Cognitive impairment in cerebral small vessel disease induced by hypertension

Hypertension is a primary risk factor for the progression of cognitive impairment caused by cerebral small vessel disease,the most common cerebrovascular disease.Howeve r,the causal relationship between hypertension and cerebral small vessel disease remains unclear.Hypertension has substantial negative impacts on brain health and is recognized as a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease.Chronic hypertension and lifestyle factors are associated with risks for stro ke and dementia,and cerebral small vessel disease can cause dementia and stroke.Hypertension is the main driver of cerebral small vessel disease,which changes the structure and function of cerebral vessels via various mechanisms and leads to lacunar infarction,leukoaraiosis,white matter lesions,and intracerebral hemorrhage,ultimately res ulting in cognitive decline and demonstrating that the brain is the to rget organ of hypertension.This review updates our understanding of the pathogenesis of hypertensioninduced cerebral small vessel disease and the res ulting changes in brain structure and function and declines in cognitive ability.We also discuss drugs to treat cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive impairment.

Performance of the walking trail making test in older adults with white matter hyperintensities

BACKGROUND Several studies have reported that the walking trail making test(WTMT)completion time is significantly higher in patients with developmental coordination disorders and mild cognitive impairments.We hypothesized that WTMT performance would be altered in older adults with white matter hyperintensities(WMH).AIM To explore the performance in the WTMT in older people with WMH.METHODS In this single-center,observational study,25 elderly WMH patients admitted to our hospital from June 2019 to June 2020 served as the WMH group and 20 participants matched for age,gender,and educational level who were undergoing physical examination in our hospital during the same period served as the control group.The participants completed the WTMT-A and WTMT-B to obtain their gait parameters,including WTMT-A completion time,WTMT-B completion time,speed,step length,cadence,and stance phase percent.White matter lesions were scored according to the Fazekas scale.Multiple neuropsychological assessments were carried out to assess cognitive function.The relationships between WTMT performance and cognition and motion in elderly patients with WMH were analyzed by partial Pearson correlation analysis.RESULTS Patients with WMH performed significantly worse on the choice reaction test(CRT)(0.51±0.09 s vs 0.44±0.06 s,P=0.007),verbal fluency test(VFT,14.2±2.75 vs 16.65±3.54,P=0.012),and digit symbol substitution test(16.00±2.75 vs 18.40±3.27,P=0.010)than participants in the control group.The WMH group also required significantly more time to complete the WTMT-A(93.00±10.76 s vs 70.55±11.28 s,P<0.001)and WTMT-B(109.72±12.26 s vs 82.85±7.90 s,P<0.001).WTMT-A completion time was positively correlated with CRT time(r=0.460,P=0.001),while WTMT-B completion time was negatively correlated with VFT(r=-0.391,P=0.008).On the WTMT-A,only speed was found to statistically differ between the WMH and control groups(0.803±0.096 vs 0.975±0.050 m/s,P<0.001),whereas on the WTMT-B,the WMH group exhibited a significantly lower speed(0.778±0.111 vs 0.970±0.053 m/s,P<0.001)and cadence(82.600±4.140 vs 85.500±5.020 steps/m,P=0.039),as well as a higher stance phase percentage(65.061±1.813%vs 63.513±2.465%,P=0.019)relative to controls.CONCLUSION Older adults with WMH showed obviously poorer WTMT performance.WTMT could be a potential indicator for cognitive and motor deficits in patients with WMH.

