Crosstalk between degradation and bioenergetics: how autophagy and endolysosomal processes regulate energy production

Cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to adapt to changes in nutrient availability, cellular activity, and transitions in cell states. The balance between glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration is crucial for energy production, and metabolic reprogramming stipulates a shift in such balance to optimize both bioenergetic efficiency and anabolic requirements. Failure in switching bioenergetic dependence can lead to maladaptation and pathogenesis. While cellular degradation is known to recycle precursor molecules for anabolism, its potential role in regulating energy production remains less explored. The bioenergetic switch between glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration involves transcription factors and organelle homeostasis, which are both regulated by the cellular degradation pathways. A growing body of studies has demonstrated that both stem cells and differentiated cells exhibit bioenergetic switch upon perturbations of autophagic activity or endolysosomal processes. Here, we highlighted the current understanding of the interplay between degradation processes, specifically autophagy and endolysosomes, transcription factors, endolysosomal signaling, and mitochondrial homeostasis in shaping cellular bioenergetics. This review aims to summarize the relationship between degradation processes and bioenergetics, providing a foundation for future research to unveil deeper mechanistic insights into bioenergetic regulation.

Overview of in-situ oxygen production technologies for lunar resources

The rich resources and unique environment of the Moon make it an ideal location for human expansion and the utilization of extraterrestrial resources.Oxygen,crucial for supporting human life on the Moon,can be extracted from lunar regolith,which is highly rich in oxygen and contains polymetallic oxides.This oxygen and metal extraction can be achieved using existing metallurgical techniques.Furthermore,the ample reserves of water ice on the Moon offer another means for oxygen production.This paper offers a detailed overview of the leading technologies for achieving oxygen production on the Moon,drawing from an analysis of lunar resources and environmental conditions.It delves into the principles,processes,advantages,and drawbacks of water-ice electrolysis,two-step oxygen production from lunar regolith,and one-step oxygen production from lunar regolith.The two-step methods involve hydrogen reduction,carbothermal reduction,and hydrometallurgy,while the one-step methods encompass fluorination/chlorination,high-temperature decomposition,molten salt electrolysis,and molten regolith electrolysis(MOE).Following a thorough comparison of raw materials,equipment,technology,and economic viability,MOE is identified as the most promising approach for future in-situ oxygen production on the Moon.Considering the corrosion characteristics of molten lunar regolith at high temperatures,along with the Moon's low-gravity environment,the development of inexpensive and stable inert anodes and electrolysis devices that can easily collect oxygen is critical for promoting MOE technology on the Moon.This review significantly contributes to our understanding of in-situ oxygen production technologies on the Moon and supports upcoming lunar exploration initiatives.

Coagulation indices and fibrinogen degradation products as predictive biomarkers for tumor-node-metastasis staging and metastasis in gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a prevalent malignancy with a substantial health burden and high mortality rate,despite advances in prevention,early detection,and treatment.Compared with the global average,Asia,notably China,reports disproportionately high GC incidences.The disease often progresses asymptoma-tically in the early stages,leading to delayed diagnosis and compromised out-comes.Thus,it is crucial to identify early diagnostic biomarkers and enhance treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce mortality.METHODS Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 148 patients with GC treated at the Civil Aviation Shanghai Hospital between December 2022 and December 2023.The associations of coagulation indices-partial thromboplastin time(APTT),prothrombin time(PT),thrombin time(TT),fibrinogen,fibrinogen degradation products(FDP),fasting blood glucose,and D-dimer(D-D)with TNM stage and distant metastasis were examined.RESULTS Prolongation of APTT,PT,and TT was significantly correlated with the GC TNM stage.Hence,abnormal coagulation system activation was closely related to disease progression.Elevated FDP and D-D were significantly associated with distant metastasis in GC(P<0.05),suggesting that increased fibrinolytic activity contributes to increased metastatic risk.CONCLUSION Our Results reveal coagulation indices,FDPs as GC biomarkers,reflecting abnormal coagulation/fibrinolysis,aiding disease progression,metastasis prediction,and helping clinicians assess thrombotic risk for early intervention and personalized treatment plans.

