On Tibetan Students' Willingness to Communicate in EFL Classroom

Set as the primary and ultimate goal of language teaching process by MacIntyre et al.(1998),willingness to communicate in second language(L2 WTC) has been put much attention in L2 acquisition field.This study examined quantitatively the willingness to communicate in English as a foreign language(EFL WTC) in Tibetan context with a questionnaire.Tibetan college students' EFL WTC was found significantly lower than Han students.No significant difference was found between Tibetan male and female students in their EFL WTC.Causes were explored andsome pedagogical suggestions were made in this study.

A Comparison Between Male and Female in Their Willingness to Communicate and Use of Socio-cognitive Strategies

Willingness to communicate illustrates anyone’s tendency and wish to commence a communication.Besides,socio-cognitive strategies are used when people want to interact with others and face some difficulties.The aim of this study was twofold.The first aim was to investigate the difference in willingness to communicate between Iranian male and female.The second aim was to distinguish the frequency of socio-cognitive strategies used by Iranian advance students based on their gender.To these ends,32 advance learners(16 males and 16 females)were given the willingness to communicate questionnaire developed by MacIntyre,Baker,Clément,and Conrod(2001)and the socio-cognitive strategy use questionnaire.The range of the participants’age was 17-23 in both males and females.To analyze the result of the socio-cognitive strategies use,frequencies were counted.The result showed that although there were some similarities and differences between males and females while using socio-cognitive strategies,the differences were more in social strategies than cognitive ones.After collecting the data from the questionnaires and calculating the means of the two groups,an independent sample T-test was run to compute the significant differences between the two groups.The result of the willingness to communicate questionnaire revealed that males had more tendency in communication than females.Also,the result of the socio-cognitive strategy questionnaire showed that both groups are similar in cognitive strategy use,but they are different in social strategy use.

An Investigation on Willingness to Communicate of Chinese EFL Learners in a Study Abroad Context

As increasingly large number of Chinese students study abroad,Chinese students'classrooms behavious have captured attention.In addition to analyzing the factors affecting the learners'willingness to communicate(WTC) in second language(L2),the paper also aims to examine validity of the heuristic model of MacIntyre et al.(1998) in this particular context.Results show that interlocutor,topic and conversational context are the three main situational variables found to affect the Chinese learners'L2 WTC.

Research on English Majors＇ Willingness to Communicate Inside Classroom

As a new affective variable in the field of L2 （Second Language） Acquisition, the study of WTC （Willingness to Communicate） has attracted widespread attention since the 1990s, which is not only an effective way to promote language learning but also an important language target itself. Based on the data got from the questionnaire, the present study intends to explore the level, gender difference, correlation with academic .performance, and influencing factors of English majors＇ WTC inside classroom using both quantitative and qualitative research method. The results reveal that English majors＇ WTC inside classroom is comparatively high; there is no significant gender difference in English majors＇ WTC inside classroom, and there is significant positive correlation between WTC inside classroom and academic achievement; furthermore, language capacity, language anxiety, and communicative atmosphere are the main influencing factors

Discussion about Chinese Cultural Perspectives on Willingness to Communicate

In Chinese traditional classes, grammar-based teaching method is widely adopted, and this leads to a phenomenon thatChinese students are usually good at grammar and writing, but poor at speaking. Besides, when Chinese students are in a communi-cation-based class, some of them usually feel uncomfortable and are reluctant to communicate. This phenomenon may relate to Chi-nese students' willingness to communicate(WTC).There are a great deal of research has been conducted to WTC related to person-ality, communicative and social environment. However, just small number of exploration has been allotted to the cultural perspec-tive.

An Exploration of the Influence of Willingness to Communicate on Second Language Communication

This qualitative study aims at exploring the influence of L2 learners' willingness to communicate(WTC) on second language communication. The participants involved in this study were 7 beginners learning Mandarin in a Chinese university whose native languages were totally different. Multiple sources of data were collected, including classroom observations, semistructured interviews and stimulated recalls. The results indicate that the students with higher level of WTC were more fluent in L2 Chinese communication, and the student whose native language or second language is Russian performed better in Chinese communication.

Study on Communication Effect of Food Safety Risk in Social Media:the Influence of Response Effort Level on Consumption Willingness Change

By constructing influence model for communication effect of food safety risk in social media environment,the influences of different response manners taken by relevant enterprises on consumers' cognition and purchasing intention are analyzed,and influence mechanisms of response effort level,interaction and content reliability on consumers' attitudes are revealed. Based on quasi-experimental study with three kinds of response effort levels,it is found that content reliability,interaction and effort degree of enterprise response under negative information of food safety event have significant impacts on communication effect and consumers' purchasing intention.

国产和进口转基因食品消费意愿的影响因素比较分析——以转基因大米和转基因大豆油为例

以国产转基因大米和进口转基因大豆油为研究对象,调查了上海市消费者对转基因食品的认知和消费意愿[Willingness to consuming(WTC)],采用似不相关回归模型比较分析了影响消费者对这两种转基因食品消费意愿的因素。结果表明:正面信息对消费者的影响是积极的,当正负两方面信息同时存在时,负面信息占主导地位;消费者的固有认知和对转基因大豆油的安全性评价显著正影响其消费意愿;负面事件和对实施强制标识制度的态度的影响是负向的;消费意愿还受到性别、家庭未成年成员情况、职业和收入等特征因素和标签信息阅读情况、对监管效果的评价、购买频率等不同程度的影响;消费者对转基因大米和转基因大豆油的消费意愿的影响因素有明显的差异。

