A Democracy That Works Western democracies have failed to address people’s livelihood concerns while the Chinese practice has made notable achievements

More than 200 scholars,researchers,former government o!cials and party leaders from over 50 countries gathered in the sprawling building of the Chinese Academy of History in Beijing on 20 March for the third International Forum on Democracy:The Shared Human Values.The forum debated the concept of democracy,its trajectories and prospects,and,more importantly,how it can be made to work and deliver tangible results for di"erent countries.

Human Rights in China:Exploration and Development of Whole-process People’s Democracy

Whole-process people’s democracy represents a new exploration of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era as well as a novel and important method for protecting the human rights of the Chinese people.It is conducive to solving a multitude of problems hindering the protection of civil rights and political rights.The greatest highlight of whole-process people’s democracy is that the people are the masters of their own country and exercise the power to govern the state through“extensive participation and consultation.”China’s experience and approaches in advancing whole-process people’s democracy provide a reference for other countries.

Inherent Features and Future Practice of Whole-Process People's Democracy from a Comparative Perspective

Democracy is a common value pursued by human society and is often viewed as an important symbol of the development level of a political civilization. However, after a review of the histories of different countries around the world。

Whole-process case management effects on mental state and selfcare ability in patients with liver cancer

BACKGROUND Regarding the incidence of malignant tumors in China,the incidence of liver cancer ranks fourth,second only to lung,gastric,and esophageal cancers.The case fatality rate ranks third after lung and cervical cancer.In a previous study,the whole-process management model was applied to patients with breast cancer,which effectively reduced their negative emotions and improved treatment adherence and nursing satisfaction.METHODS In this single-center,randomized,controlled study,60 randomly selected patients with liver cancer who had been admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to January 2022 were randomly divided into an observation group(n=30),who received whole-process case management on the basis of routine nursing mea-sures,and a control group(n=30),who were given routine nursing measures.We compared differences between the two groups in terms of anxiety,depression,the level of hope,self-care ability,symptom distress,sleep quality,and quality of life.RESULTS Post-intervention,Hamilton anxiety scale,Hamilton depression scale,memory symptom assessment scale,and Pittsburgh sleep quality index scores in both groups were lower than those pre-intervention,and the observation group had lower scores than the control group(P<0.05).Herth hope index,self-care ability assessment scale-revision in Chinese,and quality of life measurement scale for patients with liver cancer scores in both groups were higher than those pre-intervention,with higher scores in the observation group compared with the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Whole-process case management can effectively reduce anxiety and depression in patients with liver cancer,alleviate symptoms and problems,and improve the level of hope,self-care ability,sleep quality,and quality of life,as well as provide feasible nursing alternatives for patients with liver cancer.

On the Whole-Process People’s Democracy and the Construction of Citizens’ Cultural Quality

The Whole-Process People’s Democracy has become an important proposition of the socialist modernization democratic theory with Chinese characteristics,and has important value for the development of the new form of human civilization.The Whole-Process People’s Democracy is not only a“democracy”system,its focus is to achieve“people’s democracy”,its unique feature is to surpass“non process”democracy with the“Whole-Process”,and create a new governance path of a new form of human civilization.Of course,the emphasis of people’s democracy on the consciousness of people’s subjective participation in the whole process also puts forward corresponding requirements for the cultural quality construction of Chinese social citizens in the new era,so it is also of great significance to pay attention to the cultivation of citizens’public spirit.

On the Process and Rights in the Whole-process People’s Democracy

Theoretically, the whole-process people’s democracy involves five processes, namely, political process, policy process, urban and rural community governance process, enterprises and institutions management process, and international exchange process. Fach process includes several links which involve different democratic rights. To comprehensively promote the whole-process people’s democracy, it is necessary to make a detailed distinction between the democratic rights of each process, build a corresponding system and mechanism for the protection of rights, improve the ability of people in democracy, and establish the system and mechanism for evaluating the effect of democracy implementation.

