Selenium Supplementation Alleviates Autoimmune Thyroiditis by Regulating Expression of Th1/Th2 Cytokines

Selenium （Se） is an essential trace element. Autoimmune thyroid diseases （AITD） are destructive inflammatory or anti-receptor autoimmune diseases characterized by reactivity to self-thyroid antigens. However, the effects of Se on the cytokines in AITD are still unclear. So we researched the role of Selenium （Se） and Thl/Th2 cytokine productions in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases （AITD）.

Effects of Radiofrequency Ablation on Lymphocyte Subsets and Type 1/Type 2 T Cell Subpopulations in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Objective： To evaluate whether radiofrequency ablation （RFA） might have an influence on immune status in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） patients. Methods： We measured the T lymphocytes, B lymphocyte and NK cells, and determined the population of Thl, Th2, Tcl and Tc2 of peripheral blood samples taken from 26 HCC patients before and after RFA. Results： The proportion of Typel cells （Thl and Tcl） and NK cells were significantly increased after RFA, especially in patients of the following subgroups： male, age〉55 years, pathological grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ tumor, clinical stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ or Child-Pugh A and B. Conclusion： TypeⅠ cells and NK cells in HCC patients were increased in a short period after RFA.

Effect of Shoutai Pills on Th1/Th2 Cytokines in Serum and Endometrium of Rats with Stimulated Ovulation

In our previous study,we found that Shoutai pills could improve the embryo implantation rate as well as the levels of estrogen,progesterone and estrogen receptor in rats with stimulated ovulation.However,the mechanism is not clear.This study was designed to investigate the effect of Shoutai pills on the levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in rats with stimulated ovulation and the mechanism.The rat model of stimulated ovulation was established by combined injection of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin(PMSG)and human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG).Then the rats were randomly divided into model group(M),Shoutai pills group(S),progesterone group(P)and normal group(N).All the pregnant rats were treated from the first day.The S and P groups were administrated with gavage of Shoutai pills and injection of progesterone respectively,and N and M groups were given the same volume of normal saline and distilled water respectively.After treatment for 7 days,the animals were executed for serum and uterine tissues.The ELISA method was adopted to detect the contents of Thl cytokines[interferon-γ(INF-γ),interleukin-2(IL-2)]and Th2 cytokines(IL-4,IL-6,IL-10).The expression of leukemia inhibitory factor(L1F)and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor(LIFR)was detected by Western blotting and real-time PCR.As compared with N group,the expression levels of IFN-y and IL-2 in M group were significantly increased,and those of IL-4,IL-6,IL-10.LIF and LIFR were significantly decreased(P<0.05).As compared with M group,the levels of IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,LIF and LIFR in S group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and those of IFN-γand IL-2 were significantly decreased(P<0.05).It was suggested that Shoutai pills can increase the levels of IL-4.1L-6,IL-10,LIF and LIFR as well as reduce the levels of INF-γand IL-2 in rats with stimulated ovulation.The Shoutai pills may improve endometrial receptivity and promote embryo implantation by maintaining the balanee of Th1/Th2 cytokines.

EXPRESSION AND SWITCHING OF TH1/TH2 TYPE CYTOKINESGENE IN HUMAN GLIOMAS

Objective To study the expression and switching of Thl/Th2 cytokines gene in human gliomas and its effects on occurring and developing of human gliomas. Methods Interleukin（IL）-2 and interferon-3, represent Thl type cytokines. IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13 represent Th2 type cytokines. The gene expressions of Th1/Th2 cytokines in human glioma cells, glioma infiltrating lymphocytes, and glioma cell lines were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. The biological activity of cytokines in the supematant of glioma cell lines was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） method. Results The total positive rates of Th1 and Th2 type cytokines gene in human glioma cells were 14.77% and 75%. The total positive rates of Th1 and Th2 type cytokines gene in glioma infiltrating lymphocytes were 22.73% and 68.17%. There was obviously predominant expression of Th2 type cytokines in human glioma tissues, glioma infiltrating lymphocytes, and glioma cell lines. There was no unbalanced expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines in normal brain tissues. Conclusion There is a predominant expression of Th2 type cytokines in human glioma cells. The switching of Th1/Th2 cytokines gene may play an important role in the occurring and developing of human gliomas.

