The design and construction of houses normally require an architect＇s input. However, architects are increasingly being marginalized in these projects, and their roles are constantly being invaded by others. Despite ...The design and construction of houses normally require an architect＇s input. However, architects are increasingly being marginalized in these projects, and their roles are constantly being invaded by others. Despite repeated institutional interventions toward remedying this phenomenon, signs are not abating. This article examines the complexity of this phenomenon to explain the inadequacy of institutional interventions to address the problem. This article conceptualizes the phenomenon of marginalization and role invasion as a super wicked problem with six key features. First, the problem has a difficult definition. Second, the solution involves a large structural and economic burden. Third, time is of the essence. Fourth, multiple stakeholders attempting to solve the problem are part of the cause. Fifth, institutional interventions addressing the issue are weak or ill-equipped. Sixth, institutional interventions discount the future irrationally. The implications of this conceptualization for institutional intervention and research are discussed.展开更多
With the increase of social complexity and uncertainty,wicked problems have become the hot and difcult issues in the frontier research of public policy.The concept of wicked problems was proposed in the 1960s.Since th...With the increase of social complexity and uncertainty,wicked problems have become the hot and difcult issues in the frontier research of public policy.The concept of wicked problems was proposed in the 1960s.Since then,it has gradually spread to many disciplines,such as environment,urban planning,public policy,etc.A comprehensive understanding of the research progress of the transdisciplinary method is an important way to understand wicked problems.This paper uses Citespace5.5,based on bibliometrics and visual analysis techniques,to analyze 800 academic publications related to wicked problems and visually display the transdisciplinarity knowledge map and information panorama of wicked problems.Through a multi-level descriptive analysis of key literature,research origin,research hotspots and trend of the research on wicked problems,this paper fnds out the law of knowledge growth and internal evolution logic of the research on wicked problems,and concludes that the transdisciplinarity research of wicked problems is forming,which shows the rule from knowledge difusion(single discipline)to knowledge coherence(transdisciplinarity).The discipline of public policy has the potential to change the knowledge constraints of a single discipline and may ofer transdisciplinarity approaches to wicked problems.展开更多
Purpose:Making policy makers,researcher,education leaders,and assessment developers aware that what matters in education assessment is a wicked problem that cannot be easily solved following traditional approaches.Des...Purpose:Making policy makers,researcher,education leaders,and assessment developers aware that what matters in education assessment is a wicked problem that cannot be easily solved following traditional approaches.Design/Approach/Methods:Starting from the questions that what matters in education assessment,this article presented such questions as a wicked problem because there is no consensus,not right or wrong answer,and certain solutions may lead to side effects on students and society.Therefore,a new approach of ecology should be involved,and different education outcomes or intended qualities of learners are presented in complex relationships.Findings:Deciding what matters in education assessment is a wicked question.It is not a tame or technology problem and can be resolved by any conventional approaches.What is pivotal now is to decipher what matters in education and then what should be measured and ultimately how to measure.The ecology and collaborate approach deliberated in this article could expedite such a process.Originality/Value:This article advocates paradigm change in understanding and resolving one of the most urgent problems in education.It provides an ecology explanation of the relationships that exist among the different education outcomes and students’qualities.By guiding through the dissecting of the problem step by step,this article has demonstrated a unique angle of understanding the wicked problem.展开更多
Background:Dengue virus,an Aedes mosquito-borne flavivirus,is associated with close to 400 million reported infections per annum worldwide.Reduction of dengue virus transmission depends entirely on limiting Aedes bree...Background:Dengue virus,an Aedes mosquito-borne flavivirus,is associated with close to 400 million reported infections per annum worldwide.Reduction of dengue virus transmission depends entirely on limiting Aedes breeding or preventing adult female contact with humans.Currently,the World Health Organization promotes the strategic approach of integrated vector management in order to optimise resources for mosquito control.Main text:Neglected tropical disease researchers focus on geographical zones where the incidence of clinical cases,and prevalence of vectors,are high.In combatting those infectious diseases such as dengue that affect mainly low-income populations in developing regions,a mosquito-centric approach is frequently adopted.This prioritises environmental factors that facilitate or impede the lifecycle progression of the vector.Climatic variables(such as rainfall and wind speed)that impact the vector's lifecycle either causally or by happenstance also affect the human host's lifecycle',but in very different ways.The socioeconomic impacts of the same variables that influence vector control impact host vulnerability but at different points in the human lifecycle to those of the vector.Here,we argue that the vulnerability of the vector and that of the host interact in complex and unpredictable ways that are characteristic of(complex and intransigent)'wicked problems'.Moreover,they are treated by public health programs in ways that may ignore this complexity.This opinion draws on recent evidence showing that the best climate predictors of the scale of dengue outbreaks in Bangladesh cannot be explained through a simple vector-tohost causal model.Conclusions:In mapping causal pathways for vector-borne diseases this article makes a case to elevate the lifecycle of the human host to a level closer in equivalence to that of the veaor.Here,we suggest value may be gained from transferring Rittel and Webber's concept of a wicked(social)problem to dengue,malaria and other mosquito-transmitted public health concerns.This would take a'problem definition,rather than a,solution-finding,approach,particularly when considering problems in which climate impacts simultaneously on human and vector vulnerability.展开更多
Rationality is the cornerstone of planning.In recent years,increasing frequency of public health crises and the powerlessness of planning in dealing with such crises have prompted us to rethink the role of planning ra...Rationality is the cornerstone of planning.In recent years,increasing frequency of public health crises and the powerlessness of planning in dealing with such crises have prompted us to rethink the role of planning rationality.This paper argues that both reason as a term specific in philosophy and rationality in decision science are finite,diverse,and complex,and should be understood and applied moderately.Those features also apply to planning rationality,which is based on both philosophical reasoning and decision rationality.In addition,frequent public health crises have greatly undermined the ideal thinking of optimization in a complex city and highlighted the importance of knowledge and methods,and communications and collaborations between professional and non-professional areas.Therefore,it is necessary to put the discussion of planning rationality in terms of its concept,categories,and evolution in the domain of public reason.This can be achieved through joint actions including communication and collaboration.展开更多
文摘The design and construction of houses normally require an architect＇s input. However, architects are increasingly being marginalized in these projects, and their roles are constantly being invaded by others. Despite repeated institutional interventions toward remedying this phenomenon, signs are not abating. This article examines the complexity of this phenomenon to explain the inadequacy of institutional interventions to address the problem. This article conceptualizes the phenomenon of marginalization and role invasion as a super wicked problem with six key features. First, the problem has a difficult definition. Second, the solution involves a large structural and economic burden. Third, time is of the essence. Fourth, multiple stakeholders attempting to solve the problem are part of the cause. Fifth, institutional interventions addressing the issue are weak or ill-equipped. Sixth, institutional interventions discount the future irrationally. The implications of this conceptualization for institutional intervention and research are discussed.
