High-frequency oscillation(HFO)of gridconnected wind power generation systems(WPGS)is one of the most critical issues in recent years that threaten the safe access of WPGS to the grid.Ensuring the WPGS can damp HFO is...High-frequency oscillation(HFO)of gridconnected wind power generation systems(WPGS)is one of the most critical issues in recent years that threaten the safe access of WPGS to the grid.Ensuring the WPGS can damp HFO is becoming more and more vital for the development of wind power.The HFO phenomenon of wind turbines under different scenarios usually has different mechanisms.Hence,engineers need to acquire the working mechanisms of the different HFO damping technologies and select the appropriate one to ensure the effective implementation of oscillation damping in practical engineering.This paper introduces the general assumptions of WPGS when analyzing HFO,systematically summarizes the reasons for the occurrence of HFO in different scenarios,deeply analyses the key points and difficulties of HFO damping under different scenarios,and then compares the technical performances of various types of HFO suppression methods to provide adequate references for engineers in the application of technology.Finally,this paper discusses possible future research difficulties in the problem of HFO,as well as the possible future trends in the demand for HFO damping.展开更多
To solve the problem of residual wind power in offshore wind farms,a hydrogen production system with a reasonable capacity was configured to enhance the local load of wind farms and promote the local consumption of re...To solve the problem of residual wind power in offshore wind farms,a hydrogen production system with a reasonable capacity was configured to enhance the local load of wind farms and promote the local consumption of residual wind power.By studying the mathematical model of wind power output and calculating surplus wind power,as well as considering the hydrogen production/storage characteristics of the electrolyzer and hydrogen storage tank,an innovative capacity optimization allocation model was established.The objective of the model was to achieve the lowest total net present value over the entire life cycle.The model took into account the cost-benefit breakdown of equipment end-of-life cost,replacement cost,residual value gain,wind abandonment penalty,hydrogen transportation,and environmental value.The MATLAB-based platform invoked the CPLEX commercial solver to solve the model.Combined with the analysis of the annual average wind speed data from an offshore wind farm in Guangdong Province,the optimal capacity configuration results and the actual operation of the hydrogen production system were obtained.Under the calculation scenario,this hydrogen production system could consume 3,800 MWh of residual electricity from offshore wind power each year.It could achieve complete consumption of residual electricity from wind power without incurring the penalty cost of wind power.Additionally,it could produce 66,500 kg of green hydrogen from wind power,resulting in hydrogen sales revenue of 3.63 million RMB.It would also reduce pollutant emissions from coal-based hydrogen production by 1.5 tons and realize an environmental value of 4.83 million RMB.The annual net operating income exceeded 6 million RMB and the whole life cycle NPV income exceeded 50 million RMB.These results verified the feasibility and rationality of the established capacity optimization allocation model.The model could help advance power system planning and operation research and assist offshore wind farm operators in improving economic and environmental benefits.展开更多
Energy storage systems(ESS)and permanent magnet synchronous generators(PMSG)are speculated to be able to exhibit frequency regulation capabilities by adding differential and proportional control loops with different c...Energy storage systems(ESS)and permanent magnet synchronous generators(PMSG)are speculated to be able to exhibit frequency regulation capabilities by adding differential and proportional control loops with different control objectives.The available PMSG kinetic energy and charging/discharging capacities of the ESS were restricted.To improve the inertia response and frequency control capability,we propose a short-term frequency support strategy for the ESS and PMSG.To this end,the weights were embedded in the control loops to adjust the participation of the differential and proportional controls based on the system frequency excursion.The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy was verified using PSCAD/EMTDC.The simulations revealed that the proposed strategy could improve the maximum rate of change of the frequency nadir and maximum frequency excursion.Therefore,it provides a promising solution of ancillary services for frequency regulation of PMSG and ESS.展开更多