T Lymphocytes and Th1/Th2 Cytokines in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Recurrent Genital Herpes

Objective: This study analyzed the T lymphocytes and Th1/Th2 type cytokine profile shift in the peripheral blood ofpatients with recurrent genital herpes (RGH). Methods: Immunofluorescent staining or cell surface antigenand intracellular cytokines(IL-2、IL-4、IL-12、IFN-r)inperipheral blood from 20 RGH patients and 10 controls wereanalyzed using flow cytometric techniques. Results: RGH patients had signiflcantly lower levels ofCD3^+T cells, CD4^+T cells and CD4^+ T/ CD8^+ T cells ratiocompared to control levels (P<0.001), and IL-2-producing,IFN-r-producing and IL-12-producing T cells were increasedin RGH patients (CD4^+T: P<0.001, CD8^+T: P<0.05respectively), whereas IL-4-producing T cells were increased inRGH patients compared to controls (CD4^+T: P<0.05; CD8^+T:P<0.001 respectively). Conclusions: RGH patients have T lymphocyte subsetvariations and Th1/Th2 cytokine changes. The increase in Th2cells Th1/Th2 imbalance may have important implications forRGH pathogenesis.

Local Th1/Th2 Cytokine Expression in Experimental Murine Vaginal Candidiasis

In order to investigate the expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the vaginal candidiasis caused by Candida, the fungal vaginitis model was established in female ICR mice by intravaginal inoculation of suspension of C. albicans after the animals were pretreated with estradiol. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） was used to detect the expression of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1 in the vagina in the mice of different groups at different time points after the beginning of the experiment. The average expression level of IL-2 mRNA in group D （estrogen-treated mice） was significantly higher than that in groups H （estrogen-untreated mice） and I （control group） on the day 2. The average expression level of IL-4 mRNA in group D was significantly higher than that in groups I and H on the day 5. The average expression level of IL-10 mRNA in group D was significantly higher than that in groups H and I from day 7 to 11. The average expression level of TGF-β1 mRNA in group D was significantly higher than that in groups H and I at all time points. It was concludes that the high-level expression of IL-2 mRNA during early infection was associated with clearance of mucosal C. albicans, and the high-level expression of IL-10 mRNA during late stage of the infection was related to susceptibility to infection. TGF-β1 may play a predominant role when the virtual absence of changes in other Th-type cytokines during infection.

HBV慢性感染患者外周血Th_1/Th_2(Tc_1/Tc_2)细胞IFN-γ和IL-4的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨Th1 /Th2 (Tc1 /Tc2 )型细胞因子的变化在慢性HBV感染的临床分型中的意义 ,探讨Th1 /Th2 (Tc1 /Tc2 )型细胞在慢性HBV感染中的作用。方法 用PMA和Ionomycin作为刺激剂 ,采用流式细胞仪对慢性HBV感染者外周血CD3 + /CD8+ T细胞和CD3 + /CD8-T细胞内IFN γ和IL 4的表达进行检测 ,比较乙肝病毒携带者、慢性乙型肝炎、活动性肝炎后肝硬化和慢性重症肝炎各组Th1 /Th2 (Tc1 /Tc2 )型细胞因子水平的变化。结果 慢性肝炎、活动性肝炎后肝硬化、慢性重症肝炎患者的Th1 、Tc1 细胞均高于正常对照组和乙肝病毒携带者。慢性重症肝炎组Th1 、Tc1 显著高于慢性肝炎、正常对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,慢性重症肝炎组Tc1 显著高于活动性肝炎后肝硬化组 (P <0 0 5 )。活动性肝炎后肝硬化组Tc1 显著高于正常对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。Th1 、Tc1 细胞随着慢性乙型肝炎肝脏炎症活动的加剧而增高。而Th2 、Tc2 细胞则在各组中均无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 在慢性HBV感染中 ,Th1 和Tc1 细胞数量与肝脏炎症活动严重程度呈正相关 ,提示Th1 和Tc1