培养高职学生英语交际意愿的策略研究

交际意愿的高低直接决定学习者用英语表达意向的强弱,也对英语培养目标的实现有直接的影响。高职学生因为英语交际能力自我评估水平低,英语课堂交流焦虑情绪高,并且"好面子"等原因表现出交际意愿较低的现状,故此应开展形式多样的高职英语课堂活动,不断树立学生英语交际自信心;构建轻松、融洽的师生关系,建立充满爱心、鼓励的课堂氛围;拓展第二课堂活动,扩宽学生英语接触面,以此改善或增强学生的交际意愿,促进学生英语实际应用能力的可持续性发展。

大学生阅读交流意愿的实证研究

将WTC理论应用到大学生的交互阅读研究中,采用实证研究的方法对读者之间的交流行为差异进行研究,提出图书馆应在阅读推广活动中设立专门的推广人员、合理发挥推广人员或教师在阅读交流中的引导作用的对策建议。

认知视角下构建大学生英语交流意愿的图示表征

英语交流意愿(Willingness to Communicate,WTC)是能否提高大学生英语交流水平的关键。本研究旨在调查与总结影响大学生WTC的主要因素,并结合当前认知科学的主要研究成果(如:元认知理论、动机理论、图式理论、图形背景等)来阐释这些因素。一方面可以为大学英语教学提出相关建议;另一方面也可以体现认知科学对具体认知活动的阐释力和指导意义。

新加坡华族儿童华语交际意愿影响因素研究

本文对新加坡华族儿童课堂内和课堂外的华语交际意愿进行了调查,分析了家庭语言背景、性别及交际情境对儿童华语交际意愿的影响。研究采用2(交际情境)×2(性别)×3(家庭语言背景)的混合设计,通过问卷调查了学习华语的389名小学一年级学生。调查结果显示,学生课堂内的华语交际意愿高于课堂外的华语交际意愿;来自华语家庭和华英双语家庭的学生华语交际意愿高于来自英语家庭的学生,而前两者之间的差异则并不显著。此外,学生华语交际意愿的总体性别差异并不显著,不过,性别和家庭语言背景对华语交际意愿的影响在不同的交际情境下存在显著差异。

检视非母语华语学习者的沟通意愿:马来西亚登嘉楼玛拉工艺大学个案研究

本文采用定量研究的方法检视非母语华语学习者的沟通意愿,以促进文凭班学生和本科班学生在不同华语学习阶段沟通意愿程度的改变。本文也探讨了学生的沟通意愿是否会受到学习动机、学习信心和沟通焦虑的影响。研究显示当学生的华语学习程度提高时,其沟通意愿却降低了。这样的研究结果与学生的学术背景和缺乏与汉语母语者沟通密切相关。本文也提出了一些增进非母语学习者沟通意愿的建议。

Drnyei“动机综合体”视角下对大学英语小组任务参与度的研究

二语/外语学习中有效的小组任务主要取决于每个小组成员的积极参与,但是每个成员的交流意愿受诸多因素的影响。D?rnyei(2009a)从动态系统观的视角提出影响任务动机的四大板块因素(motivational conglomerates),但是它并不足以包括影响中国大学英语小组任务参与度的一些比较重要的因素。本研究调查了广东某大学212个非英语专业大学生想参与及不想参与小组任务的主要原因。研究结果显示:与任务有关的因素和社会因素是影响学生小组任务参与度的最重要因素,而英语语言能力和个人情景意愿等因素起着次重要作用;学生提及的主要因素与D?rnyei(2009a)"动机综合体"的四大板块因素基本吻合;高分组及低分组学生对不同类型的小组任务的态度不尽相同。作者在研究结果的基础上提出了教师设计小组任务需要注意的原则。

语言思维模式对二语交际意愿的影响研究——学习情绪和自我效能感的多重中介作用分析

作为衡量二语习得成效的关键指标,交际意愿一直是二语习得领域研究的热点。本研究基于对622名中国非英语专业大一学生的问卷调查,采用结构方程建模的方法探究了语言思维模式对二语交际意愿的影响及学习情绪和自我效能感在其中的调节作用。结果显示:学习情绪和自我效能感在语言思维模式与二语交际意愿之间起着完全中介作用,其中,愉悦感和自我效能感在成长型语言思维和二语交际意愿之间起着正向调节作用,而愉悦感和焦虑在固定型语言思维和二语交际意愿之间起着负向调节作用。可见,积极的学习信念更容易激发学习者正向的学习情绪、提升自我效能感和二语交际意愿。研究结果不仅印证了拓展—建构理论,还为学习者语言学习信念的干预提供了一定的启示。

Emergence and Development of Health Risk Communication Networks Among Street-Level Health Bureaucrats During the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis in Myanmar

Street-level health bureaucrats have actively contributed to implementing the COVID-19 prevention,control,and treatment policies of the Myanmar government.However,the need for bureaucrats on the frontlines of policy implementation to maintain a safe distance from others to prevent the spread of COVID-19 has posed challenges for the sharing and exchange of information related to health risks.In this context,this study examined what health risk communication patterns have emerged and developed among streetlevel health bureaucrats during the COVID-19 pandemic,and how this risk communication has been affected by streetlevel health bureaucrats'perceptions of client meaningfulness and willingness to implement COVID-19 policies.The results reveal that street-level health bureaucrats in the health risk communication network are embedded in reciprocally or transitively connected discussion relationships that sustain their health risk communication over time.Moreover,when specific healthcare staffmembers perceive more benefits of COVID-19 policies for their patients and are more willing to care for patients,other healthcare staffavoid them to protect themselves from COVID-19 infection.Due to their higher level of understanding of the adopted measures,healthcare staffmembers who are highly willing to implement COVID-19 policies are frequently approached by other staffmembers to communicate about COVID-19 issues.This study empirically contributes to the literature on street-level bureaucrats in times of pandemic crisis by examining the formation of health risk communications in the context of street-level health bureaucrats'responses to and participation in public healthcare policy implementation processes.