Wi-Fi接收机的高效频率偏移估计电路设计

频率偏移估计能够保证正交频分复用系统中符号间的正交性,是Wi-Fi接收机进行信号处理的重要步骤.针对频率偏移估计电路设计面临的计算精度与资源消耗的权衡难题,设计了一种高效率的频率偏移估计电路.首先,对频率偏移估计数据处理流程进行总体仿真,探究不同数据位宽对估计结果的均方根误差的影响.并对各级中间变量的动态范围进行细粒度划分,确定各级中间变量的合适数据位宽和截断方式,在保证数据精度的同时节约硬件资源.其次,采用一种基于查找表的复数相角计算单元,通过查表和近似计算提高电路性能.通过此方法可以降低逻辑资源消耗超过96.9%,减少95%的执行周期数.最后,通过时分复用设计使粗、精频率偏移估计共享硬件资源,并通过优化流水线结构进一步减少电路的资源消耗、提高数据处理速度.实验结果显示,在信噪比为15 dB时,与粗频率偏移估计电路相比,设计的电路使Wi-Fi接收机误码率降低了约17.94%;与分别进行粗、精频率偏移估计的电路相比,查找表消耗数量降低了71.22%,功耗降低了24.73%,处理所需周期数降低了22.90%.所设计的频率偏移估计电路最终实现了资源消耗和计算精度的优化.

Estimated Ultimate Recovery and Productivity of Deep Shale Gas Horizontal Wells

Pressure control in deep shale gas horizontal wells can reduce the stress sensitivity of hydraulic fractures and improve the estimated ultimate recovery(EUR).In this study,a hydraulic fracture stress sensitivity model is proposed to characterize the effect of pressure drop rate on fracture permeability.Furthermore,a production prediction model is introduced accounting for a non-uniform hydraulic fracture conductivity distribution.The results reveal that increasing the fracture conductivity leads to a rapid daily production increase in the early stages.However,above 0.50 D·cm,a further increase in the fracture conductivity has a limited effect on shale gas production growth.The initial production is lower under pressure-controlled conditions than that under pressure-release.For extended pressure control durations,the cumulative production initially increases and then decreases.For a fracture conductivity of 0.10 D·cm,the increase in production output under controlled-pressure conditions is~35%.For representative deep shale gas wells(Southern Sichuan,China),if the pressure drop rate under controlled-pressure conditions is reduced from 0.19 to 0.04 MPa/d,the EUR increase for 5 years of pressure-controlled production is 41.0 million,with an increase percentage of~29%.

Scalable Ir‑Doped NiFe_(2)O_(4)/TiO_(2) Heterojunction Anode for Decentralized Saline Wastewater Treatment and H_(2) Production

Wastewater electrolysis cells(WECs)for decentralized wastewater treatment/reuse coupled with H_(2) production can reduce the carbon footprint associated with transportation of water,waste,and energy carrier.This study reports Ir-doped NiFe_(2)O_(4)(NFI,~5 at%Ir)spinel layer with TiO_(2) overlayer(NFI/TiO_(2)),as a scalable heterojunction anode for direct electrolysis of wastewater with circumneutral pH in a single-compartment cell.In dilute(0.1 M)NaCl solutions,the NFI/TiO_(2) marks superior activity and selectivity for chlorine evolution reaction,outperforming the benchmark IrO_(2).Robust operation in near-neutral pH was confirmed.Electroanalyses including operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy unveiled crucial roles of TiO_(2) which serves both as the primary site for Cl−chemisorption and a protective layer for NFI as an ohmic contact.Galvanostatic electrolysis of NH4+-laden synthetic wastewater demonstrated that NFI/TiO_(2)not only achieves quasi-stoichiometric NH_(4)^(+)-to-N_(2)conversion,but also enhances H_(2)generation efficiency with minimal competing reactions such as reduction of dissolved oxygen and reactive chlorine.The scaled-up WEC with NFI/TiO_(2)was demonstrated for electrolysis of toilet wastewater.

