一种Wi-Fi RTT/数据驱动惯性导航行人室内定位方法

为了研究基于智能手机的行人室内定位方法,并提高其精度,本文提出了一种基于Wi-Fi往返时间(RTT)、惯性测量单元(IMU)的定位系统。该方法主要包括3部分:(1)使用扩展卡尔曼滤波融合测距信息的Wi-Fi RTT室内定位方法;(2)适用于多手机使用模式的航位推算方法,该方法基于长短时记忆模型(LSTM)建立神经网络模型,预测行人运动速度及航向;(3)基于误差状态卡尔曼滤波的Wi-Fi RTT/数据驱动惯性导航融合定位方法,进一步提高定位精度。试验结果表明,与单一的基于Wi-Fi RTT方法和数据驱动惯性导航方法相比,本文方法的平均定位精度提升了10%~20%。

基于Wi-Fi指纹且计算外包的室内定位隐私保护方案

为了解决室内定位中用户和服务器双方的隐私保护问题,提出了一种在使用Paillier加密的过程中将部分计算外包给云服务器的方案,这不仅保护了用户和定位服务器的隐私,而且避免了产生过大的计算和通信开销。该方案的主要思想是服务器先在离线阶段建立指纹数据库,在线阶段用户将k匿名算法和Paillier加密结合,将加密后的Wi-Fi指纹发送给定位服务器,服务器对接收到的Wi-Fi指纹和数据库指纹进行聚合处理,然后外包给云服务器进行解密和距离计算,最终得到定位结果。理论分析和实验结果表明了所提方案的安全性、有效性和实用性。

基于Wi-Fi感知的多用户身份识别研究

随着无线感知技术的发展,基于Wi-Fi的身份识别研究在人机交互和家居安防等领域备受关注。尽管基于Wi-Fi信号的身份识别已经取得了初步的成功,但是目前主要适用于用户独立行为场景,并发行为下的多用户身份识别仍然面临着一系列挑战,包括用户之间的相互干扰以及模型鲁棒性差等问题。因此,提出了一种并发行为下多用户身份识别系统Wiblack,其核心思想是训练一个多分支深度神经网络(Wiblack-Net)来提取每个单用户的独特特征。首先,利用主干网络提取多用户之间的共同特征;然后,为每个用户分配一个二分类器以此判断给定群体中是否存在目标用户,在此基础上基于并发行为实现多个用户身份识别。此外,将Wiblack与多个独立的二分类模型和单个多分类模型进行对比实验,对运行效率和系统性能进行分析。实验结果显示,在同时识别3个用户身份时,Wibalck平均准确率达到了92.97%,平均精确度为93.71%,平均召回率为93.24%,平均F1值为92.43%。

基于Wi-Fi的医疗设备物联网采集装置设计

为解决医疗设备运行数据、故障数据的采集,设计一种基于无线网络Wi-Fi的医疗设备物联网采集装置。该采集装置的设计基于STM32F407的32位微控制器与ESP8266无线模组集成的,通过Wi-Fi进行通讯的物联网数据采集装置。通过该采集装置,在配置波特率后,能够实现通过串口等数据接口读取医疗设备的运行数据,并通过无线模组进行配网,连接到楼层网络无线接入点(AP)后,实现与物联网平台服务器的数据交互,达到对医疗设备的动态管理。装配应用该采集装置,可实现在物联网平台软件对呼吸机、高频电刀、监护仪、血液透析机等设备的数据采集应用,解决无法实现无线通讯的医疗设备的数据通讯问题,在获取通讯协议的前提下,可适配于较多该类型医疗设备的数据采集及数据发送功能,实现医院对该类型医疗设备的动态管理。