MRI Features and Site-specific Factors of Ischemic Changes in White Matter： A Retrospective Study

Brain magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） of the elderly often reveals white matter changes （WMCs） with substantial variability across individuals. Our study was designed to explore MRI features and site-specific factors of ischemic WMCs. Clinical data of consecutive patients diagnosed with ischemic cerebral vascular disease who had undergone brain MRI were collected and analyzed. Multi-logistic regression analysis comparing patients with mild versus severe WMCs was performed to detect independent associations. Analyses of variance （ANOVAs） were used to detect regionally specific differences in lesions. We found that lesion distribution differed significantly across five cerebral areas, with lesions being predominant in the frontal lobe and parieto-occipital area. To explore WMCs risk factors, after adjusting for gender, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, only age （P〈0.01）, creatinine （P=0.01）, alkaline phosphatase （ALP） （P=0.01） and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） （P=0.03） were found to be independently associated with severe WMCs. Age （P〈0.001） was strongly associated with WMCs in the frontal lobe while hypertension was independently related to lesions in the basal ganglia （P=0.048） or infratentorial area （P=0.016）. In conclusion, MRI of WMCs showed that ischemic WMCs occurred mostly in the frontal lobe and parieto-occipital area. The infratentorial area was least affected by WMCs. Typically, age-related WMCs were observed in the frontal lobes, while hypertension-related WMCs tended to occur in the basal ganglia and infratentorial area.

Diffusion tensor imaging pipeline measures of cerebral white matter integrity: An overview of recent advances and prospects

Cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD)is a leading cause of age-related microvascular cognitive decline,resulting in significant morbidity and decreased quality of life.Despite a progress on its key pathophysiological bases and general acceptance of key terms from neuroimaging findings as observed on the magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),key questions on CSVD remain elusive.Enhanced relationships and reliable lesion studies,such as white matter tractography using diffusion-based MRI(dMRI)are necessary in order to improve the assessment of white matter architecture and connectivity in CSVD.Diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)and tractography is an application of dMRI that provides data that can be used to non-invasively appraise the brain white matter connections via fiber tracking and enable visualization of individual patient-specific white matter fiber tracts to reflect the extent of CSVD-associated white matter damage.However,due to a lack of standardization on various sets of software or image pipeline processing utilized in this technique that driven mostly from research setting,interpreting the findings remain contentious,especially to inform an improved diagnosis and/or prognosis of CSVD for routine clinical use.In this minireview,we highlight the advances in DTI pipeline processing and the prospect of this DTI metrics as potential imaging biomarker for CSVD,even for subclinical CSVD in at-risk individuals.

Effects of different regional cerebral blood flow on white matter hyperintensity in CADASIL patients

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy(CADASIL)is an early-onset inherited small vessel disease.Decreased cerebral blood flow(CBF)may contribute to white matter hyperintensity(WMH)severity in CADASIL,but more evidence is needed to support this hypothesis.This study comprised six patients with CADASIL who harbored mutations in the coding sequence of NOTCH3 and twelve age-matched neurologically healthy controls.We collected clinical and imaging data from patients with CADASIL and divided the brain into four regions:WMH,normal-appearing white matter(NAWM),gray matter(GM),and global brain.We analyzed the relationship between CBF of each region and the WMH volume.Compared with the control group,CBF was significantly decreased in all four regions in the CADASIL group.Lower CBF in these regions was correlated with higher WMH volume in CADASIL.CBF in the NAWM,GM and global regions was positively correlated with that in WMH region.However,after correction tests,only CBF in the WMH region but not in NAWM,GM and global regions was associated with WMH volume.Our findings suggest that CBF in the WMH region is an influencing factor of the WMH severity in CADASIL.

Association between intercellular adhesion molecule-1 to depression and blood-brain barrier penetration in cerebellar vascular disease

