Premature birth is a significant economic and public health burden, and its incidence is rising. Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is the predominant form of brain injury in premature infants and the leading cause ...Premature birth is a significant economic and public health burden, and its incidence is rising. Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is the predominant form of brain injury in premature infants and the leading cause of cerebral palsy. PVL is characterized by selective white-matter damage with prominent oligodendroglial injury. The maturation-dependent vulnerability of developing and premyelinating oligodendrocytes to excitotoxic, oxidative, and inflammatory forms of injury is a major factor in the pathogenesis of PVL. Recent studies using mouse models of PVL reveal that synapses between axons and developing oligodendrocytes are quickly and profoundly damaged in immature white matter. Axon-glia synapses are highly vulnerable to white-matter injury in the developing brain, and the loss of synapses between axons and premyelinating oligodendrocytes occurs before any cellular loss in the immature white matter. Microglial activation and astrogliosis play important roles in triggering white-matter injury. Impairment of white-matter development and function in the neonatal period contributes critically to functional and behavioral deficits. Preservation of the integrity of the white matter is likely key in the treatment of PVL and subsequent neurological consequences and disabilities.展开更多
目的探究急性缺血性脑卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)病人静脉溶栓治疗后出血转化与脑白质高信号(white matter hyperintensity,WMH)的相关性。方法回顾性分析137例AIS病例资料,均进行静脉溶栓治疗,根据是否发生出血转化分为出血组(53...目的探究急性缺血性脑卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)病人静脉溶栓治疗后出血转化与脑白质高信号(white matter hyperintensity,WMH)的相关性。方法回顾性分析137例AIS病例资料,均进行静脉溶栓治疗,根据是否发生出血转化分为出血组(53例)和未出血组(84例)。采用单因素与Logistic回归分析AIS病人治疗后出血转化的危险因素。结果两组病人年龄、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(national institute of health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分、高血压、发病到治疗时间、WMH程度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示中重度WMH(OR=2.796,95%CI:1.450-5.391)是AIS病人治疗后出血转化的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论WMH是影响AIS病人溶栓治疗后出血转化的危险因素,中重度WMH病人发生出血转化的风险更高。展开更多
目的采用基于T1WI的病灶映射方法刻画新生儿局灶性脑白质损伤(punctate white matter lesions,PWML)的好发区域并探究其时空分布规律。材料与方法回顾性纳入PWML新生儿94例,其中轻度损伤60例(早产/足月:24/36),重度损伤34例(早产/足月:2...目的采用基于T1WI的病灶映射方法刻画新生儿局灶性脑白质损伤(punctate white matter lesions,PWML)的好发区域并探究其时空分布规律。材料与方法回顾性纳入PWML新生儿94例,其中轻度损伤60例(早产/足月:24/36),重度损伤34例(早产/足月:20/14)。基于T1WI手动标记病灶,与约翰霍普金斯大学新生儿T1WI模板配准后叠加图谱,最终生成PWML概率映射图并计算病灶在不同区域的分布概率。对轻重度PWML组间以及不同分组内早产与足月儿各脑叶病灶体积进行比较。结果轻度PWML的分布均以颞顶叶为主(病灶体积于颞顶叶>额叶>枕叶,P<0.008),尤其是丘脑后辐射、角回及缘上回;早产儿损伤范围较足月儿增加,且向额叶延伸。重度PWML主要分布于额颞顶叶(病灶体积于额颞顶叶>枕叶,P<0.008),早产与足月损伤分布范围较为一致,共同累及的区域包括丘脑后辐射、角回及上放射冠。结论基于T1WI的病灶概率映射于脑区水平细化了不同程度PWML病灶的时空分布特征,为深入理解PWML的病理生理机制及预后评估提供了解剖基础。展开更多
基金supported by grants to W. D. from the National Institutes of Health (R01 NS059043 and R01 ES015988)the National Multiple Sclerosis Society+1 种基金the Feldstein Medical FoundationShriners Hospitals for Children
文摘Premature birth is a significant economic and public health burden, and its incidence is rising. Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is the predominant form of brain injury in premature infants and the leading cause of cerebral palsy. PVL is characterized by selective white-matter damage with prominent oligodendroglial injury. The maturation-dependent vulnerability of developing and premyelinating oligodendrocytes to excitotoxic, oxidative, and inflammatory forms of injury is a major factor in the pathogenesis of PVL. Recent studies using mouse models of PVL reveal that synapses between axons and developing oligodendrocytes are quickly and profoundly damaged in immature white matter. Axon-glia synapses are highly vulnerable to white-matter injury in the developing brain, and the loss of synapses between axons and premyelinating oligodendrocytes occurs before any cellular loss in the immature white matter. Microglial activation and astrogliosis play important roles in triggering white-matter injury. Impairment of white-matter development and function in the neonatal period contributes critically to functional and behavioral deficits. Preservation of the integrity of the white matter is likely key in the treatment of PVL and subsequent neurological consequences and disabilities.
