The primary objective of this investigation was to scrutinize the prepregnancy conditions and lifestyles of 2046 women residing in Liuzhou City, with the aim of delineating the determinants of delivery methods. Eviden...The primary objective of this investigation was to scrutinize the prepregnancy conditions and lifestyles of 2046 women residing in Liuzhou City, with the aim of delineating the determinants of delivery methods. Evidently, the study unearthed substantial correlations between prepregnancy body mass index, educational attainment, exposure to passive smoking, medical history, and other variables with the mode of delivery. Furthermore, a predictive nomogram model was formulated to accurately forecast the likelihood of cesarean section. These discernments equip pertinent authorities with the means to institute targeted screening and supportive measures for women contemplating pregnancy based on these identified factors. Moreover, provision of services such as prepregnancy counseling and clinical risk assessments could be instrumental in curbing the incidence of cesarean section.展开更多
The mode of delivery and gestational age for very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) preterm infants are not yet well established and are constant topics of debate. Objective: To analyze the impact of delivery mode on morbidity ...The mode of delivery and gestational age for very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) preterm infants are not yet well established and are constant topics of debate. Objective: To analyze the impact of delivery mode on morbidity in preterm infants weighing less than 1500 g. Results: Among 21,957 births, 81 were analyzed;53 were delivered vaginally, and 28 were delivered by cesarean section. The median maternal age, gestational age and body mass index among those delivered vaginally and by cesarean section were 20 years and 22.5 years, 27.6 weeks and 30.1 weeks, and 26.0 kg/m2 and 27.8 kg/m2, respectively. With respect to neonatal blood gas parameters, for those born vaginally and by cesarean section, the median pH was 7.32 and 7.24, the pCO2 was 41.5 mmHg and 51.1 mmHg, and the pO2 was 22.3 mmHg and 16 mmHg. The median fetal weight among those born by cesarean section and vaginally were 1180 g and 955 g, respectively. The median Apgar scores at the first and fifth minutes among those born by cesarean section and vaginally were 5.00 and 8.00 and 4.50 and 7.00, respectively. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the results of vaginal and cesarean delivery for VLBW infants. Thus, further studies on this subject are needed.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)refers to abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy,and it is often accompanied by obvious changes in glucose and lipid metabolism,and associated with adverse pregnancy o...BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)refers to abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy,and it is often accompanied by obvious changes in glucose and lipid metabolism,and associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.The incidence of fetal distress,polyhydramnios,puerperal infection,premature delivery,and macrosomia in pregnant women with GDM are higher than in those without GDM.AIM To analyze the relationship between age of pregnant women with GDM and mode of delivery and neonatal Apgar score.METHODS A total of 583 pregnant women with GDM who delivered in the Department of Obstetrics at our hospital between March 2019 and March 2022 were selected.Among them,377 aged<35 years were selected as the right age group and 206 aged>35 years were selected as the older group.The clinical data of the two groups were collected,and the relationship between age of the pregnant women with GDM and mode of delivery,maternal and neonatal outcomes,and neonatal Apgar score were compared.In the older group,159 women were classed as the adverse outcome group and 47 as the good outcome group according to whether they had adverse maternal and infant outcomes.The related factors of adverse maternal and infant outcomes were analyzed through logistic regression.RESULTS The number of women with assisted pregnancy,≤37 wk gestation,≥2 pregnancies,one or more deliveries,and no pre-pregnancy blood glucose screening in the older group were all higher than those in the right age group(P<0.05).The natural delivery rate in the right age group was 40.85%,which was higher than 22.33%in the older group(P<0.05).The cesarean section rate in the older group was 77.67%,which was higher than 59.15%in the right age group(P<0.05).The older group had a higher incidence of polyhydramnios and postpartum hemorrhage,and lower incidence of fetal distress than the right age group had(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in neonatal weight between the two groups(P>0.05).The right age group had higher Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min than the older group had(P<0.05).Significant differences existed between the poor and good outcome groups in age,education level,pregnancy mode,≤37 wk gestation,number of pregnancies,and premature rupture of membranes(P<0.05).Logistic regression showed that age,education level and premature rupture of membranes were all risk factors affecting the adverse outcomes of mothers and infants(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Delivery mode and Apgar score of pregnant women with GDM are related to age.Older age increases the adverse outcome of mothers and infants.