基于Wi-Fi的多功能家居节能调光系统

随着智能家居行业的快速发展,传统照明系统所存在的智能化水平低和能源消耗大的问题亟需改善。研究设计了一款基于Wi-Fi的多功能家居节能调光系统,系统的主要模块涵盖主控单元、人体红外检测模块、环境检测模块和无线通信模块。通过综合运用传感器技术、嵌入式技术、软件开发技术以及物联网无线通信技术等,实现系统根据环境变化自主调节灯光,并且支持语音控制和通过移动终端远程控制灯光,有效提升了家居照明的智能化程度,提高了节能效率。

Rising above:exploring the therapeutic potential of natural product-based compounds in human cancer treatment

Tumors,due to their diversity and heterogeneity,pose a significant threat to human health.Multidrug resistance is a prevalent and grave issue in clinical treatment,resulting in treatment failure and cancer recurrence.This resistance renders conventional drug therapies ineffective,presenting a substantial challenge to human health and medical care.Exploring natural products as potential sources for anti-cancer drugs could lead to the development of innovative and efficacious cancer treatments.This article aims to investigate the health implications of natural products(such as paclitaxel,podophyllotoxin,homoharringtonine,camptothecin,and vinblastine)in the discovery of anti-cancer drugs while discussing the methods and progress made in researching novel anti-cancer drugs derived from natural products.The paper discusses the diversity,intricate structures,and target affinity of natural products along with their structural modification techniques,combination therapies utilization possibilities with prodrugs or nanoparticles.Additionally,considering the escalating multidrug resistance observed in tumors nowadays;certain natural products offer new insights and approaches for discovering effective anti-tumor drugs that are crucial for addressing global public health challenges.The challenges faced by natural products during drug development including issues related to bioavailability toxicity concerns as well as limited resources are examined thoroughly.Potential opportunities current issues along with future challenges are highlighted aiming at facilitating the clinical translation of original anti-cancer drugs using natural products.

Brand Early Promotion Program for Fresh Agricultural Product"Longxuhuang"

This study focuses on"Longxuhuang",a fresh agricultural product from Longtian Town in Longmen County.By establishing the objectives of brand promotion and analyzing the appropriate promotional channels,we aim to effectively position the brand,cultivate a promotional atmosphere,identify suitable channels for promotion,anticipate potential risks,and propose corresponding countermeasures.Additionally,we assess the effectiveness of the promotional strategies employed.The findings of this research will contribute to the brand promotion of enterprises and offer insights for the brand promotion of agricultural products in other regions.

Optimization of production well patterns for natural gas hydrate reservoir: Referring to the results from production tests and numerical simulations

Natural gas hydrate is a clean energy source with substantial resource potential.In contrast to conventional oil and gas,natural gas hydrate exists as a multi-phase system consisting of solids,liquids,and gases,which presents unique challenges and complicates the mechanisms of seepage and exploitation.Both domestic and international natural gas hydrate production tests typically employ a single-well production model.Although this approach has seen some success,it continues to be hindered by low production rates and short production cycles.Therefore,there is an urgent need to explore a new well network to significantly increase the production of a single well.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in natural gas hydrate research,including both laboratory studies and field tests.It further examines the gas production processes and development outcomes for single wells,dual wells,multi-branch wells,and multi-well systems under conditions of depressurization,thermal injection,and CO_(2) replacement.On this basis,well types and well networks suitable for commercial exploitation of natural gas hydrate were explored,and the technical direction of natural gas hydrate development was proposed.The study shows that fully exploiting the flexibility of complex structural wells and designing a well network compatible with the reservoir is the key to improving production from a single well.Moreover,multi-well joint exploitation is identified as an effective strategy for achieving large-scale,efficient development of natural gas hydrate.

