FEATURE EXTRACTION OF BONES AND SKIN BASED ON ULTRASONIC SCANNING

In the prosthetic socket design, aimed at the high cost and radiation deficiency caused by CT scanning which is a routine technique to obtain the cross-sectional image of the residual limb, a new ultrasonic scanning method is developed to acquire the bones and skin contours of the residual limb. Using a pig fore-leg as the scanning object, an overlapping algorithm is designed to reconstruct the 2D cross-sectional image, the contours of the bone and skin are extracted using edge detection algorithm and the 3D model of the pig fore-leg is reconstructed by using reverse engineering technology. The results of checking the accuracy of the image by scanning a cylinder work pieces show that the extracted contours of the cylinder are quite close to the standard circumference. So it is feasible to get the contours of bones and skin by ultrasonic scanning. The ultrasonic scanning system featuring no radiation and low cost is a kind of new means of cross section scanning for medical images.

^(68)Ga-PSMA PET/CT versus CT and bone scan for investigation of PSA failure post radical prostatectomy

Objective:To evaluate the use of Gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography(^(68)Ga-PSMA PET/CT),compared with conventional CT abdomen/pelvis(CTAP)and whole body single photon emission CT bone scan(BS),for detection of local or distant metastasis following biochemical failure/recurrence in post-prostatectomy patients.Methods:We conducted a review of our prospectively maintained,institutional database to identify 384 patients with post-prostatectomy biochemical failure/recurrence who underwent PSMA PET/CT,CTAP and BS from February 2015 to August 2017 in Nepean Hospital,tertiary referral centre.The results of the three imaging modalities were analysed for their ability to detect local recurrence and distant metastases.PSMA PET/CT and CTAP imaging were separately performed on the same day and the BS was performed within several days(mostly in 24 h).Difference in detection rates was determined between the modalities and the Chi square test was used to determine significance.Results:A total of 384 patients were identified with a median prostate-specific antigen(PSA)of 0.465 ng/mL(interquartile range =0.19-2.00 ng/mL).Overall,PSMA PET/CT was positive for 245(63.8%)patients whereas CTAP and BS were positive in 174 patients(45.3%).A total of 98 patients(25.5%)had local or distant metastasis detected on PSMA only,while 20 patients(5.2%)had recurrences detected on CTAP but not on PSMA PET/CT.Conclusion:The use of PSMA PET/CT has a higher detection rate of predicted local or distant metastasis compared to CTAP and BS in the staging of patients with biochemical recurrences after radical prostatectomy.

When is a bone scan study appropriate in asymptomatic men diagnosed with prostate cancer？

Aims： To determine when a bone scan investigation is appropriate in asymptomatic men diagnosed with prostate cancer. Methods： Between November 2005 and July 2006, 317 men with prostate cancer underwent a bone scan study; 176 men fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Prostate-specific antigen （PSA） cut-offs as well as univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses using digital rectal examination finding, biopsy Gleason scores and age were performed to determine when a bone scan study is likely to be of value. Results： Only 1/61 men （1.6%） with a serum PSA 〈 20 ng/mL had a positive bone scan. However, 2/38 men （4.7%） with a serum PSA 20.1-40.0 ng/mL, 3/20 men （15%） with a serum PSA 40.1-60.0 ng/mL, 7/19 men （36.8%） with a serum PSA 60.1-100.0 ng/mL and 19/38 men （50%） with a serum PSA 〉 100.0 ng/mL had positive bone scans. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were uninformative in these groups. Conclusion： Based on our findings, a bone scan is of limited value in asymptomatic prostate cancer patients presenting PSA 〈 20 ng/mL. Therefore, this investigation can be eliminated unless a curative treatment is contemplated. Furthermore, digital rectal examination finding, biopsy Gleason score and age are unhelpful in predicting those who might harbor bone metastasis.

Bone Scan Index Is a Prognostic Factor for Breast Cancer Patients with Bone Metastasis Being Treated with Zoledronic Acid

