Although cortisol is believed to increase the osteoclast activity and accentuate bone resorption, few studies are available on cortisol and bone density. This study uses salivary cortisol to investigate the relationsh...Although cortisol is believed to increase the osteoclast activity and accentuate bone resorption, few studies are available on cortisol and bone density. This study uses salivary cortisol to investigate the relationship thereof with bone density. Furthermore, we investigated whether the salivary Ca concentration could be an effective biomarker in bone evaluations using salivary cortisol. This study targeted 188 healthy female college students (18 - 25 years old). Calcaneus bone density (Speed of Sound: SOS) was measured using an ultrasonic bone density measurement device. Food intake was calculated via a food intake frequency survey. The saliva of subjects was collected in order to measure the cortisol concentration using an enzyme immunoassay, while the salivary Ca concentration was measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The relationship between salivary cortisol and SOS was not significant, with a correlation coefficient of -0.13, indicating a negative correlation and leading to the observation that those with lower salivary cortisol levels tended to have higher SOS. The relationship between salivary cortisol and salivary Ca concentration was not significant, with a correlation coefficient of +0.15, indicating a positive correlation and leading to the observation that those with higher salivary cortisol concentrations tended to have higher salivary Ca concentrations. No significant correlation was observed in the relationship between salivary Ca concentration and SOS. Because the cortisol in saliva responds more sensitively to acute stress than to chronic stress, this may not have had obvious significance. Furthermore, the salivary Ca concentration indicated large fluctuations, depending on the daily external conditions, particularly in terms of food;therefore, it is believed that the presence or absence of dietary intake before the survey affected the results. The above results suggest that bone density may decrease, while salivary Ca concentration may increase when salivary cortisol concentration increases due to stress.展开更多
Two new freshwater atyid shrimps, Caridina angustipes sp nov.and C clavipes sp nov.from Hunan Province,China are described. C angustipes sp nov.is similar to C baojingensis Guo,He et Bai,1992,b...Two new freshwater atyid shrimps, Caridina angustipes sp nov.and C clavipes sp nov.from Hunan Province,China are described. C angustipes sp nov.is similar to C baojingensis Guo,He et Bai,1992,but with longer rostrum,15-27 dorsal teeth,3-6 ventral teeth,and straighter inner margin of endopods in male 1st pleopods. C clavipes sp nov.is similar to C angustipes ,but with narrower distal and fewer spines on inner margin of endopds in male 1st pleopods,and shorter and thinner appendix masculina in male 2nd pleopods with only 1 spine on inner lateral margin and 4 spines in apex.The holotypes are deposited in Shanghai Fisheries University.Some representative paratypes are deposited in Foshan Science and Technology College.展开更多
Objective:To determine the effects of Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium(EHDF)on physical stress,changes in the whole-body cortisol level and behaviour in zebrafish(Danio rerio).Methods:One hundred and seventy-four fish were ra...Objective:To determine the effects of Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium(EHDF)on physical stress,changes in the whole-body cortisol level and behaviour in zebrafish(Danio rerio).Methods:One hundred and seventy-four fish were randomly divided into 4[adrenocorticotropin hormone(ACTH)challenge test:4 fish per group]or 6 groups(behavioural test:10–12 fish per group,whole-body cortisol:4 fish per group).Net handling stress(NHS)was used to induce physical stress.Fish were treated with vehicle or EHDF(5–20 mg/L)for 6 min before they were exposed to stress.And then,fish were sacrificed for collecting body fluid from whole-body or conducted behavioural tests,including novel tank test and open field test,and were evaluated to observe anxiety-like behaviours and locomotion.In addition,to elucidate the mode of action of the anti-stress effects of EHDF,ACTH(0.2 IU/g,i.p.)challenge test was performed.Results:The increased anxiety-like behaviours in novel tank test and open field test under stress were prevented by treatment with EHDF at 5–20 mg/L(P<0.05).Moreover,compared with the unstressed group,which was not treated with NHS,the whole-body cortisol level was significantly increased by treatment with NHS(P<0.05).Compared with the NHS-treated stressed control group,pre-treatment with EHDF at concentrations of 5–20 mg/L for 6 min significantly prevented the NHS-increased whole-body cortisol level(P<0.05).In addition,ACTH challenge test showed that EHDF completely blocked the effects of ACTH on cortisol secretion(P<0.05).Conclusion:EHDF may be a good antistress candidate and its mechanism of action may be related to its positive effects on cortisol release.展开更多