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to find out the effect of delivery mode on newborn’s cord blood parameters particularly hemoglobin and hematocrite values. SETTING: Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Qena Facul...OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to find out the effect of delivery mode on newborn’s cord blood parameters particularly hemoglobin and hematocrite values. SETTING: Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Egypt. DURATION: From April 2015 to December 2017. STUDY DESIGN: A cross sectional study. METHODS: 900 live born neonates for healthy mothers were included in this study;all cases were delivered at full-term, with birth weight ranged from 2.5 to 3.5 Kg and had APGAR scores above 7 at 1 and 5 minutes. Newborns were divided into three groups (Group I included 300 newborns delivered by vaginal delivery without augmentation of labor, Group II included 300 newborns delivered vaginally with augmentation of labor and Group III included 300 newborns delivered by elective cesarean section). Blood sample was collected from the umbilical vein of each neonate for estimation of hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBCs count, platelets, WBCs count and reticulocytes. RESULTS: Cesarean section delivery had a statistically significant decrease in the level of iron-related hematologic indices including hemoglobin, hematocrit and RBCs count (p value < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference among studied groups in reticulocyte count with (P value a positive correlation among newborns cord blood hemoglobin as regard to head circumference, length and gestational age and negative correlations as regard to maternal age, parity and birth weight with no statistically significance (P value > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Cesarean section delivery had a significant decrease in the level of iron-related hematologic indices including hemoglobin, hematocrit and RBCs count and has a non-significant decrease in WBCs and platelets counts in neonatal cord blood, which suggest high prevalence of newborn iron-deficiency anemia among cesarean births particularly in developing communities.展开更多
A facile strategy to fabricate gold nanorod@polyacrylic acid/calcium phosphate(Au NR@-PAA/Ca P) yolk–shell nanoparticles(NPs) composed with a PAA/Ca P shell and an Au NR yolk is reported. The asobtained Au NR@PAA/Ca ...A facile strategy to fabricate gold nanorod@polyacrylic acid/calcium phosphate(Au NR@-PAA/Ca P) yolk–shell nanoparticles(NPs) composed with a PAA/Ca P shell and an Au NR yolk is reported. The asobtained Au NR@PAA/Ca P yolk–shell NPs possess ultrahigh doxorubicin(DOX) loading capability(1 mg DOX/mg NPs), superior photothermal conversion property(26%)and p H/near-infrared(NIR) dual-responsive drug delivery performance. The released DOX continuously increased due to the damage of the Ca P shell at low p H values. When the DOX-loaded Au NR@PAA/Ca P yolk–shell NPs wereexposed to NIR irradiation, a burst-like drug release occurs owing to the heat produced by the Au NRs. Furthermore,Au NR@PAA/Ca P yolk–shell NPs are successfully employed for synergic dual-mode X-ray computed tomography/photoacoustic imaging and chemo-photothermal cancer therapy. Therefore, this work brings new insights for the synthesis of multifunctional nanomaterials and extends theranostic applications.展开更多
Objective: Women’s preferences for the mode of delivery provide clues on their knowledge and perceptions of anticipated risk of childbirth complications.?The objective was toinvestigate?incongruence between preferred...Objective: Women’s preferences for the mode of delivery provide clues on their knowledge and perceptions of anticipated risk of childbirth complications.?The objective was toinvestigate?incongruence between preferred mode of delivery and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods: Through a cross-sectional study, data were?collected from 327?women admitted to Mulago hospital. Data included socio-demographic?characteristics, past medical, gynaecological and obstetric history, pregnancy complications, knowledge of pregnancy complications and preferred mode of delivery. The preferred mode of delivery and knowledge of related risks for adverse pregnancy outcomes were compared. Results: The mean age of participants was 24.7 years (±5.9), ranging?14?-?43 years, of whom 41.4% were nulliparous. The preferred mode of delivery was vaginal (84.1%). Incongruence?