菟丝子总黄酮对大鼠流产模型血清P、PR、Th1/Th2细胞因子表达的影响

目的:探讨菟丝子总黄酮对大鼠流产模型蜕膜PR及Th1/Th2细胞因子表达的影响,同时观察血清P和PR的变化。方法:对溴隐亭致SD孕鼠流产模型,设菟丝子总黄酮高、低剂量治疗组、达芙通为阳性对照组,于孕12d处死各组大鼠,酶联免疫检测血清P和PRL的水平,免疫组化法检测蜕膜PR的表达,RT-PCR法检测蜕膜Th1/Th2 mRNA的表达。结果:模型组蜕膜IL-4、IL-10 mRNA及PR蛋白表达明显低于正常妊娠组,TNF-α、IFN-γmRNA表达明显高于正常妊娠组,差异有显著性(P<0.05),菟丝子总黄酮可上调流产大鼠蜕膜IL-4、IL-10、PR的表达,下调TNF-α、IFN-γ表达,同时可提高血清P的水平,其作用与孕激素达芙通相似。结论:菟丝子总黄酮可能通过调节母胎界面内分泌-免疫网络平衡而起到维持早孕的作用。

哮喘患儿血清Th_1/Th_2类细胞因子水平及其临床意义的研究

采用 IL ISA法测定了哮喘发作期和缓解期患儿的血清白介素 - 12 ( IL- 12 )和白介素 - 4 ( IL- 4 )。结果发现 ,发作期哮喘患儿 IL - 12水平 ( 3 5 .2± 11.18pg/ ml)显著低于缓解期 ( 4 2 .75± 13 .3 8pg/ ml)和健康儿 ( 4 5 .4 3±2 9.19pg/ ml) ,P分别 <0 .0 1、0 .0 5。发作期和缓解期哮喘患儿血清 IL - 4阳性率 (分别为 5 5 .5 6%和 3 6.3 6% )均显著高于健康儿 ( 9.1% ) ,P分别 <0 .0 1、0 .0 5。IL- 12和 IL- 4呈显著负相关 ( r=- 0 .3 4 ,P<0 .0 5 )。认为哮喘患儿存在明显的 Th1 / Th2 类细胞因子失衡 ,IL- 12和 IL- 4在哮喘发病中都起重要作用。吸入糖皮质激素等治疗可改变这种失衡状态。

Impact of Bisphenol A (BPA) and Free Fatty Acids (FFA) on Th2 Cytokine Secretion from INS-1 Cells

Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in huge amounts for many plastic products and is a hormone (estrogen) disrupting agent. BPA as well as FFAs may be deleterious for the immune system. The aim was to identify Th2 cytokines and some of their signal transduction mechanisms in INS-1 cells, an insulin secreting cell line. Screening using a proteome profile indicated an increase of IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13 and IL-17 by BPA. Also FFAs (in combination with LPS) were positive. In detailed quantitative measurements, these results were confirmedly indicating a complex array of pro-and anti-inflammatory potential. The interaction of BPA with 17β-estradiol was non-additive with respect to IL-4 and IL-6 release and additive with respect to FFA interaction indicating same and different mechanisms of action, respecttively. As signal transduction PI3K (Wortmannin-sensitive) and STAT-3/6 (Tofacitinib-sensitive) are involved in various effects, INS-1 cells release several cytokines due to BPA and FFA attack which may be involved in disturbance of glucose homoeostasis and type 1 diabetes.