Bone scan index (BSI) has been used to quantify the spread of bone metastasis and be a prognostic indicator in prostate cancer with bone metastases. However, the utility of BSI in breast cancer patients with bone metastasis has not been yet established. We retrospectively reviewed 57 female breast cancer patients with osteoblastic/lytic combined type bone metastases and treated with zoledronic acid after bone metastasis was identified. Serial bone scintigrams were taken at the time of bone metastasis detection and during the 6- and 12-month follow-ups. The scintigrams were analyzed by BONE NAVITM version 1 and the BSI value was calculated. Additionally, serum cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were measured. The patients were divided in 2 distinct groups—group A representing all follow-up BSI values ≤ initial BSI values and group B representing all follow-up BSI values ≥ initial BSI values. The interval changes of CA15-3 and CEA were divided in the same fashion. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test revealed that the overall survival rate was significantly greater in group A than those of group B after 6 months (p = 0.011) and 12 months (p = 0.016). Univariate analysis revealed that the overall survival rate was significantly greater in group A than those of group B, after a 6 month period (Hazard Ratio [HR] 5.841;95% confidence interval [CI] 1.248 - 27.34;p = 0.025) and 12 month period (HR: 4.22;95% CI 1.17615.15;p = 0.027). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that BSI changes after 6 and 12 months trended toward significance regarding parameters affecting survival rate (age and CA15-3) with a HR = 12.760 (95%CI 1.8110 - 89.850) at 6 months with a p = 0.010 and a HR = 5.0640 (95%CI 1.0590 - 24.220) at 12 months with a p = 0.042. BSI changes after 6 and 12 months appear to be a prognostic factor in breast cancer patients with bone metastasis treated with zoledronic acid.

Study of the bones tissue reparation using nanostructured titanium implants with hydroxylapatite coatings by scanning electron microscopy

A method of medical implants (biocomposites) preparation based on nanostructured titanium with nanocrystalline bioactive hydroxylapatite coatings is developed. The operative treatment using these implants improves the regeneration of bone tissue for rats, as compared to the “false-operated” animals. The morphological data at 7, 14, 21, 45 days are obtained by means of scanning electron microscopy and discussed.

Practice patterns and outcomes of equivocal bone scans for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer: Results from SEARCH

Objective:To review follow-up imaging after equivocal bone scans in men with castration resistant prostate cancer(CRPC)and examine the characteristics of equivocal bone scans that are associated with positive follow-up imaging.Methods:We identified 639 men from five Veterans Affairs Hospitals with a technetium-99m bone scan after CRPC diagnosis,of whom 99(15%)had equivocal scans.Men with equivocal scans were segregated into“high-risk”and“low-risk”subcategories based upon wording in the bone scan report.All follow-up imaging(bone scans,computed tomography[CT],magnetic resonance imaging[MRI],and X-rays)in the 3 months after the equivocal scan were reviewed.Variables were compared between patients with a positive vs.negative follow-up imaging after an equivocal bone scan.Results:Of 99 men with an equivocal bone scan,43(43%)received at least one follow-up imaging test,including 32/82(39%)with low-risk scans and 11/17(65%)with high-risk scans(p=0.052).Of follow-up tests,67%were negative,14%were equivocal,and 19%were positive.Among those who underwent follow-up imaging,3/32(9%)low-risk men had metastases vs.5/11(45%)high-risk men(p=0.015).Conclusion:While 19%of all men who received follow-up imaging had positive follow-up imaging,only 9%of those with a low-risk equivocal bone scan had metastases versus 45%of those with high-risk.These preliminary findings,if confirmed in larger studies,suggest follow-up imaging tests for low-risk equivocal scans can be delayed while high-risk equivocal scans should receive follow-up imaging.

Correlation Study between Skeletal Scintigraphy and CT Scan in Diagnosing Bone Metastases

A retrospective study for 98 patient suspected to bone scan at department of radiology take place, to find out which imaging modality is more sensitive between computed tomography (CT) and bone scan;age group of patient was from 1 year to 90 year, the highest Site of Metastases for both Bone scan & CT was at vertebra with 31%, and the positive finding was also 31% for bone scan, while for CT the highest Site of Metastases was at forearm with 34%, and the sensitivity for CT was 44%, and 56% for bone scan. The study recommends that patients with bone metastases are kindly recommended to bone scan investigation rather than CT scan.

Synthesis and Characterization of a Polymeric Material Blended to Bone Forming Elements

A synthetizing material blended with two distinct proteins (collagen and casein) and mineral mixture, was developed in order to evaluate their properties suitable for possible applications in the biomedical such as inducing the regeneration of damaged bone, either due to an accident or illness. Samples were evaluated by 1) Mechanical properties tests under the bending, 2) Scanning electronic microscopy and 3) Infrared spectroscopy were carried out. The results showed that the developed material has breaking strength and structure characteristics associated with the protein used in their composition. This fact suggests that the used protein determines the resistance of the material, in such a way according to the required use, being able to choose appropriate strength and duration either short or long time. The material composition for specific use, in order to find the most suitable mixture for bone replacement, or induce bone recovery, according to the required properties similar to those of damaged living tissue.