(preference for a mode of delivery that did not correspond to expected or anticipated risks) occurred in 88 (26.9%) of the women, and was associated with having secondary school or higher level of education (OR 2.49, CI 1.52?-?4.08) and history of previous vaginal delivery (OR 3.82,?CI 1.94?-?7.49). Conclusion: One in four women had incongruence between preferred mode of delivery and risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes, which called?for urgent interventions to improve decision-making about intrapartum care.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF), especially o...<strong>Background:</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF), especially observed before term, is considered a sign of fetal jeopardy. Although many studies characterized this condition and associated it with delivery mode, data is lacking in this area, Saudi Arabia. Thus, we attempted to study it. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> All data were retrieved from pregnant patients with MSAF who delivered at King Abdul, Saudi Arabia, from January 2015 to December 2018. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 758 showed MSAF, of which 83% had vaginal delivery, whereas remaining 17% had an emergency caesarean section. Of them, 32 (4.2%) infants developed meconium aspiration syndrome, and 7 (21.8%) were admitted to the NICU. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> It was reconfirmed that MSAF is associated with a newborn risk, especially meconium aspiration syndrome. Patients had a higher rate for emergent caesarean section and baby admission to NICU. These data may be useful to make health/reproductive-health poly-making in this area.</span></span></span></span>展开更多
Deep space communication has its own features such as long propagation delays,heavy noise,asymmetric link rates,and intermittent connectivity in space,therefore TCP/IP protocol cannot perform as well as it does in ter...Deep space communication has its own features such as long propagation delays,heavy noise,asymmetric link rates,and intermittent connectivity in space,therefore TCP/IP protocol cannot perform as well as it does in terrestrial communications.Accordingly,the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems(CCSDS) developed CCSDS File Delivery Protocol(CFDP),which sets standards of efficient file delivery service capable of transferring files to and from mass memory located in the space segment.In CFDP,four optional acknowledge modes are supported to make the communication more reliable.In this paper,we gave a general introduction of typical communication process in CFDP and analysis of its four Negative Acknowledgement(NAK) modes on the respect of file delivery delay and times of retransmission.We found out that despite the shortest file delivery delay,immediate NAK mode suffers from the problem that frequent retransmission may probably lead to network congestion.Thus,we proposed a new mode,the error counter-based NAK mode.By simulation of the case focused on the link between a deep space probe on Mars and a ter-restrial station on Earth,we concluded that error counter-based NAK mode has successfully reduced the retransmission times at negligible cost of certain amount of file delivery delay.展开更多
In this paper, we conduct research on novel empty core needle transdermal drug delivery mode and the corresponding advantages.Compared with the traditional mode of drug delivery, transdermal drug delivery system advan...In this paper, we conduct research on novel empty core needle transdermal drug delivery mode and the corresponding advantages.Compared with the traditional mode of drug delivery, transdermal drug delivery system advantages obvious drug absorbed from the digestivetract, intestinal factors such as interference, “the first effect” can avoid liver can maintain the stability of the human body blood drugconcentration to increase effectiveness. This paper analyzes the issues from the two aspects. （1） Transdermal Therapeutie System Analysis; （2）Microneedles in Transdermal Drug Delivery. By considering the experimental analysis, we conduct the numerical simulation on the mentionedissues. The experiment result verifi es and refl ects the general properties of the designed methodology that will enhance the overall researchperformance of the related topics.展开更多
由于传统淡水鱼池塘养殖存在废物过量堆积、水体污染严重等问题,以及中国对水产品需求的增加,工厂化循环水养殖、集装箱、圈养模式等高质量、高产量、集约化的新型淡水鱼养殖模式逐渐得到应用。针对新型淡水鱼养殖模式存在投饲劳动强度...由于传统淡水鱼池塘养殖存在废物过量堆积、水体污染严重等问题,以及中国对水产品需求的增加,工厂化循环水养殖、集装箱、圈养模式等高质量、高产量、集约化的新型淡水鱼养殖模式逐渐得到应用。针对新型淡水鱼养殖模式存在投饲劳动强度大、自动化程度低等问题,设计了一款气送式自动投饲系统,实现了定向、定时和定量投饲功能。设计了特定的四通装置和三通装置以保证饲料的定向输送;基于计算流体力学和离散单元法(Computational fluid dynamics-Discrete element method,CFD-DEM)耦合技术,初步确定了满足投饲要求的投饲速度并由此确定了风机型号;开发了以Arduino Mega 2560单片机为核心处理器的投饲控制系统,通过时钟模块实时获取当前时间信息,通过称量传感器实时获取料仓内物料质量信息,通过蓝牙传输预计投饲区域、投饲时间和投饲质量,从而实现定向定时定量投饲;最后试制样机并进行了性能试验,两种工况下投饲的实际投饲距离与仿真结果误差分别为5.74%和9.54%,定向、定时和定量投饲可以准确实现,控制系统响应时间小于1 s,定量投饲最大误差为5.37%。研究结果表明,自动投饲系统结构可靠、控制系统精度较高,满足自动投饲要求。展开更多
