Advancement in Wide Area Monitoring Protection and Control Using PMU’s Model in MATLAB/SIMULINK

A big step forward to improve power system monitoring and performance, continued load growth without a corresponding increase in transmission resources has resulted in reduced operational margins for many power systems worldwide and has led to operation of power systems closer to their stability limits and to power exchange in new patterns. These issues, as well as the on-going worldwide trend towards deregulation of the entire industry on the one hand and the increased need for accurate and better network monitoring on the other hand, force power utilities exposed to this pressure to demand new solutions for wide area monitoring, protection and control. Wide-area monitoring, protection, and control require communicating the specific-node information to a remote station but all information should be time synchronized so that to neutralize the time difference between information. It gives a complete simultaneous snap shot of the power system. The conventional system is not able to satisfy the time-synchronized requirement of power system. Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is enabler of time-synchronized measurement, it communicate the synchronized local information to remote station.

Architecture Design for Integrated Wide Area Protection and Control Systems

This paper firstly reviews the recent development in power system protection and control, with special attention paid to the wide-area and integrated protection, in order to look into future development of integration of protection and control for smart grids. This paper mainly reports on the development of integrated wide area protection and control for power systems. The concept of integrated wide area protection and control is introduced, in which a hierarchical protection and control system provides the protection and control of wide area or regional power substations/ plants and their associated power network. The system is mainly divided into three levels, the local, the substation/plant and the wide area/regional protection and control. The integrated functions at each level are described in details with an aim to develop an optimal coordination mechanism between the levels. One of the core elements in the system is the synchronised wide area communication network between the substations and the protection and control system, in which latest communication technology is employed. Another important player in the system is the wide area synchronized protection and control information platform, which not only enables the fusion three line of defence for power system protection and control, but also provides a perfect tool for the application of cloud computing to substations and power networks.

WAMS-based monitoring and control of Hopf bifurcations in multi-machine power systems

A method is proposed to monitor and control Hopf bifurcations in multi-machine power systems using the information from wide area measurement systems (WAMSs). The power method (PM) is adopted to compute the pair of conjugate eigenvalues with the algebraically largest real part and the corresponding eigenvectors of the Jacobian matrix of a power system. The distance between the current equilibrium point and the Hopf bifurcation set can be monitored dynamically by computing the pair of con- jugate eigenvalues. When the current equilibrium point is close to the Hopf bifurcation set, the approximate normal vector to the Hopf bifurcation set is computed and used as a direction to regulate control parameters to avoid a Hopf bifurcation in the power system described by differential algebraic equations (DAEs). The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by regulating the reactive power loads in a 14-bus power system.

Guest editorial: special issue on wide area monitoring, protection and control in smart grid

Complexity of modern electrical power systems is steadily increasing.This is inspiring researchers and developers to propose new solutions capable to address a number of challenges,particularly those related to power system operation.A massive penetration of asynchronously connected renewable energy generation,the generation connected over inverters,is significantly changing the dynamics of modern power systems.From one hand,the power system response time is becoming shorter and at the same time the fault level is becoming smaller.This is significantly affecting requirements of control loops,as well as power system protection.

浅谈盘锦稻区土壤环境的监测、保护与治理

总结近年来盘锦稻区土壤环境监测工作的部分情况,简述稻区土壤环境监测工作的意义,介绍盘锦稻区土壤环境保护、监管与治理的相关进展,并提出强化土肥基础工作、拓宽监测范围、完善数据资料、加强环境监管、强化污染治理、加强相关培训与宣传等建议。

Integrated Wide Area Protection and Control for Power Grid Security

The traditional“three defense lines”for power systems are based on local information and static protection&control strategy,which are not suitable to modern large-scale power systems.In order to improve the security of UHV hybrid power grids,the Integrated Wide Area Protection&Control(IWAPC)is proposed in this paper by applying the new technologies of synchronized high-speed communication,which integrates“three defense lines”and promotes existing wide area protection only for security control.The IWAPC is the hierarchical protection and control system which provides the protection and control for wide area power networks to improve their reliability and security.It is divided into three levels,the local bay level,the substation integrated protection level and the wide area protection level.The wide area real-time protection and control information platform is the most important part of the IWAPC,which is based on a synchronized wide area communication network.The key technologies and new development trends include network topology analysis,wide area backup protection,wide area intelligent reclosing,wide area load shedding,wide area auto-switching,overload cutoff and transfer,transmission section protection,intelligent system splitting and dynamic stability control.It cannot only integrate three lines of defense for power system protection and control,but also improve security of the power grid.