In China, regions with abundant wind energy resources are generally located at the end of power grids. The power grid architecture in these regions is typically not sufficiently strong, and the energy structure is rel...In China, regions with abundant wind energy resources are generally located at the end of power grids. The power grid architecture in these regions is typically not sufficiently strong, and the energy structure is relatively simple. Thus, connecting large-capacity wind power units complicates the peak load regulation and stable operation of the power grids in these regions. Most wind turbines use power electronic converter technology, which affects the safety and stability of the power grid differently compared with conventional synchronous generators. Furthermore, fluctuations in wind power cause fluctuations in the output of wind farms, making it difficult to create and implement suitable power generation plans for wind farms. The generation technology and grid connection scheme for wind power and conventional thermal power generation differ considerably. Moreover, the active and reactive power control abilities of wind turbines are weaker than those of thermal power units, necessitating additional equipment to control wind turbines. Hence, to address the aforementioned issues with large-scale wind power generation, this study analyzes the differences between the grid connection and collection strategies for wind power bases and thermal power plants. Based on this analysis, the differences in the power control modes of wind power and thermal power are further investigated. Finally, the stability of different control modes is analyzed through simulation. The findings can be beneficial for the planning and development of large-scale wind power generation farms.展开更多
Wind turbine is a key device to realize the utilization of wind energy,and it has been highly valued by all countries.But the mechanical gear transmission of the existing wind power device has the disadvantages of hig...Wind turbine is a key device to realize the utilization of wind energy,and it has been highly valued by all countries.But the mechanical gear transmission of the existing wind power device has the disadvantages of high vibration and noise,high failure rate,and short service time.Magneticfield modulation electromagnetic gear transmission is a new non-contact transmission method.However,the conventional modulation magnetic gear has low torque density and torque defects with largefluctuations.In order to overcome the gear transmis-sion problems of the existing semi-direct drive wind power generation machinery and improve the electromag-netic performance of the traditional magnetic gear transmission,this paper proposes a new transmission scheme of a non-contact semi-direct drive wind generator with a surface mount Halbach array modulated mag-netic gear method,and considers the electromagnetic properties of the semi-direct drive modulation magnetic gear of the wind turbine.Thefinite element software is used to construct the model of the surface-mounted Halbach array magnetic gear and the conventional gear,analyzed the distribution of magneticfield lines of the two magnetic gears,calculated the air gap magneticflux density of the inner and outer air gap,and obtained the main harmonics of the inner and outer air gap magnetic density;calculated the static torque and steady-state operating torque of the inner and outer rotors in the model,compared the air gapflux density,harmonics and torque of the magnetic gears.The simulation results show that the magneticfield modulation type mag-netic gear of the surface mount Halbach array magnetic gear method improves the magnetic induction wave-form of the inner and outer air gap,reduces the pulse torquefluctuation,and has a 60%higher static torque.Applying it to semi-direct drive wind power generation equipment not only overcomes the shortcomings of mechanical gears,but also has higher electromagnetic performance.Therefore,the surface-mounted Halbach array modulated magnetic gear can be used to replace the mechanical gearbox in the semi-direct drive wind power generation equipment.展开更多
Although transmission systems are able to cover most of the areas in many countries, there are still some isolated areas such as rural counties and remote desert lands where grid power cannot be accessed. Therefore, a...Although transmission systems are able to cover most of the areas in many countries, there are still some isolated areas such as rural counties and remote desert lands where grid power cannot be accessed. Therefore, a reliable and economical power supply scheme is required to solve the problem. One of them combines wind/solar power generation with the support of storage system. This paper is to give an overview of the optimization methodologies about the wind/solar stand-alone system supported by storage systems or integrating with other renewable or conventional power generation sources. It is shown that continued research and optimization methodology in this area are still in great need for performance improvement.展开更多
The gap between energy demand and its generation is constantly widening. People have started giving more emphasis on renewable sources of energy. This paper presents the estimation of potential for wind energy generat...The gap between energy demand and its generation is constantly widening. People have started giving more emphasis on renewable sources of energy. This paper presents the estimation of potential for wind energy generation maps based on fixed wind turbine capacity. Although wind energy has developed substantially in recent years, we have only wind speed and wind potential density maps. Our attempt here is to generate wind energy generation potential maps. Major step in achieving this goal is modeling of wind energy conversion system using TRNSYS software. The model consists of three main components namely the weather, the turbines and energy conversion parameters. The weather data are provided from the meteorological database, namely Meteonorm. The simulated output is compared with actual wind generation of wind farms. After comparing our model results with the existing wind energy generation data, we have extended to compute the wind energy generation for all locations in India. For simulation, 4691 locations are identified considering 0.25° × 0.25° interval. The energy generation simulated data are compiled and developed into maps that are useful to all wind energy developers. The data generated and presented in the form of maps are for all the 30 states of India.展开更多