文摘The primary objective of this investigation was to scrutinize the prepregnancy conditions and lifestyles of 2046 women residing in Liuzhou City, with the aim of delineating the determinants of delivery methods. Evidently, the study unearthed substantial correlations between prepregnancy body mass index, educational attainment, exposure to passive smoking, medical history, and other variables with the mode of delivery. Furthermore, a predictive nomogram model was formulated to accurately forecast the likelihood of cesarean section. These discernments equip pertinent authorities with the means to institute targeted screening and supportive measures for women contemplating pregnancy based on these identified factors. Moreover, provision of services such as prepregnancy counseling and clinical risk assessments could be instrumental in curbing the incidence of cesarean section.
文摘The mode of delivery and gestational age for very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) preterm infants are not yet well established and are constant topics of debate. Objective: To analyze the impact of delivery mode on morbidity in preterm infants weighing less than 1500 g. Results: Among 21,957 births, 81 were analyzed;53 were delivered vaginally, and 28 were delivered by cesarean section. The median maternal age, gestational age and body mass index among those delivered vaginally and by cesarean section were 20 years and 22.5 years, 27.6 weeks and 30.1 weeks, and 26.0 kg/m2 and 27.8 kg/m2, respectively. With respect to neonatal blood gas parameters, for those born vaginally and by cesarean section, the median pH was 7.32 and 7.24, the pCO2 was 41.5 mmHg and 51.1 mmHg, and the pO2 was 22.3 mmHg and 16 mmHg. The median fetal weight among those born by cesarean section and vaginally were 1180 g and 955 g, respectively. The median Apgar scores at the first and fifth minutes among those born by cesarean section and vaginally were 5.00 and 8.00 and 4.50 and 7.00, respectively. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the results of vaginal and cesarean delivery for VLBW infants. Thus, further studies on this subject are needed.
基金Supported by Hainan Province Clinical medical center and The High-level Talent Project of Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation,No.821RC685.
文摘BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)refers to abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy,and it is often accompanied by obvious changes in glucose and lipid metabolism,and associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.The incidence of fetal distress,polyhydramnios,puerperal infection,premature delivery,and macrosomia in pregnant women with GDM are higher than in those without GDM.AIM To analyze the relationship between age of pregnant women with GDM and mode of delivery and neonatal Apgar score.METHODS A total of 583 pregnant women with GDM who delivered in the Department of Obstetrics at our hospital between March 2019 and March 2022 were selected.Among them,377 aged<35 years were selected as the right age group and 206 aged>35 years were selected as the older group.The clinical data of the two groups were collected,and the relationship between age of the pregnant women with GDM and mode of delivery,maternal and neonatal outcomes,and neonatal Apgar score were compared.In the older group,159 women were classed as the adverse outcome group and 47 as the good outcome group according to whether they had adverse maternal and infant outcomes.The related factors of adverse maternal and infant outcomes were analyzed through logistic regression.RESULTS The number of women with assisted pregnancy,≤37 wk gestation,≥2 pregnancies,one or more deliveries,and no pre-pregnancy blood glucose screening in the older group were all higher than those in the right age group(P<0.05).The natural delivery rate in the right age group was 40.85%,which was higher than 22.33%in the older group(P<0.05).The cesarean section rate in the older group was 77.67%,which was higher than 59.15%in the right age group(P<0.05).The older group had a higher incidence of polyhydramnios and postpartum hemorrhage,and lower incidence of fetal distress than the right age group had(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in neonatal weight between the two groups(P>0.05).The right age group had higher Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min than the older group had(P<0.05).Significant differences existed between the poor and good outcome groups in age,education level,pregnancy mode,≤37 wk gestation,number of pregnancies,and premature rupture of membranes(P<0.05).Logistic regression showed that age,education level and premature rupture of membranes were all risk factors affecting the adverse outcomes of mothers and infants(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Delivery mode and Apgar score of pregnant women with GDM are related to age.Older age increases the adverse outcome of mothers and infants.