Spatiotemporal variation and driving factors of vegetation net primary productivity in the Guan-zhong Plain Urban Agglomeration,China from 2001 to 2020

Studying the spatiotemporal variation and driving mechanisms of vegetation net primary productivity(NPP)in the Guanzhong Plain Urban Agglomeration(GPUA)of China is highly important for regional green and low-carbon development.This study used the Theil-Sen trend analysis,Mann-Kendall trend test,coefficient of variation,Hurst index,and machine learning method(eXtreme Gradient Boosting and SHapley Additive exPlanations(XGBoost-SHAP))to analyze the spatiotemporal variation of NPP in the GPUA from 2001 to 2020 and reveal its response to climate change and human activities.The results found that during 2001-2020,the averageNPP in the GPUA showed a significant upward trend,with an annual growth rate of 10.84 g C/(m^(2)•a).The multi-year average NPP in the GPUA was 484.83 g C/(m^(2)•a),with higher values in the southwestern Qinling Mountains and lower values in the central and northeastern cropland and built-up areas.The average coefficient of variation of NPP in the GPUA was 0.14,indicating a relatively stable state overall,but 72.72%of the study area showed weak anti-persistence,suggesting that NPP in most areas may have declined in the short term.According to XGBoost-SHAP analyses,elevation,land use type and precipitation were identified as the main driving factors of NPP.Appropriate precipitation and higher temperatures promote NPP growth,whereas extreme climates,high population density,and nighttime lighting inhibit NPP.This study has important theoretical and practical significance for achieving regional sustainable development,offers a scientific basis for formulating effective ecological protection and restoration strategies,and promotes green,coordinated,and sustainable development in the GPUA.

Light Use Efficiency Model Based on Chlorophyll Content Better Captures Seasonal Gross Primary Production Dynamics of Deciduous Broadleaf Forests

Gross primary production(GPP)is a crucial indicator representing the absorption of atmospheric CO_(2) by vegetation.At present,the estimation of GPP by remote sensing is mainly based on leaf-related vegetation indexes and leaf-related biophysical para-meter leaf area index(LAI),which are not completely synchronized in seasonality with GPP.In this study,we proposed chlorophyll content-based light use efficiency model(CC-LUE)to improve GPP estimates,as chlorophyll is the direct site of photosynthesis,and only the light absorbed by chlorophyll is used in the photosynthetic process.The CC-LUE model is constructed by establishing a linear correlation between satellite-derived canopy chlorophyll content(Chlcanopy)and FPAR.This method was calibrated and validated utiliz-ing 7-d averaged in-situ GPP data from 14 eddy covariance flux towers covering deciduous broadleaf forest ecosystems across five dif-ferent climate zones.Results showed a relatively robust seasonal consistency between Chlcanopy with GPP in deciduous broadleaf forests under different climatic conditions.The CC-LUE model explained 88% of the in-situ GPP seasonality for all validation site-year and 56.0% of in-situ GPP variations through the growing season,outperforming the three widely used LUE models(MODIS-GPP algorithm,Vegetation Photosynthesis Model(VPM),and the eddy covariance-light use efficiency model(EC-LUE)).Additionally,the CC-LUE model(RMSE=0.50 g C/(m^(2)·d))significantly improved the underestimation of GPP during the growing season in semi-arid region,re-markably decreasing the root mean square error of averaged growing season GPP simulation and in-situ GPP by 75.4%,73.4%,and 37.5%,compared with MOD17(RMSE=2.03 g C/(m^(2)·d)),VPM(RMSE=1.88 g C/(m^(2)·d)),and EC-LUE(RMSE=0.80 g C/(m^(2)·d))model.The chlorophyll-based method proved superior in capturing the seasonal variations of GPP in forest ecosystems,thereby provid-ing the possibility of a more precise depiction of forest seasonal carbon uptake.