检测肺癌中辅助性T细胞(Th_1/Th_2)的临床意义

目的 探讨辅助性T细胞Th1 和Th2 细胞因子对肺癌患者的临床意义 ,为肿瘤的免疫治疗提供依据。方法 采用放射免疫 (RIA)和酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA)检测 86例肺癌患者、5 9例肺良性病患者及45例正常对照辅助性T细胞分泌的细胞因子。以IL 2和TNF α的水平代表Th1 型细胞因子 ,IL 4、IL 6和IL 8的水平代表Th2 型细胞因子。结果 肺癌患者IL 2 [( 2 4.6± 12 .0 ) μg/L]的水平显著低于肺良性病患者[( 71.1± 2 5 .4) μg/L] (t =3 .82 ,P <0 .0 1)和正常对照 [( 69.3± 19.5 ) μg/L] (t =2 .76,P <0 .0 1) ,IL 6[( 0 .13± 0 .0 4) μg/L]的水平显著低于正常对照 [( 0 .2 3± 0 .0 5 ) μg/L ) (t =3 .3 9,P <0 .0 1) ,IL 4[( 2 5 4.2±78.0 ) μg/L]、IL 8[( 0 .49± 0 .16) μg/L]、TNF α[( 2 .76± 1.12 ) μg/L]的水平明显高于肺良性病患者 [( 63 .6± 18.6) μg/L ,( 0 .3 6± 0 .18) μg/L ,( 0 .96± 0 .2 0 ) μg/L]及正常对照 [( 60 .9± 19.6) μg/L ,( 0 .3 5± 0 .0 7) μg/L ,( 0 .93± 0 .19) μg/L] (t值分别为 4.10、4.89和 3 .76,P均 <0 .0 1) ,肺良性病患者和正常对照之间的IL 2、TNF α、IL 4、IL 8均未见明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,肺癌组IL 6的水平与肺良性病组 [( 0 .15± 0 .0 4)

TH_1/TH_2型细胞因子在月经周期内膜及早孕蜕膜中的表达及分析

目的 :探讨TH1 /TH2 型细胞因子在妊娠免疫耐受中的作用及意义 .方法 :采用免疫组化及原位杂交技术对 4 3例正常育龄妇女及 4 0例原因不明复发性流产妇女月经周期内膜及早孕蜕膜TH1 型细胞因子 (IL 2 ,TNF α) ,TH2 型细胞因子 (IL 6 ,IL 1 0 )进行标记和分析 .结果 :①IL 2 ,IL 2mR NA在复发性流产妇女增殖期、分泌期、早孕期子宫内膜腺上皮中的表达逐渐增高 ,且明显高于正常妇女组 (IL 2 :F =75 .2 91 ,P <0 .0 1 ;IL 2mRNA :F =93.972 ,P <0 .0 1 ) .②肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)在正常与流产组月经周期内膜及早孕期蜕膜中的表达均呈现逐渐增多趋势 ,但两组之间TNF α的表达均无显著性差异 (F =1 .0 71 ,P >0 .0 5 ) .③与IL 2 ,IL 2mRNA相反 ,IL 6 ,IL 1 0mRNA在正常妇女月经周期内膜及早孕蜕膜中的表达均逐渐增多 ,且明显高于复发性流产组(IL 6 :F =94 .4 2 1 ,P <0 .0 1 ;IL 1 0mRNA :F =2 6 9.75 2 ,P<0 .0 1 ) .结论 :IL 2在妊娠中起免疫排斥作用 ,过量表达会导致复发性流产 ;TNF α可能参与子宫内膜的增殖、生长及发育 ;IL 6 ,IL 1 0在正常妊娠中起着积极的免疫营养作用 .此结果提示 :成功的妊娠有赖于母胎界面免疫耐受中TH1

Effect of dexmedetomidine on Th1/Th2 cytokine and immune function in patients undergoing radical mastectomy