BACKGROUND Cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD)is a prevalent cerebrovascular disease in clinical practice that is often associated with macrovascular disease.A clear understanding of the underlying causes of CSVD remains elusive.AIM To explore the association between intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)and blood-brain barrier(BBB)penetration in CSVD.METHODS This study included patients admitted to Fuyang People’s Hospital and Fuyang Community(Anhui,China)between December 2021 and March 2022.The study population comprised 142 patients,including 80 in the CSVD group and 62 in the control group.Depression was present in 53 out of 80 patients with CSVD.Multisequence magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI were applied in patients to determine the brain volume,cortical thickness,and cortical area of each brain region.Moreover,neuropsychological tests including the Hamilton depression scale,mini-mental state examination,and Montreal cognitive assessment basic scores were performed.RESULTS The multivariable analysis showed that age[P=0.011;odds ratio(OR)=0.930,95%confidence interval(CI):0.880-0.983]and ICAM-1 levels(P=0.023;OR=1.007,95%CI:1.001-1.013)were associated with CSVD.Two regions of interest(ROIs;ROI3 and ROI4)in the white matter showed significant(both P<0.001;95%CI:0.419-0.837 and 0.366-0.878)differences between the two groups,whereas only ROI1 in the gray matter showed signi-ficant difference(P=0.046;95%CI:0.007-0.680)between the two groups.ICAM-1 was significantly correlated(all P<0.05)with cortical thickness in multiple brain regions in the CSVD group.CONCLUSION This study revealed that ICAM-1 levels were independently associated with CSVD.ICAM-1 may be associated with cortical thickness in the brain,predominantly in the white matter,and a significant increase in BBB permeability,proposing the involvement of ICAM-1 in BBB destruction.

Association between large artery stenosis,cerebral small vessel disease and risk of ischemic stroke

We aimed to assess the associations of large artery stenosis(LAS)and cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD)with the risk of ischemic stroke and to investigate their respective and combined contributions.In the prospective population-based Shunyi Study,1,082 stroke-free participants aged 55.9±9.1 years were included.Participants were followed for incident stroke throughout the study period(2013-2019).Total small vessel disease score was used to measure CSVD burden.Cervico-cerebral large artery stenosis was evaluated via brain magnetic resonance angiography and carotid ultrasound.We estimated the risk of ischemic stroke in relation to LAS and CSVD with Cox regression models.During a mean follow-up of 4.2 years,34 participants(3.1%)experienced at least one ischemic stroke.Severe LAS(≥50% stenosis versus no stenosis:HR=3.27(95%CI:1.31-8.18))and high CSVD burden(total small vessel disease score 2-4 versus 0 point:HR=12.73(4.83-33.53))were associated with increased stroke risk independently.In multivariate models,CSVD burden(7.72%)explained a larger portion of the variation in stroke risk than severity of LAS(3.49%).Our findings identified that both LAS and CSVD were associated with future ischemic stroke in asymptomatic subjects,while those with high CSVD burden deserve more attention in primary prevention of stroke.

脑白质高信号消退的研究进展

脑白质高信号(WMH)普遍存在于老年人群中,与卒中、认知、步态不稳和神经精神症状相关。WMH负荷通常随着年龄的增长而增加,但随着研究的不断深入,发现WMH是动态可变的,在发展过程中可能会部分消退,且可能伴随脑萎缩减缓和认知功能改善,但其确切发生机制、影响因素及临床意义目前尚不明确,且缺少有效逆转WMH的方法。作者综述了WMH消退的相关研究,为临床医师积极干预WMH相关影响因素,促进其在早期阶段逆转,改善患者脑健康提供参考。

脑小血管病患者膀胱过度活动症的影响因素分析

目的 探讨脑小血管病(CSVD)患者膀胱过度活动症(OAB)的影响因素及其与CSVD影像学标志物的相关性。方法 选取2021年1月至2022年12月于包头医学院第二附属医院就诊的老年CSVD患者163例,依据OAB评分量表评估分为OAB组37例和非OAB组126例。记录并比较2组患者简易智能状态检查量表(MMSE)评分、Fazekas量表评分、CSVD影像学总负荷评分。结果 与非OAB组比较,OAB组年龄、尿频、夜尿、尿急、急迫性尿失禁比例、Fazekas量表评分、脑室旁白质高信号(PWMH)评分、脑深部白质高信号(DWMH)评分、CSVD总负荷评分显著增高,MMSE评分显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。PWMH评分、DWMH评分是OAB发生的危险因素(P<0.01)。CSVD患者OAB评分量表评分与Fazekas量表评分、PWMH评分、DWMH评分呈正相关(r=0.533,P=0.001;r=0.462,P=0.004;r=0.398,P=0.015);CSVD患者急迫性尿失禁的发生与Fazekas量表评分、PWMH评分呈正相关(r=0.352,P=0.033;r=0.346,P=0.036)。结论 PWMH、DWMH是CSVD患者OAB的危险因素。