Making full use of wind power is one of the main purposes of the wind turbine generator control. Conventional hill climbing search (HCS) method can realize the maximum power point tracking (MPPT). However, the ste...Making full use of wind power is one of the main purposes of the wind turbine generator control. Conventional hill climbing search (HCS) method can realize the maximum power point tracking (MPPT). However, the step size of HCS method is constant so that it cannot consider both steady-state response and dynamic response. A fuzzy logical control (FLC) algorithm is proposed to solve this problem in this paper, which can track the maximum power point (MPP) quickly and smoothly. To evaluate MPPT algorithms, four performance indices are also proposed in this paper. They are the energy captured by wind turbine, the maximum power-point tracking time when wind speed changes slowly, the fluctuation magnitude of real power during steady state, and the energy captured by wind turbine when wind speed changes fast. Three cases are designed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink respectively. The comparison of the three MPPT strategies concludes that the proposed fuzzy logical control algorithm is more superior to the conventional HCS algorithms.展开更多
This paper proposes a design and implementation of the bi-directional DC-DC converter for Wind Energy Conversion System. The proposed project consists of boost DC/DC converter, bi-directional DC/DC converter (BDC), pe...This paper proposes a design and implementation of the bi-directional DC-DC converter for Wind Energy Conversion System. The proposed project consists of boost DC/DC converter, bi-directional DC/DC converter (BDC), permanent magnet DC generator and batteries. A DC-DC boost converter is interface with proposed wind system to step up the initial generator voltage and maintain constant output voltage. The fluctuation nature of wind makes them unsuitable for standalone operation. To overcome the drawbacks an energy storage device is used in the proposed system to compensate the fluctuations and to maintain a smooth and continuous power flow in all operating modes to load. Bi-directional DC-DC converter (BDC) is capable of transforming energy between two DC buses. It can operate as a boost converter which supplies energy to the load when the wind generator output power is greater than the required load power. It also operates in buck mode which charges from DC bus when output power is less than the required load power. The proposed converter reduces the component losses and increases the performance of the overall system. The complete system is implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK and verified with hardware.展开更多
Due to environmental conditions, the wind power generation is fluctuating in nature. This affects the electrical network interconnected with these systems. When the wind power generators are connected to the nonlinear...Due to environmental conditions, the wind power generation is fluctuating in nature. This affects the electrical network interconnected with these systems. When the wind power generators are connected to the nonlinear loads, there is distortion in the waveform. These distortions should be within limits according to national and international guidelines framed for power quality. This paper presents a mitigation technique with a shunt active filter, which reduces harmonic distortion to the permitted limit. Sine pulse width modulation (SPWM) control scheme is used to control shunt active filter. This technique eliminates harmonic distortion and maintains unity power factor. The simulation for proposed method is carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK and results are validated.展开更多
The first phase project of Huitengxile Wind Power Generation Farm in Inner Mongolia, with nine 600 kW wind power generators installed, was formally put into commercial operation on November 28,
Demand Response(DR)is one of the most cost-effective and unfailing techniques used by utilities for consumer load shifting.This research paper presents different DR programs in deregulated environments.The description...Demand Response(DR)is one of the most cost-effective and unfailing techniques used by utilities for consumer load shifting.This research paper presents different DR programs in deregulated environments.The description and the classification of DR along with their potential benefits and associated cost components are presented.In addition,most DR measurement indices and their evaluation are also highlighted.Initially,the economic load model incorporated thermal,wind,and energy storage by considering the elasticity market price from its calculated locational marginal pricing(LMP).The various DR programs like direct load control,critical peak pricing,real-time pricing,time of use,and capacity market programs are considered during this study.The effect of demand response in electricity prices is highlighted using a simulated study on IEEE 30 bus system.Simulation is done by the Shuffled Frog Leap Algorithm(SFLA).Comprehensive performance comparison on voltage deviations,losses,and cost with and without considering DR is also presented in this paper.展开更多