CT平扫联合三维重建诊断不同下颌髁突骨折类型、骨骼移位类型和软组织损伤的效能分析

目的 探讨CT平扫联合三维重建对不同下颌髁突骨折类型、骨骼移位类型和软组织损伤的诊断效能。方法选择2017年6月至2022年6月于邢台市人民医院收治的80例疑似下颌髁突骨折患者,其中男性40例,女性40例;年龄22~65岁,平均年龄35.54岁;损伤原因,意外摔伤23例,交通事故致伤35例,打击致伤22例。全部患者均完善CT联合三维重建和MRI检查。以术中诊断作为评定金标准,比较两种检查方法对不同下颌髁突骨折类型、骨骼移位类型和软组织损伤的检出率,并采用受试者工作特性(ROC)曲线分析两种检查方法的诊断效能。结果 CT平扫联合三维重建和MRI检查对髁突头骨折、髁突颈部骨折、髁突下骨折和Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型骨折及关节腔积液的检出率对比,差异均无统计学意义(均P> 0.05)。MRI对韧带撕裂和髁突表面软组织损伤的检出率明显高于CT平扫联合三维重建[81.25%vs 56.25%、78.75%vs 52.50%。均P <0.05]。ROC曲线结果显示,MRI和CT平扫联合三维重建对髁突骨折类型、关节腔积液和髁突骨折移位情况的诊断效能相当,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。其中MRI对韧带撕裂和髁突表面软组织损伤的诊断效能优于CT平扫联合三维重建。结论 CT平扫联合三维重建和MRI检查对髁突骨折类型、骨折移位情况和关节腔积液的诊断效能相当,其中MRI对软组织损伤的诊断价值更高。

骨肿瘤诊断中MRI检查联合CT扫描的价值研究

分析在骨肿瘤诊断中MRI检查联合CT扫描的诊断价值。选取贵州省盘州市中医医院2021年3月—2023年3月收治的68例骨肿瘤患者为研究对象,对所有患者均实施MRI检查和CT扫描,对比单独检出率和联合检出率。结果显示,68例患者经过病理检查,确诊为良性骨肿瘤的患者有45例,确诊为恶性骨肿瘤的患者有23例。MRI检查联合CT扫描的良恶性检出率均显著高于单独MRI检查和单独CT扫描,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究发现,在骨肿瘤的诊断中,MRI检查联合CT扫描的检出率均较高,MRI检查的影像学特征主要表现为软组织肿块和骨髓水肿,而CT扫描的影像学特征则主要表现为骨膜反应和骨质增生硬化。两种检查方式联合诊断,可提升骨肿瘤的检出率,辅助医生更好地诊断患者的疾病,为后续治疗工作的顺利开展提供有效的影像学数据支持。

低剂量CT扫描在CT定位引导下椎体成形术中的应用价值

目的探讨与分析低剂量CT扫描在CT定位引导下椎体成形术中的应用价值。方法选取2022年1月—2022年12月在甘肃省兰州市榆中县中医院诊治的108例骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(OVCF)患者作为研究对象,根据随机数表法将患者分为研究组与对照组,每组54例。对照组给予传统数字X线摄影定位引导,研究组给予低剂量CT扫描定位引导,研究组与对照组都给予椎体成形术(PVP)治疗,记录与判定两组患者的预后情况。结果两组患者术后7 d的疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分都明显低于术前1 d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),研究组术后7 d的疼痛VAS评分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者术后3个月的腰椎Oswestry量表(ODI)评分都明显低于术前1 d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),研究组术后3个月的腰椎ODI评分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者术后3个月的Cobb角都明显低于术前1 d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),研究组术后3个月的Cobb角与对照组对比有显著降低(P<0.05)。研究组的一次穿刺成功率为98.15%,显著高于对照组的83.33%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),研究组患者的骨水泥注入量、骨水泥渗漏量都显著少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论低剂量CT扫描在CT定位引导下椎体成形术中的应用能提高一次穿刺成功率,减少患者的骨水泥注入量、骨水泥渗漏量,促进缓解患者的疼痛,改善患者的腰椎功能,减小患者的Cobb角。