文摘With the increase of social complexity and uncertainty,wicked problems have become the hot and difcult issues in the frontier research of public policy.The concept of wicked problems was proposed in the 1960s.Since then,it has gradually spread to many disciplines,such as environment,urban planning,public policy,etc.A comprehensive understanding of the research progress of the transdisciplinary method is an important way to understand wicked problems.This paper uses Citespace5.5,based on bibliometrics and visual analysis techniques,to analyze 800 academic publications related to wicked problems and visually display the transdisciplinarity knowledge map and information panorama of wicked problems.Through a multi-level descriptive analysis of key literature,research origin,research hotspots and trend of the research on wicked problems,this paper fnds out the law of knowledge growth and internal evolution logic of the research on wicked problems,and concludes that the transdisciplinarity research of wicked problems is forming,which shows the rule from knowledge difusion(single discipline)to knowledge coherence(transdisciplinarity).The discipline of public policy has the potential to change the knowledge constraints of a single discipline and may ofer transdisciplinarity approaches to wicked problems.
文摘Purpose:Making policy makers,researcher,education leaders,and assessment developers aware that what matters in education assessment is a wicked problem that cannot be easily solved following traditional approaches.Design/Approach/Methods:Starting from the questions that what matters in education assessment,this article presented such questions as a wicked problem because there is no consensus,not right or wrong answer,and certain solutions may lead to side effects on students and society.Therefore,a new approach of ecology should be involved,and different education outcomes or intended qualities of learners are presented in complex relationships.Findings:Deciding what matters in education assessment is a wicked question.It is not a tame or technology problem and can be resolved by any conventional approaches.What is pivotal now is to decipher what matters in education and then what should be measured and ultimately how to measure.The ecology and collaborate approach deliberated in this article could expedite such a process.Originality/Value:This article advocates paradigm change in understanding and resolving one of the most urgent problems in education.It provides an ecology explanation of the relationships that exist among the different education outcomes and students’qualities.By guiding through the dissecting of the problem step by step,this article has demonstrated a unique angle of understanding the wicked problem.
文摘Background:Dengue virus,an Aedes mosquito-borne flavivirus,is associated with close to 400 million reported infections per annum worldwide.Reduction of dengue virus transmission depends entirely on limiting Aedes breeding or preventing adult female contact with humans.Currently,the World Health Organization promotes the strategic approach of integrated vector management in order to optimise resources for mosquito control.Main text:Neglected tropical disease researchers focus on geographical zones where the incidence of clinical cases,and prevalence of vectors,are high.In combatting those infectious diseases such as dengue that affect mainly low-income populations in developing regions,a mosquito-centric approach is frequently adopted.This prioritises environmental factors that facilitate or impede the lifecycle progression of the vector.Climatic variables(such as rainfall and wind speed)that impact the vector's lifecycle either causally or by happenstance also affect the human host's lifecycle',but in very different ways.The socioeconomic impacts of the same variables that influence vector control impact host vulnerability but at different points in the human lifecycle to those of the vector.Here,we argue that the vulnerability of the vector and that of the host interact in complex and unpredictable ways that are characteristic of(complex and intransigent)'wicked problems'.Moreover,they are treated by public health programs in ways that may ignore this complexity.This opinion draws on recent evidence showing that the best climate predictors of the scale of dengue outbreaks in Bangladesh cannot be explained through a simple vector-tohost causal model.Conclusions:In mapping causal pathways for vector-borne diseases this article makes a case to elevate the lifecycle of the human host to a level closer in equivalence to that of the veaor.Here,we suggest value may be gained from transferring Rittel and Webber's concept of a wicked(social)problem to dengue,malaria and other mosquito-transmitted public health concerns.This would take a'problem definition,rather than a,solution-finding,approach,particularly when considering problems in which climate impacts simultaneously on human and vector vulnerability.
文摘Rationality is the cornerstone of planning.In recent years,increasing frequency of public health crises and the powerlessness of planning in dealing with such crises have prompted us to rethink the role of planning rationality.This paper argues that both reason as a term specific in philosophy and rationality in decision science are finite,diverse,and complex,and should be understood and applied moderately.Those features also apply to planning rationality,which is based on both philosophical reasoning and decision rationality.In addition,frequent public health crises have greatly undermined the ideal thinking of optimization in a complex city and highlighted the importance of knowledge and methods,and communications and collaborations between professional and non-professional areas.Therefore,it is necessary to put the discussion of planning rationality in terms of its concept,categories,and evolution in the domain of public reason.This can be achieved through joint actions including communication and collaboration.