癌症相关缺血性脑卒中的临床特征及预后影响因素分析

目的分析癌症相关缺血性脑卒中的临床特征及预后影响因素。方法选择2018年1月至2022年6月绍兴第二医院医共体总院就诊的癌症合并缺血性脑卒中患者94例,根据弥散加权成像(DWI)高信号病灶分布模式分为一区征组、二区征组、三区征组,比较3组患者的一般临床资料和影像学特征,分析不同分区征与脑小血管病负荷的关系。采用改良Rankin量表评估患者出院90 d的预后,0~2分为预后良好组,>2分的为预后不良组,分析两组患者的一般资料和影像学特征及影响预后的危险因素。结果3组患者的肌酐、D-二聚体、脑小血管病负荷比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。脑小血管病负荷是癌症相关缺血性脑卒中不同分区征的影响因素(P<0.05)。预后良好组的肌酐、D-二聚体、脑小血管病负荷低于预后不良组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。D-二聚体、脑小血管病负荷是影响癌症相关缺血性脑卒中预后的危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论癌症相关缺血性脑卒中DWI病灶分布模式与脑小血管病负荷相关,D-二聚体、脑小血管病负荷是癌症相关缺血性脑卒中的预后影响因素,应密切关注。

脑小血管病患者血清lncRNA BIRF,lncRNA FAL1表达水平与脑白质病变程度的相关性分析

目的探究脑小血管病(CSVD)患者血清长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)脑缺血相关因子(BIRF)、1号染色体上的局部扩增lncRNA(lncRNA FAL1)表达与脑白质病变(WML)程度的相关性分析。方法选取承德医学院附属医院2021年6月~2023年6月收治的102例CSVD患者,根据WML诊断标准将CSVD患者分为WML组(n=72)和非WML组(n=30)。并根据Fazekas评分进一步将WML组分为轻度WML组(n=24)、中度WML组(n=36)和重度WML组(n=12)。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-qPCR)检测血清中lncRNA BIRF,lncRNA FAL1水平;采用Pearson相关分析血清lncRNA BIRF,lncRNA FAL1水平的相关性。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清lncRNA BIRF,lncRNA FAL1水平对CSVD患者发生重度WML的诊断价值。结果WML组患者年龄(70.50±5.86岁)、高血压史(有/无:43/29例)、糖尿病史(有/无:45/27例)、IL-33(68.35±6.80 pg/ml),IL-18(97.78±9.65 ng/L)、泛素羧基末端水解酶L1(UCH-L1)(0.29±0.10μg/L),lncRNA BIRF水平(2.45±0.30)显著高于非WML组(67.10±5.76岁,11/19例,9/21例,62.48±6.13 pg/ml,92.56±9.37 ng/L,0.24±0.06μg/L,1.02±0.11),血清lncRNA FAL1表达(0.52±0.10)显著低于非WML组(1.04±0.15),差异具有统计学意义(t=2.683,4.518,8.978,4.085,2.510,2.550,25.346,20.500,均P<0.05)。轻度WML组、中度WML组、重度WML组CSVD患者血清lncRNA BIRF水平(2.23±0.23,2.47±0.31,2.82±0.42)依次升高,血清lncRNA FAL1水平(0.60±0.15,0.51±0.09,0.40±0.04)依次降低,差异具有统计学意义(F=14.913,13.899,均P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析,WML组患者血清lncRNA BIRF与lncRNA FAL1水平呈负相关(r=-0.603,P<0.001);WML患者血清lncRNA BIRF与Fazekas评分呈正相关(r=0.483,P<0.001),血清lncRNA FAL1与Fazekas评分呈负相关(r=-0.507,P<0.001)。血清lncRNA BIRF,lncRNA FAL1水平单独及二者联合诊断CSVD患者发生重度WML的AUC(95%CI)分别为0.756(0.641~0.850),0.839(0.733~0.915)和0.892(0.796~0.953),二者联合检测优于血清lncRNA BIRF单独检测(Z=2.111,P=0.035)。结论CSVD伴WML患者血清lncRNA BIRF水平显著升高,lncRNA FAL1水平显著降低,均与CSVD患者WML程度相关。