Analysis of Clinicopathological Factors Associated with Bone Metastasis in Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women today. Once breast can- cer metastasizes to bone, mortality increases. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify patients with high risk of bone metastasis, and to find predictive factors for the occurrence of bone metastasis at an earlier stage of breast cancer. Three hundred and sixty patients with pathologically proved breast cancer visit- ing the Department of Nuclear Medicine for whole body bone scan from January 2006 and January 2009 were investigated in this study. Clinicopathological information was obtained, which consisted of age, menopausal status, clinical staging, lymph node stage, histological grade, the expression of estro- gen receptor （ER）, progesterone receptor （PR） and epidermal growth factor receptor 2 （HER2）. Correla- tion between bone metastasis and the associated factors was tested by using the Chi-square test. A Cox multivariate analysis was used to assess the factors which independently contributed to survival after bone metastasis in breast cancer patients. Survival curves were drawn for metastasis-free interval and the independent factors which contributed to survival, using the Kaplan-Meier method. Twenty-four pa- tients were excluded from subsequent analysis. Three hundred and thirty-six enrolled patients ranged in age from 22 to 77 years （mean, 47.8 years）. ER/PR status [ER（＋） vs. ER（-）, 2,2=4.328, P=0.037; ER（＋）PR（＋） vs. ER（＋）PR（-）, ;（2=4.425, P=-0.035] and histological grade （;（2=7.131, P=0.028） were sig- nificantly associated with bone metastasis. ER status （;（2=8.315, P=0.004） and metastasis-free interval （;（2=6.863, P=-0.009） were independent prognostic factors for survival in breast cancer patients with bone metastasis. Our study suggested that ER/PR status and histological grade are risk factors for the development of bone metastasis in breast cancer patients. However, ER status and metastasis-free inter- val are independent prognostic factors for survival in breast cancer patients with bone metastasis. Breast cancer bone metastasis has its unique characteristics, which is helpful to choose the appropriate treat- ment for breast cancer patients with bone metastasis.

Application of SPECT Combined with CT and MRI in Malignant Tumors Clinical Value in the Diagnosis of Bone Metastasis

Introduction: Bone is the most common site of hematogenous metastasis of malignant tumors. Patients with bone metastasis can have a series of bone related adverse events, which seriously affect the quality of life and survival time of patients. Imaging examination is the main means of clinical diagnosis and evaluation of bone metastasis. Aim of the Work: To evaluate the value of single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) combined with CT and MRI in the diagnosis of bone metastasis of malignant tumors. Subjects and Methods: Eighty patients with bone metastasis from malignant tumors who were admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College were selected from March 2019 to June 2021. They underwent bone scan with SPECT imaging, CT and MRI separately. The distribution of bone metastasis from primary tumors as well as efficacy of the above three detection methods for bone metastasis was analyzed. Results: A total of 464 lesions were detected by SPECT and CT in the same scanning field, with SPECT detection rate of 92.5% (429/464) and CT detection rate of 77.8% (361/464) (P P P P Conclusion: SPECT may be the preferred screening modality for uspected bone metastases, and when combined with CT and MRI, it can clarify the regional distribution of bone metastasis from malignant tumors and improve the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of diagnosis with high clinical significance.

PRODUCTION AND TRANSFORMATION OF IVORY BONE IN OSTEOARTHRITIC FEMORAL HEAD

Twelve femoral heads were collected during total hip replacement forosteoarthritis of hip joint. The areas on the femoral head denuded of articular cartilageand the ivory bone were studied with scanning electron microscope. The following findingswere observed: 1. Over the area denuded of articular cartilage, the subchnodral bone platerevealed flake-like trabeculae whick were unequal in size and haphazard in array. Therewas a transformation of the flake-like trabeculae into lamellar bone tissues. 2. Over theivory bone, the lamellar bone tissues turned into Haversian systems and interstitiallamellae, thereby revealing characteristics of compact bone and became extremely hard. 3.Over the surface of the ivory bone could be seen fibrocartilaginous islands, representingreparative response from the marrow tissues.

CT Scan of the Foot in Patients with Chronic Non-Healing Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease where there is an increased blood sugar level in the body which is either caused due to inability of the pancreas to secrete insulin or the body’s inability to utilize it. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is growing rapidly worldwide. Statistics show that in the year 2014, there were a total of 422 million cases of DM. Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of heart attacks, kidney failure, blindness and leg amputations. Diabetic foot ulcers are quite common and are estimated to affect nearly 15% of all diabetic patients during their lifetime. In long standing diabetic patients with chronic non-healing ulcers, bony changes or deformities are not uncommon. These bony changes can be identified using CT scans. Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted on a total of 40 patients with chronic non-healing ulcer attending the surgery outpatient department of Saveetha Medical College, Chennai, Tamilnadu. The CT-scans of their foot were observed for deformities or bony changes. Results: Out of 40 patients, 67.5% were males and 32.5% were females. A maximum number of subjects fell under the age group of 51 - 60 years. The most common site of the ulcer was found to be in the plantar surface of big toe (53%). Among the 40 patients, 33 of them were found to have bony abnormalities on the CT scan of foot and no apparent changes were seen in the rest. Bone erosions (35%), osteopenic changes (22.5%), Charcot’s joint (2.5%), osteophyte formation (12.5) and reduced joint space (10%) were the predominant changes observed on the CT scans of the study population.