Frequency regulation of voltage source converter-based multi-terminal high-voltage direct current(VSC-MTDC)system with offshore wind farms enhances the frequency stability by compensating the power for a disturbed AC ...Frequency regulation of voltage source converter-based multi-terminal high-voltage direct current(VSC-MTDC)system with offshore wind farms enhances the frequency stability by compensating the power for a disturbed AC system.However,it is difficult to reasonably allocate frequency-regulation resources due to a lack of coordination mechanisms between wind farms and the MTDC system.Moreover,it is difficult for the frequency control of the wind farms to manage changes in wind speed;and the risk of wind-turbine stalls is high.Thus,based on the kinetic energy of wind turbines and the power margin of the converters,the frequency-regulation capability of wind turbines is evaluated,and a dynamic frequency-support scheme considering the real-time frequency-support capability of the wind turbines and system frequency evolution is proposed to improve the frequency-support performance.A power adaptation technique at variable wind speeds is developed;the active power in the frequency-support stage and restoration stage is switched according to the wind speed.A hierarchical zoning frequency-regulation scheme is designed to use the frequency-regulation resources of different links in the MTDC system with wind farms.The simulation results show that the novel frequency-regulation strategy maintains frequency stability with wind-speed changes and avoids multiple frequency dips.展开更多
This paper presents a robust interval economic dispatch(RIED)model for power systems with large-scale wind power integration.Differing from existing interval optimization(IO)approaches that merely rely on the upper an...This paper presents a robust interval economic dispatch(RIED)model for power systems with large-scale wind power integration.Differing from existing interval optimization(IO)approaches that merely rely on the upper and lower boundaries of random variables,the distribution information retained in the historical data is introduced to the IO method in this paper.Based on the available probability distribution function(PDF),wind power curtailment and load shedding are quantified as the operational risk and incorporated into the decision-making process.In this model,we need not rely on the forecasted value of wind power,which is randomly fluctuating and quite unpredictable.Furthermore,when the PDFs of wind power are taken into account,the resulting dispatch solution makes a good tradeoff between the generation cost and the operational risk.Finally,the RIED model yields an optimal dispatch solution for thermal units and the allowable intervals of wind power for the wind farms,which efficiently mitigates the uncertainty in wind power generation and provides more practical suggestions for system operators.Simulation studies are conducted on a modified IEEE-118 bus system and the results verify the effectiveness of the proposed RIED model.展开更多
The waters renewal of the fishery harbor of Nea Krini is presented here. The harbor is located at the east Thessaloniki Gulf (NE Thermaikos Gulf, Greece). The main research point is focused on the environmental state ...The waters renewal of the fishery harbor of Nea Krini is presented here. The harbor is located at the east Thessaloniki Gulf (NE Thermaikos Gulf, Greece). The main research point is focused on the environmental state of the harbor which is under construction. Under that point of view, the description of a two-dimensional, depth average, hydrodynamic model follows, in order to simulate the wind generated circulation of waters, initially on the greater area of Thermaikos Gulf and then on the coastal basin of the fishing harbor. The renewal of waters in the harbor’s basin is subsequently studied. Tidal effects on the waters’ renewal are also studied. The calculation of the concentration of Biochemically Oxygen Demand (BOD) in the fishing harbor for the average time of waters’ renewal is then examined for three different cases, concerning the existence and operation of openings on the body of the groins. Finally, the analysis of the results shows a good environmental state of the harbor. It is obvious that the use of numerical models for different scenarios of engineering and design approaches can lead to the prognosis of hydrodynamic and environmental sate of a harbor’s basin so that the best possible technical design can be adopted.展开更多
North African countries generally have strategic demands for energy transformation and sustainable development.Renewable energy development is important to achieve this goal.Considering three typical types of renewabl...North African countries generally have strategic demands for energy transformation and sustainable development.Renewable energy development is important to achieve this goal.Considering three typical types of renewable energies—wind,photovoltaic(PV),and concentrating solar power(CSP)—an optimal planning model is established to minimize construction costs and power curtailment losses.The levelized cost of electricity is used as an index for assessing economic feasibility.In this study,wind and PV,wind/PV/CSP,and transnational interconnection modes are designed for Morocco,Egypt,and Tunisia.The installed capacities of renewable energy power generation are planned through the time sequence production simulation method for each country.The results show that renewable energy combined with power generation,including the CSP mode,can improve reliability of the power supply and reduce the power curtailment rate.The transnational interconnection mode can help realize mutual benefits of renewable energy power,while the apportionment of electricity prices and trading mechanisms are very important and are related to economic feasibility;thus,this mode is important for the future development of renewable energy in North Africa.展开更多