Distributions and risk assessment of heavy metals in solid waste in lead-zinc mining areas and across the soil, water body, sediment and agricultural product ecosystem in their surrounding areas

To identify the root causes of heavy metal contamination in soils as well as prevent and control such contamination from its sources,this study explored the accumulation patterns and ecological risks of heavy metals like Cd and Pb in solid waste in mining areas and across the water body,sediment,soil and agricultural product ecosystem surrounding the mining areas.Focusing on the residual solid waste samples in lead-zinc deposits in a certain area of Guizhou Province,along with samples of topsoils,irrigation water,river sediments,and crops from surrounding areas.This study analyzed the distributions of eight heavy metals,i.e.,Cd,As,Cr,Hg,Pb,Zn,Cu,and Ni,in the samples through field surveys and sample tests.Furthermore,this study assessed the contamination levels and ecological risks of heavy metals in soils,sediments,and agricultural products using methods such as the single-factor index,Nemerow composite index,and potential ecological risk assessment.The results indicate that heavy metals in the solid waste samples all exhibited concentrations exceeding their risk screening values,with 60%greater than their risk intervention values.The soils and sediments demonstrate slight and moderate comprehensive ecological risks of heavy metals.The single-factor potential ecological risks of heavy metals in both the soil and sediment samples decreased in the order of Hg,Cd,Pb,As,Cu,Zn,Cr,and Ni,suggesting the same sources of heavy metals in the soils and sediments.Most of the agricultural product samples exhibited over-limit concentrations of heavy metals dominated by Cd,Pb,Ni,and Cr,excluding Hg and As.The agricultural product assessment using the Nemerow composite index reveals that 35%of the agricultural product samples reached the heavy metal contamination level,implying that the agricultural products from farmland around the solid waste dumps have been contaminated with heavy metals.The eight heavy metals in the soil,sediment,and agricultural product samples manifested high coefficients of variation(CVs),indicating pronounced spatial variability.This suggests that their concentrations in soils,sediments,and agricultural products are significantly influenced by human mining activities.Additionally,the agricultural products exhibit strong transport and accumulation capacities for Cd,Cu,and Zn.

一种Wi-Fi RTT/数据驱动惯性导航行人室内定位方法

为了研究基于智能手机的行人室内定位方法,并提高其精度,本文提出了一种基于Wi-Fi往返时间(RTT)、惯性测量单元(IMU)的定位系统。该方法主要包括3部分:(1)使用扩展卡尔曼滤波融合测距信息的Wi-Fi RTT室内定位方法;(2)适用于多手机使用模式的航位推算方法,该方法基于长短时记忆模型(LSTM)建立神经网络模型,预测行人运动速度及航向;(3)基于误差状态卡尔曼滤波的Wi-Fi RTT/数据驱动惯性导航融合定位方法,进一步提高定位精度。试验结果表明,与单一的基于Wi-Fi RTT方法和数据驱动惯性导航方法相比,本文方法的平均定位精度提升了10%~20%。

基于Wi-Fi指纹且计算外包的室内定位隐私保护方案

为了解决室内定位中用户和服务器双方的隐私保护问题,提出了一种在使用Paillier加密的过程中将部分计算外包给云服务器的方案,这不仅保护了用户和定位服务器的隐私,而且避免了产生过大的计算和通信开销。该方案的主要思想是服务器先在离线阶段建立指纹数据库,在线阶段用户将k匿名算法和Paillier加密结合,将加密后的Wi-Fi指纹发送给定位服务器,服务器对接收到的Wi-Fi指纹和数据库指纹进行聚合处理,然后外包给云服务器进行解密和距离计算,最终得到定位结果。理论分析和实验结果表明了所提方案的安全性、有效性和实用性。