Thermal,infrared spectroscopy and molecular modeling characterization of bone:An insight in the apatite-collagen type I interaction

An insight into the interaction of collagen type I with apatite in bone tissue was performed by using differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and molecular modeling. Scanning electron microscopy shows that bone organic content incinerate gradually through the different temperatures studied. We suggest that the amide regions of the type I collagen molecule (mainly C=O groups of the peptide bonds) will be important in the control of the interactions with the apatite from bone. The amide I infrared bands of the collagen type I change when interacting to apatite, what might confirm our assumption. Bone tissue results in a loss of thermal stability compared to the collagen studied apart, as a consequence of the degradation and further combustion of the collagen in contact with the apatite microcrystals in bone. The thermal behavior of bone is very distinctive. Its main typical combustion temperature is at 360°C with a shoulder at 550°C compared to the thermal behavior of collagen, with the mean combustion peak at ca. 500°C. Our studies with molecular mechanics (MM+ force field) showed different interaction energies of the collagen-like molecule and different models of the apatite crystal planes. We used models of the apatite (100) and (001) planes;additional two planes (001) were explored with phosphate-rich and calcium-rich faces;an energetic preference was found in the latter case. We preliminary conclude that the peptide bond of collagen type I is modified when the molecule interacts with the apatite, producing a decrease in the main peak from ca. 500°C in collagen, up to 350°C in bone. The combustion might be related to collagen type I, as the ΔH energies present only small variations between mineralized and non-mineralized samples. The data obtained here give a molecular perspective into the structural properties of bone and the change in collagen properties caused by the interaction with the apatite. Our study can be useful to understand the biological synthesis of minerals as well as the organic-inorganic interaction and the synthesis of apatite implant materials.

磁共振成像三种增强序列对骨和软组织病变增强效果的比较研究

目的:比较研究磁共振成像(MRI)系统的T1快速自旋回波(T1FSE)序列、T1三点法非对称回波水脂分离成像(T1IDEAL)序列及T1容积加速肝脏采集(T1LAVA-Flex)序列3种增强序列成像在骨和软组织病变中的增强效能,以提高四肢软组织MRI增强的质量和效率。方法:选取在医院就诊的31例行骨盆及下肢软组织MRI检查的患者,按照随机数表法将每例患者在平扫的基础上同时予以T_(1) FSE、T_(1) IDEA和LAVA-Flex增强序列检查的结果分别纳入T_(1) FSE组、T_(1) IDEA组和LAVA-Flex组,比较3组图像的信噪比(SNR)、对比噪声比(CNR)、背景信号的标准差(SD)、病灶边缘的清晰度及伪影评分。采用单因素方差分析方法和LSD两两比较的方法比较3组序列的增强效能,并进行图像清晰度及伪影评分比较。结果:3组中的31例患者T1FSE、T1IDEAL和T1LAVA-Flex序列增强图像的SNR、CNR和SD比较,T1IDEAL组SNR、CNR和SD最佳,其余依次为T1FSE组、T1LAVA-Flex组,3组SNR、CNR和SD的比较差异有统计学意义(F=59.759,F=5.362,F=109.33;P<0.05)。T1FSE组和T1IDEAL组图像显示病灶边缘清晰度均优于T1LAVA-Flex组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.939,χ^(2)=5.429;P<0.05);但伪影T1IDEAL组和T1LAVA-Flex组高于T1FSE组,3组比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.905,P<0.05)。结论:T1IDEAL增强序列成像在骨与软组织病变中具有最高的SNR、CNR和清晰度,以及较少的伪影,可作为骨及软组织病变增强扫描的首选序列,T1 FSE可以做为基本的增强序列,T_(1) LAVA-Flex增强序列可降低增强扫描的时间。