Objective: To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on Th1/Th2 cytokines and immune function in patients with breast cancer after radical mastectomy. Methods: In our hospital from July 2016 to July 2017 undergoing radical mastectomy for breast cancer were studied in 79 patients, were randomly divided into observation group and control group. Two groups of patients with routine preoperative preparation, monitoring blood pressure, electrocardiogram, heart rate, pulse, oxygen saturation, establish vein channel, using propofol, remifentanil, vecuronium induced anesthesia, observation group before induction of anesthesia, dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg, 10 min after infusion, followed by 0.5 μg/kg/h continuous infusion to the end of the operation, the control group with normal saline continuous infusion till the end of the operation. Two groups of patients before induction of anesthesia (T0), at the end of operation (T1), 6 h after operation (T2), 24 h after operation (T3), 72 h after operation (T4) from peripheral venous blood determination of interleukin-2 by ELISA method (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), calculated IFN-γ/IL-4 in T0, T2, T3, T4from peripheral blood. CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, NK cells were determined by flow cytometry and CD4+/CD8+ were calculated. Results: Two groups of IL-2 and IFN- in T1, T2, T3gamma, T4is higher than T0, IL-10 less than T0, and the observation group IFN-γ/IL-4 is higher than T0, the control group was lower than that of T0when compared with T0significant difference, 2 in group IL-4 had no obvious changes were observed in group IL-2;IFN-γ, IFN-γ/IL-4 in T1, T2, T3, T4higher than the control group, IL-10 was lower than the control group, significant difference between the 2 groups. CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, NK cells in T2group was lower than that of T0, T3, and CD8+ had no obvious change, compared with T0significant difference;the observation group CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, T2, T3in NK cells was higher than the control group, significant difference between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine can inhibit the stress response during the perioperative period of radical mastectomy, correct the balance disorder of Th1/Th2, improve the level of T lymphocyte subsets, and exert better immune protection function.

Analysis of Th1/Th2 Response Pattern for Erythrodermic Psoriasis

As one of the most serious types of psoriasis, pathogenesis of erythrodermic psoriasis（EP） is unclear so far. In this study, we aimed to detect the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokine-associated transcription factors and T-lymphocyte clone in peripheral blood mononuclear cells（PBMCs） derived from EP patients, and gene expression level of T-bet/GATA-3 in skin lesion. The potential role of Th1/Th2 reaction pattern played in the pathogenesis of EP was also discussed. Serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 were quantified by ELISA among 16 EP patients, 20 psoriasis vulgaris（PV） patients and 15 healthy controls. The expression levels of T-bet/GATA-3 in the skin lesion and PBMCs were examined by real-time qPCR. The ratio of Th1/Th2 was measured by flow cytometry. The levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 were higher in EP patients than in the healthy controls. The levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were 69.44±11.45 and 12.62±4.57 pg/mL, respectively, in EP patients, significantly higher than those in PV patients and healthy controls（P〈0.05）. Flow cytometry revealed the levels of both Th1 and Th2 in PBMCs from EP patients were higher than those in healthy controls, and the Th1/Th2 ratio was dramatically lower than in PV patients（P〈0.01）. The ratios of IFN-γ/IL-4 and T-bet/GATA-3 in EP patients were both less than 1.0, suggesting a reversal when compared with the other two groups. Our study indicated that the EP patients exerted a Th1/Th2 bidirectional response pattern, and the balance of Th cell subsets inclines to Th2, which might be one of the important mechanisms of EP pathogenesis.

Potential immunomodulatory role of sesamin in combating immune dysregulation associated with COVID-19

The ongoing outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has caused an unprecedented global health crisis.Development of a cure for this devastating disease is currently at full speed,with several vaccines against COVID-19 already authorized and administered.Currently,demand for these vaccines far exceeds supply.As such,boosting immunity represents a viable route to halt the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 and limit fatalities until vaccines become more readily and widely available.The use of phytochemicals appears to be a promising panacea.Sesamin,a lignan isolated from Sesamum indicum seeds,is known for its potent pharmacological properties,and is therefore hypothesized as a potential candidate in the therapeutic regimen against COVID-19.Herein,we highlight the confirmed therapeutic anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory potential of sesamin against myriads of respiratory disorders,and tentatively suggest that sesamin may exert similar potent effects against COVID-19.Precisely,we speculate that sesamin may help alleviate COVID-19 via restoring Th1/Th2 balance and preventing inflammation and cytokine storm development.Additionally,we further support the promising role of sesamin against COVID-19 by underscoring the direct evidence,which suggests that sesamin may demonstrate promising inhibitory potential against three important SARS-CoV-2 targets,namely main protease,spike protein,and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor.Although preliminary,there is ample evidence to propose sesamin as a potential phytotherapeutic and prophylactic candidate against COVID-19.Further in vitro,in vivo,and preclinical studies are required to further substantiate the role of sesamin in the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19.