脑小血管病中脑白质高信号和影像学负荷与临床特征的相关性研究

目的明确脑小血管病中脑白质高信号和影像学负荷与临床特征之间的相关性。方法本研究共纳入121例脑小血管病患者,对入组患者进行病史采集、临床特征分析、认知评估,并行核磁共振检查,对其脑白质病变和影像学负荷进行评分。对上述结果进行分层分析和相关性分析,最后进行线性回归分析明确脑小血管患者脑白质高信号和影像学负荷的临床影响因素。结果在脑小血管病患者中,脑白质高信号与有无中风病史、心血管疾病病史、认知功能有关(P<0.05);影像学负荷评分与有无高血压病、中风和心血管疾病病史以及认知功能有关(P<0.05)。进一步的相关分析和线性回归分析仍然说明脑白质高信号与有无中风病史、认知功能有关(P<0.05),提示影像学负荷评分与有无中风、心血管疾病病史及认知功能有关(P<0.05)。结论认知功能和有无中风病史是影响脑小血管病患者脑白质高信号和影像学总负荷评分的独立危险因素。

脑小血管病影像学标志物与认知功能障碍相关性研究进展

脑小血管疾病(cerebral small vessel disease,CSVD)的部分患者会出现认知功能下降并可能进展为痴呆,严重降低患者的生活质量。目前关于CSVD影像学标志物与认知功能障碍的相关性研究表明,脑白质高信号、血管周围间隙扩大、脑微出血、腔隙性脑梗死的分布位置、严重程度对各认知域产生不同影响,CSVD导致的认知功能障碍可能与炎症因子间接影响和脑组织纤维束破坏等机制相关。但CSVD影像学标志物与认知功能的关系及其相关机制还需要更进一步研究加以验证。

大脑微梗死与颈动脉狭窄的相关性及对预后的影响

目的:探讨急性轻型前循环缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉狭窄(CS)与3.0 T磁共振成像显示的大脑微梗死(CMI)相关性。方法:连续纳入发病7 d内美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分≤3分的急性轻型前循环缺血性脑卒中住院患者,以有无CMI病变分为无CMI组和CMI组,比较2组间基线资料、影像特点、神经功能及预后。结果:无CMI组与CMI组在糖尿病、心房颤动发生率方面有显著性差异(均P<0.05)。2组在CS程度上有差异(χ^(2)=13.744,P=0.003);Spearman相关分析显示CMI组CMI数量与CS程度呈正相关(r=0.520,P<0.001)。多因素logistic回归结果显示糖尿病、心房颤动、卒中病史、腔隙存在、颈动脉重度狭窄或闭塞均与CMI病变独立相关(均P<0.05)。CMI病变组90 d不良预后比例显著高于无CMI病变组(13.64%比28.30%,χ^(2)=11.844,P=0.019)。结论:糖尿病、心房颤动、卒中病史、腔隙存在以及颈动脉重度狭窄或闭塞是CMI病变的独立危险因素,CMI病变与90 d不良预后有关。