The fully developed túrbulent flows over wavy boundaries are investigated by means of the k-ε model.Predicted flow characteristics over rigid wavy walls are in good agreement with the availa- ble experimental da...The fully developed túrbulent flows over wavy boundaries are investigated by means of the k-ε model.Predicted flow characteristics over rigid wavy walls are in good agreement with the availa- ble experimental data.Moreover drag reduction has been found in a 2-dimensional channel with periodi- cal wavy walls.The energy input from turbulent wind to regular waves is also studied in the paper by the same turbulence model with carefully posed boundary conditions at wind-wave interface.Better agreement has been obtained in the prediction of the growth rates of wind waves as compared with the previous theoretical and numerical results.展开更多
基金supported in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant 2682023CX019National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant U23B6007 and Grant 52307141Sichuan Science and Technology Program under Grant 2024NSFSC0115。
文摘High-frequency oscillation(HFO)of gridconnected wind power generation systems(WPGS)is one of the most critical issues in recent years that threaten the safe access of WPGS to the grid.Ensuring the WPGS can damp HFO is becoming more and more vital for the development of wind power.The HFO phenomenon of wind turbines under different scenarios usually has different mechanisms.Hence,engineers need to acquire the working mechanisms of the different HFO damping technologies and select the appropriate one to ensure the effective implementation of oscillation damping in practical engineering.This paper introduces the general assumptions of WPGS when analyzing HFO,systematically summarizes the reasons for the occurrence of HFO in different scenarios,deeply analyses the key points and difficulties of HFO damping under different scenarios,and then compares the technical performances of various types of HFO suppression methods to provide adequate references for engineers in the application of technology.Finally,this paper discusses possible future research difficulties in the problem of HFO,as well as the possible future trends in the demand for HFO damping.
基金supported by Manage Innovation Project of China Southern Power Grid Co.,Ltd.(No.GZHKJXM20210232).
文摘To solve the problem of residual wind power in offshore wind farms,a hydrogen production system with a reasonable capacity was configured to enhance the local load of wind farms and promote the local consumption of residual wind power.By studying the mathematical model of wind power output and calculating surplus wind power,as well as considering the hydrogen production/storage characteristics of the electrolyzer and hydrogen storage tank,an innovative capacity optimization allocation model was established.The objective of the model was to achieve the lowest total net present value over the entire life cycle.The model took into account the cost-benefit breakdown of equipment end-of-life cost,replacement cost,residual value gain,wind abandonment penalty,hydrogen transportation,and environmental value.The MATLAB-based platform invoked the CPLEX commercial solver to solve the model.Combined with the analysis of the annual average wind speed data from an offshore wind farm in Guangdong Province,the optimal capacity configuration results and the actual operation of the hydrogen production system were obtained.Under the calculation scenario,this hydrogen production system could consume 3,800 MWh of residual electricity from offshore wind power each year.It could achieve complete consumption of residual electricity from wind power without incurring the penalty cost of wind power.Additionally,it could produce 66,500 kg of green hydrogen from wind power,resulting in hydrogen sales revenue of 3.63 million RMB.It would also reduce pollutant emissions from coal-based hydrogen production by 1.5 tons and realize an environmental value of 4.83 million RMB.The annual net operating income exceeded 6 million RMB and the whole life cycle NPV income exceeded 50 million RMB.These results verified the feasibility and rationality of the established capacity optimization allocation model.The model could help advance power system planning and operation research and assist offshore wind farm operators in improving economic and environmental benefits.
基金supported by Open Fund of National Engineering Research Center for Offshore Wind Power“Stabilization Mechanism and Control Technology of the Intelligent Wind-Storage Integration System Based on Voltage-Source and Self-Synchronizing Control(HSFD22007)”.
文摘Energy storage systems(ESS)and permanent magnet synchronous generators(PMSG)are speculated to be able to exhibit frequency regulation capabilities by adding differential and proportional control loops with different control objectives.The available PMSG kinetic energy and charging/discharging capacities of the ESS were restricted.To improve the inertia response and frequency control capability,we propose a short-term frequency support strategy for the ESS and PMSG.To this end,the weights were embedded in the control loops to adjust the participation of the differential and proportional controls based on the system frequency excursion.The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy was verified using PSCAD/EMTDC.The simulations revealed that the proposed strategy could improve the maximum rate of change of the frequency nadir and maximum frequency excursion.Therefore,it provides a promising solution of ancillary services for frequency regulation of PMSG and ESS.
基金This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB0904000).