慢性乙型肝炎患者IFN-r、IL-2、IL-4、IL-10的活性测定及其相关性研究

目的 :探讨慢性乙型肝炎 (CHB)患者外周血单个核细胞 (PBMC)Th1 、Th2 两类细胞因子的分泌情况及其对肝功能的影响。方法 :以夹心ELISA法检测 41例CHB患者PBMC经PHA刺激后 ,培养上清液中Th1类细胞因子 (IFN -r、IL -2 )和Th2 类细胞因子 (IL -4、IL -10 )的活性 ,PCR法检测患者外周血清HBVDNA。结果 :CHB患者无论血清HBVDNA阳性组还是阴性组 ,IL -2活性较对照组显著降低 (P <0 0 1) ,IFN -r降低 ,但差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 ) ;血清HBVDNA阳性组IL -2活性较HBVDNA阴性组显著增高 (P <0 0 1) ,IL -10显著降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,IL -4降低但无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;血清HBVDNA阳性组ALT与GGT活性显著高于阴性组 ( P <0 0 5 )。结论 :在CHB患者体内存在着Th1 、Th2 免疫应答失衡 ,Th1、Th2两类细胞因子水平的改变引起细胞免疫功能紊乱 ,由此造成HBV持续性感染及肝损伤。

Effect of Chinese Herbal Treatment on Th1- and Th2-Type Cytokines,Progesterone andβ-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Early Pregnant Women of Threatened Abortion

Objective： To study the clinical effects of Prescription Zhuyun-Ⅲ （助孕3号方, ZYⅢ） on early pregnant women diagnosed as threatened abortion, and its mechanism in immunity and endocrine by determining serum Th1- and Th2-type cytokines, progesterone, and β-human chorionic gonadotropin （β-HCG）. Methods： The treatment group comprised 30 early pregnant women diagnosed as threatened abortion of deficiency syndrome of Pi （脾）, Shen （肾）, or both. The control group consisted of 20 normal early pregnant women of similar gestational age. Patients in the treatment group were administered with ZYⅢ for 4 weeks. Peripheral blood samples were collected pre- and post-treatment from both the treatment and the control groups. Serum Thl-type cytokine [interleukin-2 （IL-2）] and Th2-type cytokine [interleukin-10 （IL-10）] were determined by flow cytometry, and serum progesterone and 13-HCG were determined by ELISA. Results： （1） The treatment was effective in 26 and ineffective in 4 patients of the treatment group. Therefore, the cure percentage was 86.67%. （2） In the treatment group before the treatment, IL-2 was significantly higher, IL-10 tended to be less, and the Th1/Th2 balance shifted toward Thl compared with those in the control group. （3） After the treatment, IL-2 was decreased, IL-10 was increased, and IL-2/IL-10 was decreased. Both progesterone and β-HCG were increased. Changes of progesterone were positively correlated with changes of IL-10, whereas changes of β-HCG were negatively correlated with changes of IL-2. Conclusions： Our study suggests that ZYⅢ has an evident function of protecting the fetus, and one of its mechanisms is inhibiting the secretion of Thl cytokines, promoting the secretion of Th2 cytokines, and recovering the pathological shift of the Th1/Th2 balance. The other possible mechanism is increasing serum progesterone and β-HCG concentrations. Moreover, there are some correlations between the above two effects.

