的影响。结果表明:随着原水总有机碳(TOC)质量浓度的增大,原水结晶盐含TOC量和母液TOC质量浓度升高,原水结晶盐的白度下降;随着原水结晶盐含TOC量的增大,重结晶盐含TOC量呈加速升高趋势,母液TOC质量浓度则呈先加速后减速升高的趋势;拟合计算得出,当原水结晶盐含TOC量控制在5.338 mg/g以下,可通过一次蒸发结晶使产品盐含TOC量不高于1 mg/g;与未加入活性炭相比,加入活性炭得到的重结晶盐白度可由58.1%~60.6%上升至82.7%~83.8%。

白炭黑制备及表面改性研究进展

随着白炭黑的广泛应用,制备白炭黑的工艺不断完善,但生产出的大部分白炭黑带有表面羟基,以致其分散性能差、易吸附水呈亲水性,应用性能也受到影响。因此使用前通常会对其进行表面改性处理,经改性后的白炭黑有许多优越性能。本文综述了近几年来常用的几种白炭黑制备工艺及改性方法,简单介绍了改性后的白炭黑在轮胎、涂料工业以及粉体物质中的应用。

改性自流平硅酮密封胶材在戈壁机场跑道灌缝中的应用

为有效提高混凝土道面接缝的寿命、弹性、耐候性,本试验在不同黏度复配聚硅氧烷基础上,制备一种自流平硅酮密封胶材料,并探究白炭黑添加量、甲基三丁酮肟基硅烷交联剂添加量对硅酮密封胶体系性能的影响,以及该密封胶材料在机场跑道砼灌缝修补的应用。结果表明,当白炭黑添加量为5%、交联剂添加量为6%时,自流平硅酮密封胶拥有良好的自流平性能和力学性能,此时自流平厚度为3.59 mm,自流平时间为116 s,拉伸强度为0.54 MPa,拉伸断裂伸长率为238%。所制备的自流平硅酮密封胶材料具有良好的性能,可用于戈壁机场跑道砼灌缝修补。