文摘目的:脑白质高信号(white matter hyperintensities,WMH)是老年人常见的影像特征之一,其在颅脑MRI T2WI及FLAIR序列上呈高信号,与痴呆、中风及死亡率增加密切相关。因此本文探讨影响WMH体积的相关危险因素及其与认知功能的关系。方法:收集2020年1月至2022年12月于我院就诊的184例WMH患者,根据Fazekas量表分为轻度和重度WMH组,比较两组间人口学特征、血脂和甲功等水平的差异,利用ITK-SNAP软件计算WMH体积,多因素回归分析影响WMH体积的危险因素。比较有无认知障碍组间WMH体积的差异,评估WMH体积对认知障碍的诊断能力。结果:轻度WMH组142例,重度WMH组42例。Fazekas评分与WMH体积有较高相关性(r=0.829,P<0.001)。重度WMH组患者年龄更大,高血压和糖尿病患病率更高,血清FT3水平更低。合并高血压、糖尿病的患者WMH体积更大,年龄与WMH体积呈正相关(r=0.379,P<0.001),而血清FT3水平与WMH体积的关联性一般。校正混杂因素后,多元线性分析结果提示年龄和高血压与WMH体积独立相关。在184例受试者中,126例患者合并认知障碍,58例认知正常,认知障碍组WMH体积显著高于认知正常组,WMH预测认知障碍的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.685,WMH的最佳截断值为3975.77 mm3,敏感度为65.10%,特异度为69.00%。结论:年龄、高血压是WMH体积的独立危险因素,此外,糖尿病和低FT3水平也与WMH严重程度相关。WMH与认知功能密切相关,WMH体积越大,认知功能越差,WMH体积有助于早期识别认知障碍人群。
文摘目的探究急性缺血性脑卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)病人静脉溶栓治疗后出血转化与脑白质高信号(white matter hyperintensity,WMH)的相关性。方法回顾性分析137例AIS病例资料,均进行静脉溶栓治疗,根据是否发生出血转化分为出血组(53例)和未出血组(84例)。采用单因素与Logistic回归分析AIS病人治疗后出血转化的危险因素。结果两组病人年龄、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(national institute of health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分、高血压、发病到治疗时间、WMH程度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示中重度WMH(OR=2.796,95%CI:1.450-5.391)是AIS病人治疗后出血转化的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论WMH是影响AIS病人溶栓治疗后出血转化的危险因素,中重度WMH病人发生出血转化的风险更高。
文摘目的采用基于T1WI的病灶映射方法刻画新生儿局灶性脑白质损伤(punctate white matter lesions,PWML)的好发区域并探究其时空分布规律。材料与方法回顾性纳入PWML新生儿94例,其中轻度损伤60例(早产/足月:24/36),重度损伤34例(早产/足月:20/14)。基于T1WI手动标记病灶,与约翰霍普金斯大学新生儿T1WI模板配准后叠加图谱,最终生成PWML概率映射图并计算病灶在不同区域的分布概率。对轻重度PWML组间以及不同分组内早产与足月儿各脑叶病灶体积进行比较。结果轻度PWML的分布均以颞顶叶为主(病灶体积于颞顶叶>额叶>枕叶,P<0.008),尤其是丘脑后辐射、角回及缘上回;早产儿损伤范围较足月儿增加,且向额叶延伸。重度PWML主要分布于额颞顶叶(病灶体积于额颞顶叶>枕叶,P<0.008),早产与足月损伤分布范围较为一致,共同累及的区域包括丘脑后辐射、角回及上放射冠。结论基于T1WI的病灶概率映射于脑区水平细化了不同程度PWML病灶的时空分布特征,为深入理解PWML的病理生理机制及预后评估提供了解剖基础。
文摘目的:探讨脑白质病变(white matter lesions,WML)对帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)患者运动症状、认知功能和情绪的影响。方法:纳入2018年1月至2023年12月就诊于安徽医科大学第二附属医院神经内科PD患者123例,应用年龄相关的白质改变(age-related white matter changes,ARWMC)量表评估患者头颅MRI影像学的脑白质病变程度,根据评分结果将患者分为轻度WML组(46例),中重度WML组(77例);使用帕金森病统一评定量表第三部分、Hoehn&Yahr(H-Y)分级量表评定运动症状及疾病严重程度,简易精神状态检查(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)评估PD的认知功能,汉密尔顿抑郁量表,汉密尔顿焦虑量表评定情绪状态,Barthel指数评定患者日常生活功能状态。比较两组患者的运动症状、认知及情绪评分等差异,应用Logistic回归分析PD患者的WML与临床症状的关系。结果:中重度WML组的高血压发生率(41.6%vs.23.9%,P<0.05)高于轻度WML组。中重度WML组的H-Y分级高于轻度WML组[2.5(1.5,3.0)vs.2.0(1.5,2.5),P<0.05],UPDRS-Ⅲ评分高于轻度WML组[(34.0±16.5)vs.(24.09±11.04),P<0.01]。此外,中重度WML组的MMSE评分低于轻度WML组[24.0(18.5,27.0)vs.26.0(23.8,27.0),P<0.01],Barthel得分亦低于轻度WML组[(77.4±17.4)vs.(83.5±11.7),P<0.05],差异有统计学意义。相关分析显示,ARWMC总分与HY及UPDRS-Ⅲ得分呈正相关,与年龄亦呈正相关。ARWMC总分与MMSE得分及Barthel评分呈负相关。Logistic回归分析显示,重度WML损害与认知障碍有相关性(回归系数β=1.072,95%CI=1.078~7.918,P=0.035)。结论:WML与PD运动障碍、认知功能损害及生活质量下降相关。