文摘Although cortisol is believed to increase the osteoclast activity and accentuate bone resorption, few studies are available on cortisol and bone density. This study uses salivary cortisol to investigate the relationship thereof with bone density. Furthermore, we investigated whether the salivary Ca concentration could be an effective biomarker in bone evaluations using salivary cortisol. This study targeted 188 healthy female college students (18 - 25 years old). Calcaneus bone density (Speed of Sound: SOS) was measured using an ultrasonic bone density measurement device. Food intake was calculated via a food intake frequency survey. The saliva of subjects was collected in order to measure the cortisol concentration using an enzyme immunoassay, while the salivary Ca concentration was measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The relationship between salivary cortisol and SOS was not significant, with a correlation coefficient of -0.13, indicating a negative correlation and leading to the observation that those with lower salivary cortisol levels tended to have higher SOS. The relationship between salivary cortisol and salivary Ca concentration was not significant, with a correlation coefficient of +0.15, indicating a positive correlation and leading to the observation that those with higher salivary cortisol concentrations tended to have higher salivary Ca concentrations. No significant correlation was observed in the relationship between salivary Ca concentration and SOS. Because the cortisol in saliva responds more sensitively to acute stress than to chronic stress, this may not have had obvious significance. Furthermore, the salivary Ca concentration indicated large fluctuations, depending on the daily external conditions, particularly in terms of food;therefore, it is believed that the presence or absence of dietary intake before the survey affected the results. The above results suggest that bone density may decrease, while salivary Ca concentration may increase when salivary cortisol concentration increases due to stress.
文摘Two new freshwater atyid shrimps, Caridina angustipes sp nov.and C clavipes sp nov.from Hunan Province,China are described. C angustipes sp nov.is similar to C baojingensis Guo,He et Bai,1992,but with longer rostrum,15-27 dorsal teeth,3-6 ventral teeth,and straighter inner margin of endopods in male 1st pleopods. C clavipes sp nov.is similar to C angustipes ,but with narrower distal and fewer spines on inner margin of endopds in male 1st pleopods,and shorter and thinner appendix masculina in male 2nd pleopods with only 1 spine on inner lateral margin and 4 spines in apex.The holotypes are deposited in Shanghai Fisheries University.Some representative paratypes are deposited in Foshan Science and Technology College.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE)Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)through the Encouragement Program for the Industries of Economic Cooperation Region
文摘Objective:To determine the effects of Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium(EHDF)on physical stress,changes in the whole-body cortisol level and behaviour in zebrafish(Danio rerio).Methods:One hundred and seventy-four fish were randomly divided into 4[adrenocorticotropin hormone(ACTH)challenge test:4 fish per group]or 6 groups(behavioural test:10–12 fish per group,whole-body cortisol:4 fish per group).Net handling stress(NHS)was used to induce physical stress.Fish were treated with vehicle or EHDF(5–20 mg/L)for 6 min before they were exposed to stress.And then,fish were sacrificed for collecting body fluid from whole-body or conducted behavioural tests,including novel tank test and open field test,and were evaluated to observe anxiety-like behaviours and locomotion.In addition,to elucidate the mode of action of the anti-stress effects of EHDF,ACTH(0.2 IU/g,i.p.)challenge test was performed.Results:The increased anxiety-like behaviours in novel tank test and open field test under stress were prevented by treatment with EHDF at 5–20 mg/L(P<0.05).Moreover,compared with the unstressed group,which was not treated with NHS,the whole-body cortisol level was significantly increased by treatment with NHS(P<0.05).Compared with the NHS-treated stressed control group,pre-treatment with EHDF at concentrations of 5–20 mg/L for 6 min significantly prevented the NHS-increased whole-body cortisol level(P<0.05).In addition,ACTH challenge test showed that EHDF completely blocked the effects of ACTH on cortisol secretion(P<0.05).Conclusion:EHDF may be a good antistress candidate and its mechanism of action may be related to its positive effects on cortisol release.