大脑中动脉粥样硬化斑块易损性与脑白质高信号的相关性研究

目的:通过对比分析基于Fazekas评分的不同严重程度脑白质高信号(WMHs)患者的大脑中动脉管壁改变和斑块特征,探讨斑块易损性参数与脑白质高信号严重程度的相关性。方法:将2021年5月-2023年5月本院收治的因怀疑大脑中动脉粥样硬化斑块而行常规序列颅脑MR扫描及大脑中动脉M1段高分辨管壁成像检查的99例住院患者纳入本研究。基于颅脑MRI平扫图像,根据改良Fazekas评分标准将患者分为2组:无和轻度WMHs组(Fazekas 0~2分)57例,中重度WMHs组(Fazekas 3~6分)42例。采用两独立样本t检验、非参数Mann-Whitney U检验和卡方分析比较两组之间血管狭窄程度、斑块分布、管壁重构模式、斑块内出血和斑块负荷等易损性参数的差异。采用Spearman相关分析和二元logistic回归分析确定易损斑块与WMHs之间的关系。结果:年龄及血脂异常和斑块内出血占比在两组间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),中和重度WMHs组患者年龄更大,血脂异常更常见,斑块内出血比例更高。相关性分析显示,年龄,血脂异常和斑块内出血均与白质高信号等级呈正相关(r=0.276、0.215、0.321,P均<0.05)。二元logistics回归分析结果显示年龄和斑块内出血是WMHs严重程度的独立危险因素[OR=1.083(1.030,1.139),P=0.002;OR=4.991(1.459,17.072),P=0.010]。结论:年龄、血脂异常和斑块内出血与WMHs严重程度相关,年龄和斑块内出血是WMHs严重程度的独立影响因素,提示颅内大动脉粥样硬化易损性斑块与脑小血管病具有相关性,有助于指导临床制订个性化的治疗方案。

基于孟德尔随机化方法研究血清尿酸水平与脑小血管病之间的因果关系

目的:探究血清尿酸(SUA)水平是否与脑小血管病(CSVD)存在因果关系。方法:从已发表的全基因组关联研究汇总数据获得SUA、腔隙性脑梗死(LI)、白质高信号(WMH)、各向异性分数(FA)和平均弥散率(MD)的数据,筛选出与SUA强相关(F>10)的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)作为工具变量,用逆方差加权法、MR-Egger、加权中位数法方法进行因果分析,利用MR-Egger截距法和Cochran's Q检验进行异质性和水平多效性检验。结果:逆方差加权法表明SUA与LI(OR=1.086,95%CI 0.959~1.230,P=0.193)、WMH(OR=1.010,95%CI 0.956~1.066,P=0.725)、FA(OR=1.058,95%CI 0.848~1.320,P=0.617)和MD(OR=1.009,95%CI 0.790~1.288,P=0.943)无关,敏感性分析结果显示无异质性和水平多效性。结论:目前MR研究表明SUA水平与CSVD之间不存在因果关系,但仍需规范化、大样本的临床研究和基于大规模GWAS的MR研究更全面评估它们之间的关联性。

径线法评估脑白质高信号相关脑萎缩的价值

目的 探讨关于使用径线法评估脑白质高信号(WMH)相关脑萎缩严重程度的可行性。方法 回顾性选择2023年9至10月扬中市人民医院临床检查者和健康体检者131例,按WMH严重度分组并测算各组的双尾状核指数Evans指数及哈氏值、第三脑室宽度、脑室指数、侧脑室体部指数、外侧裂宽度。对各组所测经线指标进行单因素方差分析,评估不同WMH严重度时脑萎缩情况是否存在差异。结果 不同WMH严重度的受检者其哈氏值、第三脑室宽度、脑室指数、侧脑室体部指数、Evans指数、双尾状核指数及脑沟宽度存在统计学差异。组间多重对比结果显示仅双尾状核指数在不同WMH分组间差异均有统计学意义。结论 径线法可以评估WMH相关的脑萎缩严重程度,常用的径线指标中双尾状核指数对WMH相关的脑萎缩最为敏感。