On the Human Rights Implications of the Whole-process People’s Democracy

The whole-process people’s democracy is a prerequisite for the people’s democracy.It is the organic unity of process and outcome democracy,procedural and substantive democracy,direct and indirect democracy,as well as the people’s democracy and the will of the state.The whole-process people’s democracy is the latest theoretical expression of the concept of socialist human rights with Chinese characteristics,a new achievement in the practice of socialist human rights with Chinese characteristics,a new development of the system of the socialist human rights with Chinese characteristics,and a new contribution to the development path of human rights in the world.

The Core of the Chinese Democracy Is to Respect and Protect Human Rights——A Summary of the Academic Seminar on Chinese Democracy and Human Rights Protection

On March 26,2023,a Seminar on Chinese Democracy and Human Rights Protection was held,jointly organized by the National Human Rights Education and Training Base and the Human Rights Research Center of Central South University under the guidance of the Chinese Society for Human Rights Studies.The event adopted a combination of online and offline channels.Over 30 experts and scholars from universities,research institutions,and practical departments across the country participated in extensive discussions on“Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Chinese Democracy and Protection of Human Rights.”The seminar aimed to focused on the essence,characteristics,advantages,and human rights implications of Chinese democracy and interpreted the concept of Chinese democracy and the protection of human rights through academic and theoretical methods.

Path Breakthrough of Medical Humanities Education From the Perspective of“All-Staff,Whole-Process,and All-Round Education”

Medical education is an important cornerstone for the development of healthcare,and medical humanities education,as an integral part of medical education,plays an irreplaceable role in cultivating people’s health guardians with high medical ethics.We adopted the method of stratified random sampling to select 309 students and 107 faculty members from three independent medical colleges in Sichuan province as the research subjects and distributed questionnaire surveys investigating in three dimensions:overall cognition of medical humanities,evaluation of medical humanistic qualities,and the current situation of medical humanities education,supplemented by an in-depth literature review and interviews with subject matter experts.We found that“tech-centrism”still has a great influence,the self-evaluation of medical students’humanistic quality is generally not high,the educational concept of“emphasizing professional skills over morality”of faculty and staff is still quite prevalent,and there is still the“last mile”phenomenon in medical humanities education.In order to promote the integrated development of“new medicine”and“new liberal arts”and break the barriers of“tech-centrism”and“instrumental rationality,”it is necessary to change the educational concept and strengthen the education of all employees,break through the bottleneck of internships and strengthen the whole process of education,integrate educational resources and strengthen all-round education,improve the incentive mechanisms,strengthen the assessment methods,and provide Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions for the development of medical humanities education.

Western Democracy:A Democracy in Distress

Western experts and scholars share their opinions about Western democracy and Chinese democracy at the Second International Forum on Democracy:The Shared Human Values.THE Summit for Democracy 2023 held on March 28 in the U.S.is the host country’s latest try to accuse other countries of being authoritarian,based on its own standard and the hegemonistic mindset.Is such an accusation well-grounded?Participants of the Second International Forum on Democracy,which concluded days earlier on March 23 in Beijing,beg to differ,including voices from some Western countries.

Reassessing Human Rights VS Democracy of the Public:A Necessary Challenge?

Today,we are witnessing a profound transformation of the dominant model of representative democracy which is increasingly giving way to a new form of democracy of the public,as Bernard Manin defined it.In a democracy of the public,parties tend to personalise themselves,becoming machines serving one particular person,who embodies public feelings.Participation and social organization within the territory are progressively replaced by a widespread communication and social media framework where the citizens become just passive spectators.To this,we must add that the spectacularisation of the current democratic systems,adopted to satisfy the audience,leads to negative effects on the protection of fundamental rights.This article will analyse the aspects that characterise the democracies of the public,and their social and legal effects on the consideration of human rights.The article goes further without being limited to this issue.In fact,it wants to emphasise the way human rights are crucial to bolstering democracies,rather than merely the other way around.Doctrines and politics have frequently emphasised the need for democracy,and,more specifically,the export of democracies to advance human rights.Contrarily,a shift in perspective is required in order to preserve liberal democracies.