文摘OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to find out the effect of delivery mode on newborn’s cord blood parameters particularly hemoglobin and hematocrite values. SETTING: Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Egypt. DURATION: From April 2015 to December 2017. STUDY DESIGN: A cross sectional study. METHODS: 900 live born neonates for healthy mothers were included in this study;all cases were delivered at full-term, with birth weight ranged from 2.5 to 3.5 Kg and had APGAR scores above 7 at 1 and 5 minutes. Newborns were divided into three groups (Group I included 300 newborns delivered by vaginal delivery without augmentation of labor, Group II included 300 newborns delivered vaginally with augmentation of labor and Group III included 300 newborns delivered by elective cesarean section). Blood sample was collected from the umbilical vein of each neonate for estimation of hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBCs count, platelets, WBCs count and reticulocytes. RESULTS: Cesarean section delivery had a statistically significant decrease in the level of iron-related hematologic indices including hemoglobin, hematocrit and RBCs count (p value < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference among studied groups in reticulocyte count with (P value a positive correlation among newborns cord blood hemoglobin as regard to head circumference, length and gestational age and negative correlations as regard to maternal age, parity and birth weight with no statistically significance (P value > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Cesarean section delivery had a significant decrease in the level of iron-related hematologic indices including hemoglobin, hematocrit and RBCs count and has a non-significant decrease in WBCs and platelets counts in neonatal cord blood, which suggest high prevalence of newborn iron-deficiency anemia among cesarean births particularly in developing communities.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21573040 and 21603029)the Natural Science Foundation and Science and Technology Development Planning of Jilin Province(20150204086GX and20170520148JH)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2412016KJ007 and 2412016KJ020)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2016M600224)the Jilin Provincial Research Foundation for Basic Research(20160519012JH)Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials(Northeast Normal University)
文摘A facile strategy to fabricate gold nanorod@polyacrylic acid/calcium phosphate(Au NR@-PAA/Ca P) yolk–shell nanoparticles(NPs) composed with a PAA/Ca P shell and an Au NR yolk is reported. The asobtained Au NR@PAA/Ca P yolk–shell NPs possess ultrahigh doxorubicin(DOX) loading capability(1 mg DOX/mg NPs), superior photothermal conversion property(26%)and p H/near-infrared(NIR) dual-responsive drug delivery performance. The released DOX continuously increased due to the damage of the Ca P shell at low p H values. When the DOX-loaded Au NR@PAA/Ca P yolk–shell NPs wereexposed to NIR irradiation, a burst-like drug release occurs owing to the heat produced by the Au NRs. Furthermore,Au NR@PAA/Ca P yolk–shell NPs are successfully employed for synergic dual-mode X-ray computed tomography/photoacoustic imaging and chemo-photothermal cancer therapy. Therefore, this work brings new insights for the synthesis of multifunctional nanomaterials and extends theranostic applications.