腰椎L_(1)~L_(4)骨密度在女性绝经前后和不同体质量指数中的变化规律

目的探究腰椎L_(1)~L_(4)骨密度在女性绝经前后和不同身体质量指数(BMI)中的变化规律。方法2018年1月至2020年1月在北京朝阳医院采用双能X线骨密度仪检测L_(1)~L_(4)腰椎骨密度的女性患者共1549例,收集患者相关资料,按照患者是否绝经分为绝经前组和绝经后组,按照BMI分为中低体重组(≤24 kg/m^(2))和高体重组(>24 kg/m^(2)),回顾性分析各组间和组内的面积骨密度(areal BMD,aBMD)值是否存在差异。结果绝经后组腰椎L_(1)~L_(4)的aBMD值均低于绝经前组,各组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);②绝经前组内腰椎L_(1)~L_(4)的aBMD值基本相同,各组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);③绝经后组内腰椎L_(1)的aBMD值低于腰椎L_(2)~L_(4),腰椎L_(2)的aBMD值低于腰椎L_(3)及L_(4),各组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),腰椎L_(3)与腰椎L_(4)的aBMD值基本相同,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);④中低体重组腰椎L_(1)~L_(4)的aBMD值均低于高体重组,各组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);⑤中低体重组内腰椎L_(1)的aBMD值低于腰椎L_(2)~L_(4),腰椎L_(2)的aBMD值低于腰椎L_(3)及L_(4),各组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),腰椎L_(3)与腰椎L_(4)的aBMD值基本相同,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);⑥高体重组内L_(1)~L_(4)各腰椎的aBMD值基本相同,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论绝经后和中低体重女性各腰椎椎体骨密度值相对较低,骨质疏松和骨折风险增加,且绝经后和中低体重女性L_(1)、L_(2)腰椎骨密度值相比L_(3)、L_(4)腰椎更低,更易发生骨质疏松和骨折。

应用多层螺旋CT多期增强检查对肺癌多发骨转移的诊断价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)多期增强检查对肺癌多发骨转移患者的诊断价值.方法:选取2021年7月至2022年10月于本院就诊的72例肺癌患者作为研究对象.采用回顾性分析方法分析患者的临床资料.对所有患者进行常规MSCT、MSCT多期增强及PET-CT检查.对比其PET-CT检查结果,计算常规MSCT、MSCT多期增强检查对肺癌的骨转移病灶检出率.结果:常规MSCT检查出骨转移病灶123个,检出率为74.09%;MSCT多期增强检查检出骨转移病灶154个,检出率为92.77%.MSCT多期增强检查的检出率,明显高于常规MSCT的检出率,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).其中对于椎体、肋骨、肩胛骨中肿瘤转移病灶,MSCT多期增强检出率明显高于常规MSCT检查,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).两者在股骨、颅骨转移病灶检出率中比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:MSCT多期增强检查对肺癌不同类型骨转移的临床检出率较高,可为肺癌多发骨转移的诊断和治疗提供影像学参考依据.

肋骨对双能CT和QCT测量椎体骨密度影响的试验研究

目的探究肋骨对双能CT(dual energy CT,DECT)、常规剂量定量CT(normal dose quantitative CT,NDQCT)和低剂量定量CT(low dose quantitative CT,LDQCT)测量欧洲腰椎体模(ESP)骨密度准确率的影响。方法选用ESP中L1、L2、L3椎体分别代表骨质疏松、骨量减低、骨量正常三种骨密度。以每侧3根新鲜猪肋骨斜行包裹于ESP四周模拟人体肋骨。在有、无肋骨条件下分别使用DECT、NDQCT及LDQCT三种方法连续重复扫描10次,测量并记录其骨密度值、容积CT剂量指数(CTDI vol)和剂量长度乘积(DLP)。在同种扫描方法中,分析有、无肋骨条件下各椎体骨密度值的组间差异;在有肋骨条件下,比较三种扫描方法所得骨密度值间的差异,并计算各椎体骨密度值的测量相对误差(relative error,RE)及相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD),评价其准确率及精密度。结果在扫描层面内有和无肋骨时,DECT测得的L1、L2、L3椎体骨密度值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而NDQCT测得的L1、L2椎体骨密度值及LDQCT测得的L1椎体骨密度值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在扫描层面内有肋骨影响时,DECT测得的椎体骨密度值的RE和RSD明显小于NDQCT与LDQCT,而NDQCT与LDQCT测得的同一椎体的骨密度值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论扫描层面内肋骨的存在会对NDQCT、LDQCT测量椎体骨密度的准确性产生一定的影响,而对DECT基本没有影响。