Application of Whole-Process Management in Day Surgery for Endometrial Polyp

Objective:To explore the effect of whole-process management model in nursing management of endometrial polyp day surgery.Methods:266 patients that underwent endometrial polyp day surgery from January to December 2022 were selected for this study,and they were separated into an observation group(131 patients)and a control group(135 patients);the clinical data of the two groups were compared.Results:After intervention,the scores of Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAM-A)of the patients in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The rate of postoperative complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the satisfaction degree of the patients in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of the whole-course management model in endometrial polyp day surgery can alleviate patients’anxiety,ensure the quality and safety of day surgery nursing,and improve patients’satisfaction.

以全过程人民民主为支点构建中国民主话语体系研究

与西方国家垄断民主话语权相比,中国民主在国际上仍处于“失声”“挨骂”的处境,尚未获得与大国地位相适应、与综合国力相匹配的国际话语权。以全过程人民民主为“阿基米德支点”来构建中国民主话语体系,推动全过程人民民主制度优势和实践优势转化为理论优势和话语优势,有助于塑造良好的中国民主形象,打破西方民主话语的桎梏,提升中国民主的国际话语权和影响力。全过程人民民主坚持以人民为中心的理念,侧重民主参与的全过程性,强调协商与合作,为中国民主话语体系赋予“人民性”价值底蕴,使其摆脱了“民主=选举”的话语窠臼,蕴含了“良政善治”的叙事逻辑,给其贴上“共识政治”的标签,确立了合理的民主评价标准。以全过程人民民主为支点构建中国民主话语体系,必须扎根全过程人民民主的多样性实践,加强对全过程人民民主的学术研究,深化对全过程人民民主的理论创新,提炼出我国人民认可且能为国际社会接受的中国民主话语。

全过程人民民主视域下人大代表联络站的功能定位与完善路径

人民代表大会制度是实现我国全过程人民民主的重要制度载体,而人大代表联络站则是我国人民代表大会制度和全过程人民民主在基层的生动实践平台。近年来,人大代表联络站得到快速发展,但也同样面临一系列困境与挑战。因此,进一步厘清人大代表联络站的功能定位、践行全过程民主模式、完善人大代表联络站制度具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。已有研究缺乏对人大代表联络站的实践发展进行全方位的理论探讨和系统总结。本文基于全过程人民民主视角,分别从法律定位、政治定位、角色定位和实践定位四个维度阐释人大代表联络站的具体功能定位,梳理浙江省人大代表联络站践行全过程人民民主的创新模式和做法,剖析人大代表联络站在身份认同、代表履职、实践功能、组织建设和协商议事等五个方面所面临的主要困境,最后提出完善人大代表联络站的对策路径。

共有、共治与共享:大模型技术的发展之路

大模型技术正在重塑人类社会,并可能产生出新的弱势群体。大模型技术的发展需要人民民主的价值理念,因为通过人民民主可以让那些新弱势群体在大模型技术发展过程中直接表达其诉求,通过温和谈判来缓和剧烈的利益冲突,同时用人民民主制度来保障大模型技术产生的效益被社会大众所共享。人民民主的内涵主要表现为以生产资料公有制为主体、人民共同参与政治和共享社会发展成果等内容,体现在大模型技术领域就是大模型技术的共有、共治和共享。大模型技术的共有意味着其未来作为智能技术时代的基础设施而存在。为了防止大模型技术被资本吞噬,国家需要以某种方式介入,通过构建统一公共算力平台,并使得创新型企业获得更多的发展机会。大模型技术的共治意味着,要形成以积极公民为中心的行动者网络、去商品化的共治逻辑、国家的适度干预,并从新弱势群体中发现新的奇异吸引子。大模型技术的共享意味着,需要更多重视再分配、差别原则和再承认等核心内容。再承认的关键是,要使得那些新弱势群体在能力建设的基础之上获得其第二次降生的机会。