基于Wi-Fi信道状态信息的坐姿监测方法

[目的]针对现有的坐姿监测方法存在的接触式、隐私性低、成本高、部署不方便等问题对坐姿监测方法进行研究.[方法]提出基于Wi-Fi信道状态信息的坐姿监测方法.该方法在不同坐姿下采集商用路由器的Wi-Fi信道状态信息,结合卷积神经网络和长短期记忆神经网络建立坐姿分类模型,融合采样窗口内信道状态信息的幅值和相位数据,并充分提取数据的空间和时间特征,提高坐姿分类精度.在对原始相位数据进行预处理时,提出了近邻子载波差值阈值补偿方法,有效地解决了不同子载波的相位旋绕不同步的问题.[结果]搭建坐姿监测环境,对办公或学习场景下的5种常见坐姿进行分类.实验证明,该坐姿监测方法对坐姿分类有较高的准确率,对所有坐姿分类的平均准确率达到91.23%.[结论]本文提出的基于Wi-Fi信道状态信息的坐姿监测方法,具有非接触式、隐私性高、成本低、部署方便等特点,且对坐姿分类准确率高,在坐姿监测系统的研究上具有一定的实用价值.

Safety and effectiveness of butorphanol in epidural labor analgesia:A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Epidural analgesia is the most effective analgesic method during labor.Butorphanol administered epidurally has been shown to be a successful analgesic method during labor.However,no comprehensive study has examined the safety and efficacy of using butorphanol as an epidural analgesic during labor.AIM To assess butorphanol's safety and efficacy for epidural labor analgesia.METHODS The PubMed,Cochrane Library,EMBASE,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and Google Scholar databases will be searched from inception.Other types of literature,such as conference abstracts and references to pertinent reviews,will also be reviewed.We will include randomized controlled trials comparing butorphanol with other opioids combined with local anesthetics for epidural analgesia during labor.There will be no language restrictions.The primary outcomes will include the visual analog scale score for the first stage of labor,fetal effects,and Apgar score.Two independent reviewers will evaluate the full texts,extract data,and assess the risk of bias.Publication bias will be evaluated using Egger's or Begg's tests as well as visual analysis of a funnel plot,and heterogeneity will be evaluated using the Cochran Q test,P values,and I2 values.Meta-analysis,subgroup analysis,and sensitivity analysis will be performed using RevMan software version 5.4.This protocol was developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)Protocols statement,and the PRISMA statement will be used for the systematic review.RESULTS This study provides reliable information regarding the safety and efficacy of using butorphanol as an epidural analgesic during labor.CONCLUSION To support clinical practice and development,this study provides evidence-based findings regarding the safety and efficacy of using butorphanol as an epidural analgesic during labor.

基于Wi-Fi Sensing的无感检测技术

随着智能家居的推广普及,对于移动物体的行为感知成为热点技术。相比于传统的信息检测技术,新型的基于Wi-Fi信号的设备无关被动入侵检测,能够在无需用户做任何干预也不影响人员隐私安全的情况下实现对于行为的检测判断,这和使用摄像头或红外检测形成显著差异,成为研究热点。该文基于Wi-Fi芯片平台采集物理层信道状态信息,构建与移动载体信息相关的检测模型,结合大数据分析和智能算法,给出相关的实现方案,并基于实验验证实现从无线信道中捕捉波形特征,验证方案的有效性,结合结果分析也为后续精度的进一步提升提供改进方向。

基于通感一体化的Wi-Fi卸载匹配算法

针对目前移动数据流量激增所导致的通感一体化无线通信网络系统中的拥塞和过载问题,提出一种基于通感一体化的Wi-Fi卸载匹配算法。首先,基于信息论综合考虑系统的通信吞吐量和感知互信息量,定义系统的效用函数,在满足用户QoS的同时最大化系统的总效用;其次,基于图论的思想建立Wi-Fi信道分配算法为每个Wi-Fi接入点分配信道,并将用户的接入选择问题建立为具有外部性的多对一匹配博弈模型。仿真结果表明,所设计的卸载策略能够提高系统的总效用,缓解基站处的数据压力。

Cell replacement with stem cell-derived retinal ganglion cells from different protocols

Glaucoma,characterized by a degenerative loss of retinal ganglion cells,is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide.There is currently no cure for vision loss in glaucoma because retinal ganglion cells do not regenerate and are not replaced after injury.Human stem cell-derived retinal ganglion cell transplant is a potential therapeutic strategy for retinal ganglion cell degenerative diseases.In this review,we first discuss a 2D protocol for retinal ganglion cell differentiation from human stem cell culture,including a rapid protocol that can generate retinal ganglion cells in less than two weeks and focus on their transplantation outcomes.Next,we discuss using 3D retinal organoids for retinal ganglion cell transplantation,comparing cell suspensions and clusters.This review provides insight into current knowledge on human stem cell-derived retinal ganglion cell differentiation and transplantation,with an impact on the field of regenerative medicine and especially retinal ganglion cell degenerative diseases such as glaucoma and other optic neuropathies.