文摘Objective: Women’s preferences for the mode of delivery provide clues on their knowledge and perceptions of anticipated risk of childbirth complications.?The objective was toinvestigate?incongruence between preferred mode of delivery and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods: Through a cross-sectional study, data were?collected from 327?women admitted to Mulago hospital. Data included socio-demographic?characteristics, past medical, gynaecological and obstetric history, pregnancy complications, knowledge of pregnancy complications and preferred mode of delivery. The preferred mode of delivery and knowledge of related risks for adverse pregnancy outcomes were compared. Results: The mean age of participants was 24.7 years (±5.9), ranging?14?-?43 years, of whom 41.4% were nulliparous. The preferred mode of delivery was vaginal (84.1%). Incongruence?(preference for a mode of delivery that did not correspond to expected or anticipated risks) occurred in 88 (26.9%) of the women, and was associated with having secondary school or higher level of education (OR 2.49, CI 1.52?-?4.08) and history of previous vaginal delivery (OR 3.82,?CI 1.94?-?7.49). Conclusion: One in four women had incongruence between preferred mode of delivery and risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes, which called?for urgent interventions to improve decision-making about intrapartum care.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF), especially observed before term, is considered a sign of fetal jeopardy. Although many studies characterized this condition and associated it with delivery mode, data is lacking in this area, Saudi Arabia. Thus, we attempted to study it. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> All data were retrieved from pregnant patients with MSAF who delivered at King Abdul, Saudi Arabia, from January 2015 to December 2018. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 758 showed MSAF, of which 83% had vaginal delivery, whereas remaining 17% had an emergency caesarean section. Of them, 32 (4.2%) infants developed meconium aspiration syndrome, and 7 (21.8%) were admitted to the NICU. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> It was reconfirmed that MSAF is associated with a newborn risk, especially meconium aspiration syndrome. Patients had a higher rate for emergent caesarean section and baby admission to NICU. These data may be useful to make health/reproductive-health poly-making in this area.</span></span></span></span>
文摘Deep space communication has its own features such as long propagation delays,heavy noise,asymmetric link rates,and intermittent connectivity in space,therefore TCP/IP protocol cannot perform as well as it does in terrestrial communications.Accordingly,the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems(CCSDS) developed CCSDS File Delivery Protocol(CFDP),which sets standards of efficient file delivery service capable of transferring files to and from mass memory located in the space segment.In CFDP,four optional acknowledge modes are supported to make the communication more reliable.In this paper,we gave a general introduction of typical communication process in CFDP and analysis of its four Negative Acknowledgement(NAK) modes on the respect of file delivery delay and times of retransmission.We found out that despite the shortest file delivery delay,immediate NAK mode suffers from the problem that frequent retransmission may probably lead to network congestion.Thus,we proposed a new mode,the error counter-based NAK mode.By simulation of the case focused on the link between a deep space probe on Mars and a ter-restrial station on Earth,we concluded that error counter-based NAK mode has successfully reduced the retransmission times at negligible cost of certain amount of file delivery delay.
文摘In this paper, we conduct research on novel empty core needle transdermal drug delivery mode and the corresponding advantages.Compared with the traditional mode of drug delivery, transdermal drug delivery system advantages obvious drug absorbed from the digestivetract, intestinal factors such as interference, “the first effect” can avoid liver can maintain the stability of the human body blood drugconcentration to increase effectiveness. This paper analyzes the issues from the two aspects. （1） Transdermal Therapeutie System Analysis; （2）Microneedles in Transdermal Drug Delivery. By considering the experimental analysis, we conduct the numerical simulation on the mentionedissues. The experiment result verifi es and refl ects the general properties of the designed methodology that will enhance the overall researchperformance of the related topics.
文摘由于传统淡水鱼池塘养殖存在废物过量堆积、水体污染严重等问题,以及中国对水产品需求的增加,工厂化循环水养殖、集装箱、圈养模式等高质量、高产量、集约化的新型淡水鱼养殖模式逐渐得到应用。针对新型淡水鱼养殖模式存在投饲劳动强度大、自动化程度低等问题,设计了一款气送式自动投饲系统,实现了定向、定时和定量投饲功能。设计了特定的四通装置和三通装置以保证饲料的定向输送;基于计算流体力学和离散单元法(Computational fluid dynamics-Discrete element method,CFD-DEM)耦合技术,初步确定了满足投饲要求的投饲速度并由此确定了风机型号;开发了以Arduino Mega 2560单片机为核心处理器的投饲控制系统,通过时钟模块实时获取当前时间信息,通过称量传感器实时获取料仓内物料质量信息,通过蓝牙传输预计投饲区域、投饲时间和投饲质量,从而实现定向定时定量投饲;最后试制样机并进行了性能试验,两种工况下投饲的实际投饲距离与仿真结果误差分别为5.74%和9.54%,定向、定时和定量投饲可以准确实现,控制系统响应时间小于1 s,定量投饲最大误差为5.37%。研究结果表明,自动投饲系统结构可靠、控制系统精度较高,满足自动投饲要求。
