目的了解PI3K-δ过度活化综合征的临床特征及致病基因。方法回顾分析1例PI3K-δ过度活化综合征患儿的临床资料。结果患儿,男,3岁10个月,反复呼吸道感染,肝脾肿大,发育落后。提取患儿及父母外周血DNA,通过全外显子组测序及Sanger验证,证...目的了解PI3K-δ过度活化综合征的临床特征及致病基因。方法回顾分析1例PI3K-δ过度活化综合征患儿的临床资料。结果患儿,男,3岁10个月,反复呼吸道感染,肝脾肿大,发育落后。提取患儿及父母外周血DNA,通过全外显子组测序及Sanger验证,证实患儿PIK3CD基因存在错义变异c.3061G>A(E1021K),先证者父母PIK3CD基因均未发现上述变异,为新生变异。该突变使PIK3CD基因发生功能获得性突变,导致编码的p110δ活性增强,PI3K-PIP3-AKT-mTOR信号通路过度激活,诱导细胞分化增殖,致疾病发生,为致病性突变。结论 PI 3 K-δ过度活化综合征为罕见的常染色体显性遗传免疫缺陷病,基因检测可协助诊断。展开更多
BACKGROUND Despite an expanding number of studies on intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct(IPNB),distant metastasis remains unexplained especially in cases of carcinoma in situ.In the present study,we report...BACKGROUND Despite an expanding number of studies on intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct(IPNB),distant metastasis remains unexplained especially in cases of carcinoma in situ.In the present study,we report a rare and interesting case of IPNB without invasive components that later metastasized to lungs and brain.CASE SUMMARY A 69-year-old male was referred to our hospital due to suspected cholangiocarcinoma.Laboratory tests on admission reported a mild elevation of alkaline phosphatase,γ-glutamyl transpeptidase,and total bilirubin in serum.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography revealed a filling defect in the common bile duct(CBD)extending to the left hepatic duct.Peroral cholangioscopy delineated a tumor in the CBD that had a papillary pattern.Multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography detected partial blockage ot interlude in the CBD leading to cholestasis without evidence of metastasis.Therefore,a diagnosis of IPNB cT1N0M0 was established.Left hepatectomy with bile duct reconstruction was performed.Pathological examination confirmed an intraepithelial neoplasia pattern without an invasive component and an R0 resection achievement.The patient was monitored carefully by regular examinations.However,at 32 mo after the operation,a 26 mm tumor in the lungs and a 12 mm lesion in the brain were detected following a suspicious elevated CA 19-9 level.Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery of left upper lobectomy and stereotactic radiotherapy are indicated.In addition to histopathological results,a genomic profiling analysis using whole exome sequencing subsequently confirmed lung metastasis originating from bile duct cancer.CONCLUSION This case highlights the important role of genomic profiling analysis using whole exome sequencing in identifying the origin of metastasis in patients with IPNB.展开更多
文摘目的了解PI3K-δ过度活化综合征的临床特征及致病基因。方法回顾分析1例PI3K-δ过度活化综合征患儿的临床资料。结果患儿,男,3岁10个月,反复呼吸道感染,肝脾肿大,发育落后。提取患儿及父母外周血DNA,通过全外显子组测序及Sanger验证,证实患儿PIK3CD基因存在错义变异c.3061G>A(E1021K),先证者父母PIK3CD基因均未发现上述变异,为新生变异。该突变使PIK3CD基因发生功能获得性突变,导致编码的p110δ活性增强,PI3K-PIP3-AKT-mTOR信号通路过度激活,诱导细胞分化增殖,致疾病发生,为致病性突变。结论 PI 3 K-δ过度活化综合征为罕见的常染色体显性遗传免疫缺陷病,基因检测可协助诊断。
文摘BACKGROUND Despite an expanding number of studies on intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct(IPNB),distant metastasis remains unexplained especially in cases of carcinoma in situ.In the present study,we report a rare and interesting case of IPNB without invasive components that later metastasized to lungs and brain.CASE SUMMARY A 69-year-old male was referred to our hospital due to suspected cholangiocarcinoma.Laboratory tests on admission reported a mild elevation of alkaline phosphatase,γ-glutamyl transpeptidase,and total bilirubin in serum.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography revealed a filling defect in the common bile duct(CBD)extending to the left hepatic duct.Peroral cholangioscopy delineated a tumor in the CBD that had a papillary pattern.Multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography detected partial blockage ot interlude in the CBD leading to cholestasis without evidence of metastasis.Therefore,a diagnosis of IPNB cT1N0M0 was established.Left hepatectomy with bile duct reconstruction was performed.Pathological examination confirmed an intraepithelial neoplasia pattern without an invasive component and an R0 resection achievement.The patient was monitored carefully by regular examinations.However,at 32 mo after the operation,a 26 mm tumor in the lungs and a 12 mm lesion in the brain were detected following a suspicious elevated CA 19-9 level.Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery of left upper lobectomy and stereotactic radiotherapy are indicated.In addition to histopathological results,a genomic profiling analysis using whole exome sequencing subsequently confirmed lung metastasis originating from bile duct cancer.CONCLUSION This case highlights the important role of genomic profiling analysis using whole exome sequencing in identifying the origin of metastasis in patients with IPNB.