Corneal collagen cross-linking in patients with keratoconus from the Dresden protocol to customized solutions:theoretical basis

Keratoconus is an ectatic condition characterized by gradual corneal thinning,corneal protrusion,progressive irregular astigmatism,corneal fibrosis,and visual impairment.The therapeutic options regarding improvement of visual function include glasses or soft contact lenses correction for initial stages,gas-permeable rigid contact lenses,scleral lenses,implantation of intrastromal corneal ring or corneal transplants for most advanced stages.In keratoconus cases showing disease progression corneal collagen crosslinking(CXL)has been proven to be an effective,minimally invasive and safe procedure.CXL consists of a photochemical reaction of corneal collagen by riboflavin stimulation with ultraviolet A radiation,resulting in stromal crosslinks formation.The aim of this review is to carry out an examination of CXL methods based on theoretical basis and mathematical models,from the original Dresden protocol to the most recent developments in the technique,reporting the changes proposed in the last 15y and examining the advantages and disadvantages of the various treatment protocols.Finally,the limits of non-standardized methods and the perspectives offered by a customization of the treatment are highlighted.

基于Wi-Fi定位技术的建筑使用者动态信息研究

合理的能耗运营管理是建筑节能的有效途径。由于大型公共建筑内部人员动态信息收集难度大,目前大部分建筑节能策略采取约束室内人员行为的方法,其操作程序复杂、节能效率低下。因此,借助Wi-Fi定位技术提出一种精度高、经济性好的室内定位方法,实时收集建筑使用者的实际位置和行动,掌握使用者的基本行动规律,为开展更具科学性的能耗管理与优化奠定基础。

Designing Proportional-Integral Consensus Protocols for Second-Order Multi-Agent Systems Using Delayed and Memorized State Information

This paper is concerned with consensus of a secondorder linear time-invariant multi-agent system in the situation that there exists a communication delay among the agents in the network.A proportional-integral consensus protocol is designed by using delayed and memorized state information.Under the proportional-integral consensus protocol,the consensus problem of the multi-agent system is transformed into the problem of asymptotic stability of the corresponding linear time-invariant time-delay system.Note that the location of the eigenvalues of the corresponding characteristic function of the linear time-invariant time-delay system not only determines the stability of the system,but also plays a critical role in the dynamic performance of the system.In this paper,based on recent results on the distribution of roots of quasi-polynomials,several necessary conditions for Hurwitz stability for a class of quasi-polynomials are first derived.Then allowable regions of consensus protocol parameters are estimated.Some necessary and sufficient conditions for determining effective protocol parameters are provided.The designed protocol can achieve consensus and improve the dynamic performance of the second-order multi-agent system.Moreover,the effects of delays on consensus of systems of harmonic oscillators/double integrators under proportional-integral consensus protocols are investigated.Furthermore,some results on proportional-integral consensus are derived for a class of high-order linear time-invariant multi-agent systems.

A Formal Model for Analyzing Fair Exchange Protocols Based on Event Logic

Fair exchange protocols play a critical role in enabling two distrustful entities to conduct electronic data exchanges in a fair and secure manner.These protocols are widely used in electronic payment systems and electronic contract signing,ensuring the reliability and security of network transactions.In order to address the limitations of current research methods and enhance the analytical capabilities for fair exchange protocols,this paper proposes a formal model for analyzing such protocols.The proposed model begins with a thorough analysis of fair exchange protocols,followed by the formal definition of fairness.This definition accurately captures the inherent requirements of fair exchange protocols.Building upon event logic,the model incorporates the time factor into predicates and introduces knowledge set axioms.This enhancement empowers the improved logic to effectively describe the state and knowledge of protocol participants at different time points,facilitating reasoning about their acquired knowledge.To maximize the intruder’s capabilities,channel errors are translated into the behaviors of the intruder.The participants are further categorized into honest participants and malicious participants,enabling a comprehensive evaluation of the intruder’s potential impact.By employing a typical fair exchange protocol as an illustrative example,this paper demonstrates the detailed steps of utilizing the proposed model for protocol analysis.The entire process of protocol execution under attack scenarios is presented,shedding light on the underlying reasons for the attacks and proposing corresponding countermeasures.The developedmodel enhances the ability to reason about and evaluate the security properties of fair exchange protocols,thereby contributing to the advancement of secure network transactions.