脑小血管病总负荷与急性缺血性脑卒中的相关研究进展

急性缺血性卒中是病死率、致残率较高的疾病之一,而静脉溶栓及血管内治疗是目前临床治疗该病的有效方法。脑小血管病的概念被提出后经过一系列研究发现,其与急性缺血性脑卒中治疗预后具有显著的相关性。特别是脑小血管病总负荷评分能够更好评估脑小血管病对大脑整体功能的影响情况,国内外已对其在急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓及血管内治疗预后方面进行着各种层面的相关研究,旨在对急性缺血性卒中患者病情进展进行预判并提前干预,以降低患者致残率和病死率。本文着重对脑小血管病总负荷与急性缺血性脑卒中治疗预后的相关研究进行综述。

脑小血管负担评分对短暂性脑缺血发作患者复发性脑血管事件的预测价值

目的探讨脑小血管(cerebral small vessel disease,CSVD)负担评分对短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)患者复发性脑血管事件(recurrence cerebrovascular events,RCVEs)的预测价值。材料与方法回顾性分析2019年10月至2022年12月期间于安徽省第二人民医院就诊的182例TIA患者病例资料,依据MRI检查计算CSVD总体负担评分,根据随访1个月内有无发生RCVEs分为RCVEs组(n=46)和未RCVEs组(n=136)。比较两组临床资料和CSVD总体负担评分,采用多因素logistic回归分析模型分析RCVEs的独立危险因素,绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析CSVD影像特征得分及总负担评分对TIA患者RCVEs的预测价值。结果RCVEs组和未RCVEs组TIA发作次数、症状持续时间、既往高血压病史、CSVD总负担评分及分级情况比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:TIA发作次数、症状持续时间、CSVD总负担评分是TIA患者发生RCVEs的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示:CSVD影像特征评分及总负担评分预测TIA患者发生RCVEs的曲线下面积(areas under the curve,AUC)分别为0.771(95%CI:0.673~0.869,P<0.001)、0.745(95%CI:0.655~0.835,P<0.001)、0.664(95%CI:0.549~0.780,P=0.009)、0.845(95%CI:0.766~0.924,P<0.001)、0.945(95%CI:0.896~0.994,P<0.001),其中CVSD总负担评分预测的AUC最高,当最佳截断值为2分时,敏感度为86.05%,特异度为83.02%。结论CSVD总负担评分对TIA患者发生RCVEs的预测价值良好,有助于临床评估TIA患者的短期预后。

线上BOPPPS教学模式在放射科住院医师规范化培训中的应用

目的探讨线上导言、学习目标、预评估、参与式学习、后评估和总结(bridge-in,objective/outcome,pre-assessment,participatory learning,post-assessment,summary,BOPPPS)教学模式在放射科住院医师规范化培训中的应用效果,为促进放射影像学的教学改革提供参考。方法2021年9月—2022年9月,选取浙江大学医学院附属第二医院的放射科住院医师规范化培训(住培)学员48名,基于计算机程序随机分配为试验组(n=24)和对照组(n=24)。试验组使用线上BOPPPS教学模式,对照组采用传统线上教学。以脑小血管病(cerebral small vessel disease,CSVD)评估为教学内容,分析比较2组专业理论知识掌握程度和住培学员满意度。结果试验组住培学员在基础部分的脑室旁脑白质高信号评分低于对照组,并且在大多数与脑小血管病相关的高级问题上表现出色,包括半卵圆中心扩大的血管周围间隙、内侧颞叶萎缩和大脑微梗死得分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组的基础部分总得分与对照组相似,但在高级问题部分以及理论考核总分上优于对照组[(5.38±1.10)分vs.(4.04±1.37)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用线上BOPPPS教学模式对放射科住院医师的规范化培训更为有效,相比传统线上教学有一定的优势。