WF-IoT融合物联网技术在铁路隧道照明中的应用研究

WF-IoT融合物联网技术具有自主组网及无线节点多的优点,在物联系统中应用较多。传统铁路隧道照明系统结构复杂,灯具供电、控制需要分别架设电缆,远程监控也要布设通信网络,照明模式单一,电缆消耗量大、施工周期长。为了克服传统系统不足,以含有WF-IoT协议的LED光源作为隧道照明灯具,每个灯具独立控制,由灯具作为通信节点在隧道内部构成无中心的无线物联网,通过网关与铁路专网连接实现远程监控管理。该系统在隧道内部无需设置照明控制箱、控制线路和通信线缆,不仅能够满足巡检照明的需求,也可实现预设的照明模式。基于灯具节点构建的WF-IoT无线网络还可用于隧道内部其他设备的监控。该技术为铁路隧道照明提供了一种新方案。

高速铁路智能牵引变电所技术研究

研究目的:高速铁路牵引供电系统智能化是高速铁路智能化的重要组成部分,而智能牵引变电所是牵引供电系统智能化的核心,又是牵引供电系统智能化发展的趋势。目前我国高速铁路牵引变电所智能化技术处于初步发展阶段,智能化技术水平不高,本文对牵引变电所一次设备智能化、广域保护、辅助监控等技术方案进行研究,为实现牵引变电所智能化提出系统方案。研究结论:(1)从六个方面总结了智能牵引变电所的技术特征,便于对智能牵引变电所更深刻的认识;(2)智能牵引变电所采用“三层两网”布局,结构更加简化和清晰;(3)一次设备的智能化方案,建议新建设备采用集成化一体设备,改造设备采用外挂分离式设备;(4)采用网络化的广域保护实现了牵引网故障区段的隔离和供电臂的自愈重组,实现所间智能化控制;(5)本文研究内容可为牵引变电所的智能化提供技术参考。

一种自动监测站多功能电源模块的方案研究

针对水利自动监测站设备的电源供电问题,提出了一种基于Mini-PCIe模块的多功能电源模块方案。该方案通过集成电源转换和控制等功能,实现结构简单、体积小、移植方便、运维便捷的效果。同时,采用各类瞬态抑制稳压管配合光电隔离芯片实现防雷击与浪涌,保证AC采样通道的安全。该方案具有较高的电源转换效率、丰富的功能和良好的安全性能,可广泛应用于各类场景。

Improving the performance of power system protection using wide area monitoring systems

Wide area monitoring(WAM) offers many opportunities to improve the performance of power system protection. This paper presents some of these opportunities and the motivation for their development. This methods include monitoring the suitability of relay characteristics,supervisory control of backup protection, more adaptive and intelligent system protection and the creation of novel system integrity protection scheme. The speed of response required for primary protection means that the role WAM in enhancing protection is limited to backup and system protection. The opportunities offered by WAM for enhancing protection are attractive because of the emerging challenges faced by the modern power system protection. The increasingly variable operating conditions of power systems are making it ever more difficult to select relay characteristics that will be a suitable compromise for all loading conditions and contingencies. The maloperation of relays has contributed to the inception and evolution of 70 % of blackouts,thus the supervision of the backup protection may prove a valuable tool for preventing or limiting the scale of blackouts. The increasing interconnection and complexity of modern power systems has made them more vulnerable to wide area disturbances and this has contributed to several recent blackouts. The proper management of these wide area disturbances is beyond the scope of most of the existing protection and new, adaptive system integrity protection schemes are needed to protect power system security.

Developments of power system protection and control

Synchronized wide area communication has become a mature technology,which makes the real-time interaction between the substations and the wide area protection and control system possible.However,the present protection and control system to handle this real-time data has been recognized to be deficient.This paper begins by reviewing the development history of power system protection,with special attention paid to the recent development in the field of wide-area and integrated protections,in order to look into the future development of protection and control systems.Then the concept of integrated wide area protection and control is introduced,where it can be shown that a hierarchical protection and control system provides the protection and control for wide area or regional power substations/plants and their associated power networks.The system is mainly divided into three levels:the local,the substation/plant,and the wide area/regional.The integrated functions at each level are described in details with an aim to develop an optimal coordination mechanism between each level.The key element in the proposed system is the wide area real-time protection and control information platform,which not only enables the merger of three lines of defence for power system protection and control,but also provides a perfect tool for the application of cloud computing in substations and power networks.