Falcon Optimization Algorithm-Based Energy Efficient Communication Protocol for Cluster-Based Vehicular Networks

Rapid development in Information Technology(IT)has allowed several novel application regions like large outdoor vehicular networks for Vehicle-to-Vehicle(V2V)transmission.Vehicular networks give a safe and more effective driving experience by presenting time-sensitive and location-aware data.The communication occurs directly between V2V and Base Station(BS)units such as the Road Side Unit(RSU),named as a Vehicle to Infrastructure(V2I).However,the frequent topology alterations in VANETs generate several problems with data transmission as the vehicle velocity differs with time.Therefore,the scheme of an effectual routing protocol for reliable and stable communications is significant.Current research demonstrates that clustering is an intelligent method for effectual routing in a mobile environment.Therefore,this article presents a Falcon Optimization Algorithm-based Energy Efficient Communication Protocol for Cluster-based Routing(FOA-EECPCR)technique in VANETS.The FOA-EECPCR technique intends to group the vehicles and determine the shortest route in the VANET.To accomplish this,the FOA-EECPCR technique initially clusters the vehicles using FOA with fitness functions comprising energy,distance,and trust level.For the routing process,the Sparrow Search Algorithm(SSA)is derived with a fitness function that encompasses two variables,namely,energy and distance.A series of experiments have been conducted to exhibit the enhanced performance of the FOA-EECPCR method.The experimental outcomes demonstrate the enhanced performance of the FOA-EECPCR approach over other current methods.

不依赖位置坐标的室内Wi-Fi网络覆盖度量方法

3GPP在版本16(R16,Release 16)中升级了最小化路测(MDT,minimization of drive test)技术,提出移动终端可利用4G/5G网络自主上报Wi-Fi信号的接收信号强度指示(RSSI,received signal strength indicator),为运营商度量Wi-Fi网络的覆盖率带来了可能性。然而,现有基于MDT技术的网络覆盖度量方法严重依赖GPS提供的位置坐标,但全球定位系统(GPS,global positioning system)不能提供室内精准定位,无法用于室内Wi-Fi网络的覆盖度量。为此,提出了一种不依赖位置坐标的RSSI聚类方法,充分利用室内相近位置RSSI的统计相似性,区分不同位置的RSSI测量差异,在无位置坐标条件下准确估计出室内Wi-Fi网络的覆盖率。实验结果表明,所提方法估计的覆盖率与基于真实位置坐标测量的覆盖率相近,度量准确度明显优于现有的其他方法。

Hyperbolic Tangent Function-Based Protocols for Global/Semi-Global Finite-Time Consensus of Multi-Agent Systems

This paper investigates the problem of global/semi-global finite-time consensus for integrator-type multi-agent sys-tems.New hyperbolic tangent function-based protocols are pro-posed to achieve global and semi-global finite-time consensus for both single-integrator and double-integrator multi-agent systems with leaderless undirected and leader-following directed commu-nication topologies.These new protocols not only provide an explicit upper-bound estimate for the settling time,but also have a user-prescribed bounded control level.In addition,compared to some existing results based on the saturation function,the pro-posed approach considerably simplifies the protocol design and the stability analysis.Illustrative examples and an application demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed protocols.