基于Wi-Fi感知的多用户身份识别研究

随着无线感知技术的发展,基于Wi-Fi的身份识别研究在人机交互和家居安防等领域备受关注。尽管基于Wi-Fi信号的身份识别已经取得了初步的成功,但是目前主要适用于用户独立行为场景,并发行为下的多用户身份识别仍然面临着一系列挑战,包括用户之间的相互干扰以及模型鲁棒性差等问题。因此,提出了一种并发行为下多用户身份识别系统Wiblack,其核心思想是训练一个多分支深度神经网络(Wiblack-Net)来提取每个单用户的独特特征。首先,利用主干网络提取多用户之间的共同特征;然后,为每个用户分配一个二分类器以此判断给定群体中是否存在目标用户,在此基础上基于并发行为实现多个用户身份识别。此外,将Wiblack与多个独立的二分类模型和单个多分类模型进行对比实验,对运行效率和系统性能进行分析。实验结果显示,在同时识别3个用户身份时,Wibalck平均准确率达到了92.97%,平均精确度为93.71%,平均召回率为93.24%,平均F1值为92.43%。

基于Wi-Fi信号感知技术的图书馆特殊群体服务研究

特殊群体是图书馆用户的重要组成部分,采用数字技术帮助特殊群体享受均等化的公共文化服务,是无障碍图书馆建设的重要部分。文章在介绍面向人机物融合的Wi-Fi信号感知技术的基础上,梳理了其在图书馆特殊群体服务中的具体应用场景。Wi-Fi信号感知技术在图书馆特殊群体服务中具有很好的应用价值,但也存在一些弊端和问题需要进一步优化和解决,在多种技术的加持下突破服务壁垒,提高服务质量。

融合安全的广电5G公共Wi-Fi技术探索

本文针对公共场所Wi-Fi网络接入方式存在的安全及法律风险,提出利用广电5G CPE,结合Wi-Fi Portal认证、5G专网和VXLAN隧道等技术,构造一种融合安全的广电5G公共Wi-Fi接入网络,旨在探索出一种较低成本的安全的5G公共Wi-Fi接入解决方案。

Wi-Fi RTT/RSS混合定位CRLB推导与最优节点布局设计

基于精细时间测量协议(FTM)的Wi-Fi RTT定位是目前领域内的研究热点,但其定位算法性能的评估手段较为单一且缺乏理论基础,Wi-Fi接入点(AP)布局对于定位精度的影响也尚未深入研究。本文以智能手机Wi-Fi FTM为研究对象,推导了基于Wi-Fi RTT/RSS混合定位方法的克拉美罗下界(CRLB),阐明了单一定位与混合定位方法CRLB的理论关系,为算法性能评估确立了理论依据;研究了Wi-Fi AP布局对RTT/RSS混合定位精度的影响,以增强遗传算法(EGA)和CRLB为基础,设计了Wi-Fi RTT/RSS混合定位的最优节点布局方案。研究表明,Wi-Fi RSS/RTT混合定位可作为高效的FTM定位方法,提出的基于EGA和CRLB的最优节点布局方法能快速给出定位区域内的最优AP布局方案。试验结果表明,在最优节点布局下(7个Wi-Fi节点),Wi-Fi RSS、RTT和RSS/RTT混合定位在本文试验环境的理论精度分别为0.92、1.07和0.61 m。研究结果可为Wi-Fi FTM定位算法性能评估提供理论支持,也能为合理布设Wi-Fi节点、减少定位成本投入提供可行方案。

同步多链路Wi-Fi网络基于DDQN的资源分配和优化

针对同步多链路Wi-Fi网络资源分配复杂度高并且难以同时优化系统吞吐量和传输时延以提升网络性能的问题,提出了一种基于双重深度Q网络(double deep Q network,DDQN)的Wi-Fi网络同步多链路资源分配和优化算法。将各个链路信道划分为多种不同规格的资源块(resource unit,RU)组合,利用DDQN进行RU组合选取,结合KM(Kuhn-Munkres)算法为设备分配RU,从而降低资源分配复杂度;针对网络性能提升问题,将满意度定义为吞吐量和时延的函数,联合优化资源分配和传输时长,以提升满意度,从而提升系统吞吐量、降低传输时延。在饱和业务流量及低负载流量模型下进行仿真分析,结果表明,所提算法具有较好的收敛性能,并且在提升满意度和系统吞吐量、降低传输时延方面优于对比算法。