智能电网中的继电保护技术应用

阐述继电保护技术中的单原件保护、广域保护、智能传感器特点,分析继电保护配置方案,包括线路保护、组件保护、综合监测系统的应用。

智能牵引供电系统网络化广域保护通信通道

以数字化、智能化为特征的智能高铁,系统内各要素之间信息充分流通,实现信息空间和物理空间内数据实时共享、交互。数据信息的流通离不开通信技术的支撑和通信通道的建设。智能牵引供电系统是智能高铁的重要组成部分,文章以供电系统中的广域保护测控系统对通信通道的需求为出发点,分析其技术要求和组网方案,并结合现场实例说明了通信通道的重要性。

FAST保护区地质灾害发育特征及形成机理与防治建议

FAST(中国天眼)保护区内地质灾害发育,目前共有在册地质灾害132处,属地质灾害高易发区域,区内地质灾害隐患已对FAST工程的安全运行构成威胁。本文以FAST保护区现有地质灾害为研究对象,采用实地调查、资料收集、数理统计等方法,对保护区内地质灾害的发育特征进行分析,建立地质灾害关联模型,研究区内地质灾害孕灾条件及影响因素之间的耦合关系,并对区内地质灾害成因机理进行分析研究,提出了防治措施及监测预警建议。FAST保护区滑坡地质灾害主要有“牵引式”、“推移式”两种破坏力学模式,其中小型滑坡多呈“牵引式”破坏,中型、大型滑坡多呈“推移式”破坏;区内崩塌危岩体的主要破坏模式有“倾倒式”、“坠落式”、“滑移式”。区内地质灾害主要诱发因素是强降雨和人类工程活动,因此,强降雨前后应做好地质灾害巡查防控,区内开展岩土工程活动前需做好科学评估和规划,避免人为引发地质灾害。

配电网继电保护的创新路径研究

继电保护作为配电网的重要组成部分,不仅可以促进配电网的稳定运行,还有助于减少突发事件对配电网所产生的影响。但随着配电网建设规模的逐渐扩大,传统的继电保护已无法满足需求。文章基于配电网继电保护的概念和原理,分析了配电网继电保护创新的必要性,并提出了具体的创新措施,以期保障电力系统的安全稳定运行,助力于我国电力行业的进一步发展。

城市天然气智慧管控平台建设与运行管理

进入21世纪,随着IT技术、网络技术、管理技术的发展,生产型企业的管理层逐渐意识到“管理出效益”的重要性,早期一个生产企业一般就有一两个信息化系统,类似SCADA系统、视频监控系统、OA系统等。管理层在原先“只监不管”基础上,逐渐投资建设相关信息化系统,如GIS系统、巡检系统、综合调度系统、智慧燃气等,结合相关的管理措施,使得企业的生产效益得到了有力的提升。

关于电力系统广域保护的评述

为有利于电力系统停电防御体系的进一步发展,讨论电力系统的广域保护,包括广域设备保护和广域系统保护的功能、控制方式及系统结构;回顾其信息采集、知识提取和控制决策方面的进展。从理论和应用相结合的观点剖析广域后备保护的可行性、困难和发展方向;指出需要在算法与受扰轨迹的知识提取上取得重大突破,并与数值仿真相结合,才能真正发挥相量测量单元在广域保护中的作用;强调按风险观点将广域保护与预防控制及传统保护协调的重要性。

广域测量技术在电力系统中的应用研究进展

大规模交直流混合电网的建设和发展,对电力系统稳定和控制在空间广度和时间维度上提出了更高的要求。广域测量系统(Wide Area Measurement System,WAMS)的同步量测数据在空间和时间上满足上述要求,因而研究WAMS技术在电力系统中的应用十分必要。从WAMS的结构和原理出发,总结了近五年来广域测量系统在电力系统动态监测与故障分析、辨识与估计、系统稳定控制和广域保护等方面的研究进展,并详细分析了其中存在的问题。最后展望了广域测量技术需要进一步研究的问题,指出基于WAMS技术构建大规模互联电力系统的广域安全监测及控制系统是一个很有意义的研究方向。

智能配电网广域测控系统及其保护控制应用技术

分布式电源的大量接入以及对供电质量、运行效率要求的提高,使得配电网的保护控制面临新的挑战。传统的基于集中与就地控制方式的保护控制技术,分别存在响应速度慢与利用信息有限、功能不完善的问题。文中提出建立基于对等通信网络的广域测控系统,同时支持基于主站的集中控制和在智能终端上实现的就地与分布式智能控制方式,为配电网监测与保护控制应用提供开放式的统一支撑平台,在此基础上实现了分布式电源并网控制、广域保护、快速故障隔离和恢复供电、小电流接地故障自愈等新型保护控制技术。随着研究的深入与技术的不断完善,将形成完整的广域测控系统及其保护控制应用技术体系,为智能配电网建设提供可靠的二次技术支撑。

安全稳定控制系统在新疆南部电网的应用

新疆南部电网安全稳定控制系统由安装在30个厂站的稳定控制装置组成,覆盖巴州、阿克苏、喀什、和田地区。当新疆南部区域电网联络线或主力机组发生故障时,采取解列、切负荷措施,防止大面积停电,保证新疆南部电网的安全稳定运行。文中通过对新疆南部电网安全稳定控制系统的研究,提出了适合于该类型电网的稳定控制系统结构、实现方式、新原理、新判据。该系统多次在电网故障中正确动作,确保了电网的稳定运行。