Protocol for lower back pain management: Insights from the French healthcare system

In this editorial we comment on the article published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Cases.This article described a novel ultrasound-guided lateral recess block approach in treating a patient with lateral recess stenosis.The impact of spinal pain-related disability extends significantly,causing substantial human suffering and medical costs.Each county has its preferred treatment strategies for spinal pain.Here,we explore the lower back pain(LBP)treatment algorithm recommended in France.The treatment algorithm for LBP recommended by the French National Authority for Health emphasizes early patient activity and minimal medication use.It encourages the continuation of daily activities,limits excessive medication and spinal injections,and incorporates psychological assessments and non-pharmacological therapies for chronic cases.However,the algorithm may not aggressively address acute pain in the early stages,potentially delaying relief and increasing the risk of chronicity.Additionally,the recommended infiltrations primarily involve caudal epidural steroid injections,with limited consideration for other injection procedures,such as transforaminal or interlaminar epidural steroid injections.The fixed follow-up timeline may not accommodate patients who do not respond to initial treatment or experience intense pain,potentially delaying the exploration of alternative therapies.Despite these limitations,understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the French approach could inform adaptations in LBP treatment strategies globally,potentially enhancing patient outcomes and satisfaction across diverse healthcare systems.

A Multi-Token Sector Antenna Neighbor Discovery Protocol for Directional Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper,we propose a Multi-token Sector Antenna Neighbor Discovery(M-SAND)protocol to enhance the efficiency of neighbor discovery in asynchronous directional ad hoc networks.The central concept of our work involves maintaining multiple tokens across the network.To prevent mutual interference among multi-token holders,we introduce the time and space non-interference theorems.Furthermore,we propose a master-slave strategy between tokens.When the master token holder(MTH)performs the neighbor discovery,it decides which 1-hop neighbor is the next MTH and which 2-hop neighbors can be the new slave token holders(STHs).Using this approach,the MTH and multiple STHs can simultaneously discover their neighbors without causing interference with each other.Building on this foundation,we provide a comprehensive procedure for the M-SAND protocol.We also conduct theoretical analyses on the maximum number of STHs and the lower bound of multi-token generation probability.Finally,simulation results demonstrate the time efficiency of the M-SAND protocol.When compared to the QSAND protocol,which uses only one token,the total neighbor discovery time is reduced by 28% when 6beams and 112 nodes are employed.

Multidomain Correlation-Based Multidimensional CSI Tensor Generation for Device-FreeWi-Fi Sensing

Due to the fine-grained communication scenarios characterization and stability,Wi-Fi channel state information(CSI)has been increasingly applied to indoor sensing tasks recently.Although spatial variations are explicitlyreflected in CSI measurements,the representation differences caused by small contextual changes are easilysubmerged in the fluctuations of multipath effects,especially in device-free Wi-Fi sensing.Most existing datasolutions cannot fully exploit the temporal,spatial,and frequency information carried by CSI,which results ininsufficient sensing resolution for indoor scenario changes.As a result,the well-liked machine learning(ML)-based CSI sensing models still struggling with stable performance.This paper formulates a time-frequency matrixon the premise of demonstrating that the CSI has low-rank potential and then proposes a distributed factorizationalgorithm to effectively separate the stable structured information and context fluctuations in the CSI matrix.Finally,a multidimensional tensor is generated by combining the time-frequency gradients of CSI,which containsrich and fine-grained real-time contextual information.Extensive evaluations and case studies highlight thesuperiority of the proposal.

Distributed Fault Estimation for Nonlinear Systems With Sensor Saturation and Deception Attacks Using Stochastic Communication Protocols

This paper is aimed at the distributed fault estimation issue associated with the potential loss of actuator efficiency for a type of discrete-time nonlinear systems with sensor saturation.For the distributed estimation structure under consideration,an estimation center is not necessary,and the estimator derives its information from itself and neighboring nodes,which fuses the state vector and the measurement vector.In an effort to cut down data conflicts in communication networks,the stochastic communication protocol(SCP)is employed so that the output signals from sensors can be selected.Additionally,a recursive security estimator scheme is created since attackers randomly inject malicious signals into the selected data.On this basis,sufficient conditions for a fault estimator with less conservatism are presented which ensure an upper bound of the estimation error covariance and the mean-square exponential boundedness of the estimating error.Finally,a numerical example is used to show the reliability and effectiveness of the considered distributed estimation algorithm.