中国共产党在中央苏区时期法制建设的民主特质及立法精神

习近平总书记在中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会的报告中强调:“坚持共产党的领导”是“中国式现代化的本质要求”。马克思主义传入中国及中国共产党的成立,开辟了中国现代化建设的新方向。中国共产党在中央苏区时期进行了现代化国家建设的重要尝试,在法制建设方面贯彻了马克思主义人民民主的原则,体现了充分的民主性。这一时期,中国共产党制定和颁行的一系列法律、法令、条例、训令,以马克思主义人民民主思想为根本指导思想,以解放中国社会的广大劳苦人民群众、建立工人和农民的民主专政为根本目的,同时在立法、执法、司法过程中又特别注重人民对权力的民主监督。中国共产党在苏维埃时期的法制建设实践,体现着中国共产党最早的民主政治理念,是当代中国社会主义法治的源头所在。

论政策共识构建中的算法支配:模式与维度

人类社会进入算法时代,政策共识构建无论是在科学化发展还是在民主化进程中都受到算法影响,当这种影响发展到一定程度时则会出现算法支配的现象。根据算法的自动化程度与相对于人类的独立性,政策共识构建中的算法支配可分为四种模式:工具性支配、平台式支配、博弈性支配、自动化支配。四种模式对政策共识构建的影响体现在不同层面,但都是从四个方面展开:通过代码设计对政策诉求进行标准化解读;对个体感知做出隐蔽控制以此编辑诉求内容;形成严密的审查体系对行为进行监控并做出引导;设定计算规则塑造共识构建的程序和方式。总体而言,政策共识构建的算法支配体现为技术支配与权力支配的混合,需要基于对算法的全面认知做出应对。

中国共产党民主话语的理论表达、生成逻辑与阐释路径

“人民民主是社会主义的生命”“实现民主有多种方式,不可能千篇一律”“最广泛、最真实、最管用的民主”“坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一”等经典表述,展现了中国共产党民主话语的构成特点及表达特色。基于超越和适应的生成逻辑,既塑造了中国共产党民主话语鲜明的比较意涵和自主意涵,也使其呈现出解构与建构、拒绝与包容、特殊与普遍、阐释与叙事、归纳与演绎相结合的特点。新时代,推进党的民主话语走向世界,展示中国现代政治文明的新形态,需要加强基于一般性政治语言的理论阐释和传播,处理好话语竞争与对话的关系;需要推进基于实践的话语证成,通过全过程人民民主的充分、健康、有序运行,在持续的创新实践中证明和展示其生命力、优越性和类型学价值。

人民民主:一个政治概念的中国化演变

中国的民主是“人民民主”。近代以来,“人民民主”贯穿于整个中国社会的发展变迁,在“民主”—“人民民主”—“全过程人民民主”的话语流变中呈现出不同的概念内涵,蕴含着深刻的历史逻辑。从概念史角度予以透视,“人民民主”概念历经西学东渐、“民主”革命、“民主”建国、“民主”发展、“民主”创新五个阶段,初步建构起中国化的民主话语体系,其演变符合一定的遍在性规律,本质上是对特定时空环境的反射与回应。站在分析视野解构这一演变,“民主”的中国化是必然的历史走向,“全过程人民民主”也内嵌时代要求。正确把握“人民民主”概念的演变规律,俾使“全过程人民民主”理论体系与实践效能得到进一步完善提升。

论全过程人民民主的民主治理结构及其特征

全过程人民民主是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要内涵,也是理解当下中国现实民主政治制度运行特征的重要制度抓手。全过程人民民主既兼具传统民主体制下高度关注民主主体的来源、民主内涵的确定性和民主存在与否的界定标准等民主的正当性问题,也注重如何运用现代科学技术不断提升民主活动的技术保障能力和水准、不断提高社会主义民主的主体人民参与民主政治建设活动的效率。“新质生产力”推动了“新质生产关系”的确立,“新质”生产力和生产关系的有机结合形成了“新质经济基础”,并在此基础上,按照马克思主义基本原理,推动上层建筑自身内涵的变革,形成了“新质上层建筑”。由互联网、大数据、AI等新技术推动形成的“新质生产力”不断壮大和发展的结果,对社会主义民主的影响就是必然会催生“新质民主”,这一“新质民主”中的“新质”集中体现为“全过程”,因此,“全过程人民民主”作为“新质民主”的制度表现形式,改善了民主自身的治理结构,并呈现出“全链条、全方位、全覆盖”的民主治理特征。