Effect of Early Intensive Insulin Therapy on Immune Function of Aged Patients with Severe Trauma

This study examined the effect of intensive insulin therapy on immune function and inflammatory factors at the early phase after severe trauma. At day 1, 3, 5, 7 after admission, subsets of CD4＋ helper T lymphocytes （Th1/Th2） and human leukocyte antigen （HLA）-DR expression on CD14＋ monocytes were flow cytometrically measured. Levels of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）, interleukin-6 （IL-6）, interleukin-10 （IL-10） and other immunity markers, such as IgA, IgG, IgM, C3, C4 and C reaction protein （CRP） were examined in two groups. The results showed that TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP levels in the intensive insulin therapy group were significantly lower than those in the conventional therapy group, whereas IL-10 levels were substantially increased after intensive insulin therapy. C3 level at day 3, 5, 7 and C4 levels at day 5, 7 were lower in the intensive therapy group than in the conventional therapy group. Th1/Th2 ratios decreased gradually over time in both groups, and were much lower at day 3, 5, 7 in intensive therapy group. There were significant differences among day 3 to day 7 after admission in HLA-DR expression in CD14＋ monocytes. It was concluded that the intensive insulin therapy could decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase anti-inflammatory cytokines in the elderly suffering from severe trauma, at the same time, with complement recovery being delayed. Moreover, intensive insulin therapy promoted immune suppression and, therefore, measures need be taken to address the issue.

Influence of the invasion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by hepatitis B virus on immune response of the patients with chronic hepatitis B

Objective:To exploretheinfluenceof HBVinvasionintoperipheralbloodmononuclearcells(PBMC)on theimmuneresponseof patientswithchronichepatitisB.Method s:Thecytokinelevelsintheculturesupernatantof PBMCfrom56patientswithchronichepatitisB weredeterminedby ELISA,andPCRwasemployedto amplifythe HBVDNA.Results:Thelevelsof IFN-γinpatientswithhepatitisB waslowerthanthosetof thecontrol,butthe differencewasnotstatisticallysignificant,whilethelevelsof IL-4weresignificantlyhigherthanthoseof thecontrol(P<0.01).Theserumlevelsof HBVDNAwerenegativelycorrelatedwiththatof IFN-γin culturesupernatantsof PBMC.Thirty-fivepatientspositiveof HBVDNA inthePBMCswereidentifiedfrom56patientswithhepatitisB,andtheirIFN-γlevelprovedto be significantlydifferent.Conclusions:Th2cell-mediatedimmuneresponseis predo-minantin chronichepatitisB whichis associatedwiththechronicityof HBVinfection.HBVinvasionintothe PBMCsmayaffectTh1andTh2cell-mediatedimmuneresponseof thepatientswithchronichepatitisB.

Effects of combined immune therapy on survival and Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in rat orthotopic liver transplantation

Background The induction of immune tolerance and suppression of allograft rejection has become the focus in the study of liver transplantation. The effect of immune therapy with anti-CD40L mAb alone or in combination with cyclosporine A （CsA） on the recipient survival and Th1/Th2 cytokine profile was studied to elucidate its immunological mechanism and role in rat orthotopic liver transplantation.Methods The model of rat orthotopic liver transplantation was established by modified Kamada＇s technique. Recipients were divided into group A （control group）： SD→SD; group B （group of rejection）： SD→Wistar without any treatment; group C： SD→Wistar with CsA monotherapy from day 1 to day 5; and group D： SD→Wistar with CsA from day 1 to day 5 and anti-CD40L mAb on day 0 and day 2. The survival of the recipients in all groups was observed and ELISA technique was used to detect the level of cytokines in peripheral blood on post-transplant day 7.Results The survival period of recipients in groups A （〉60 days） and D （〉60 days） was significantly longer than that in group B （13.8±2.4 days）. The serum levels of interleukin 2 （IL-2） and interferon y in group B were significantly higher than those in other groups; the level of tumor necrosis factor a was higher but not statistically significant. In contrast, the serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in group D were elevated more significantly than those in group B （P〈0.05）.Conclusions Combined immune therapy can prolong the survival of al log rafts. Increased expression of Th2 cytokines, which is closely related to the induction of tolerance and suppression of rejection, is beneficial to the long-term survival of recipients and allografts.