文摘In China, regions with abundant wind energy resources are generally located at the end of power grids. The power grid architecture in these regions is typically not sufficiently strong, and the energy structure is relatively simple. Thus, connecting large-capacity wind power units complicates the peak load regulation and stable operation of the power grids in these regions. Most wind turbines use power electronic converter technology, which affects the safety and stability of the power grid differently compared with conventional synchronous generators. Furthermore, fluctuations in wind power cause fluctuations in the output of wind farms, making it difficult to create and implement suitable power generation plans for wind farms. The generation technology and grid connection scheme for wind power and conventional thermal power generation differ considerably. Moreover, the active and reactive power control abilities of wind turbines are weaker than those of thermal power units, necessitating additional equipment to control wind turbines. Hence, to address the aforementioned issues with large-scale wind power generation, this study analyzes the differences between the grid connection and collection strategies for wind power bases and thermal power plants. Based on this analysis, the differences in the power control modes of wind power and thermal power are further investigated. Finally, the stability of different control modes is analyzed through simulation. The findings can be beneficial for the planning and development of large-scale wind power generation farms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51765020)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(Grant No.20161BAB206153).
文摘Wind turbine is a key device to realize the utilization of wind energy,and it has been highly valued by all countries.But the mechanical gear transmission of the existing wind power device has the disadvantages of high vibration and noise,high failure rate,and short service time.Magneticfield modulation electromagnetic gear transmission is a new non-contact transmission method.However,the conventional modulation magnetic gear has low torque density and torque defects with largefluctuations.In order to overcome the gear transmis-sion problems of the existing semi-direct drive wind power generation machinery and improve the electromag-netic performance of the traditional magnetic gear transmission,this paper proposes a new transmission scheme of a non-contact semi-direct drive wind generator with a surface mount Halbach array modulated mag-netic gear method,and considers the electromagnetic properties of the semi-direct drive modulation magnetic gear of the wind turbine.Thefinite element software is used to construct the model of the surface-mounted Halbach array magnetic gear and the conventional gear,analyzed the distribution of magneticfield lines of the two magnetic gears,calculated the air gap magneticflux density of the inner and outer air gap,and obtained the main harmonics of the inner and outer air gap magnetic density;calculated the static torque and steady-state operating torque of the inner and outer rotors in the model,compared the air gapflux density,harmonics and torque of the magnetic gears.The simulation results show that the magneticfield modulation type mag-netic gear of the surface mount Halbach array magnetic gear method improves the magnetic induction wave-form of the inner and outer air gap,reduces the pulse torquefluctuation,and has a 60%higher static torque.Applying it to semi-direct drive wind power generation equipment not only overcomes the shortcomings of mechanical gears,but also has higher electromagnetic performance.Therefore,the surface-mounted Halbach array modulated magnetic gear can be used to replace the mechanical gearbox in the semi-direct drive wind power generation equipment.
文摘Although transmission systems are able to cover most of the areas in many countries, there are still some isolated areas such as rural counties and remote desert lands where grid power cannot be accessed. Therefore, a reliable and economical power supply scheme is required to solve the problem. One of them combines wind/solar power generation with the support of storage system. This paper is to give an overview of the optimization methodologies about the wind/solar stand-alone system supported by storage systems or integrating with other renewable or conventional power generation sources. It is shown that continued research and optimization methodology in this area are still in great need for performance improvement.
文摘The gap between energy demand and its generation is constantly widening. People have started giving more emphasis on renewable sources of energy. This paper presents the estimation of potential for wind energy generation maps based on fixed wind turbine capacity. Although wind energy has developed substantially in recent years, we have only wind speed and wind potential density maps. Our attempt here is to generate wind energy generation potential maps. Major step in achieving this goal is modeling of wind energy conversion system using TRNSYS software. The model consists of three main components namely the weather, the turbines and energy conversion parameters. The weather data are provided from the meteorological database, namely Meteonorm. The simulated output is compared with actual wind generation of wind farms. After comparing our model results with the existing wind energy generation data, we have extended to compute the wind energy generation for all locations in India. For simulation, 4691 locations are identified considering 0.25° × 0.25° interval. The energy generation simulated data are compiled and developed into maps that are useful to all wind energy developers. The data generated and presented in the form of maps are for all the 30 states of India.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2011AA05S113Major State Basic Research Development Program under Grant No.2012CB215106+1 种基金Science and Technology Plan Program in Zhejiang Province under Grant No.2009C34013National Science and Technology Supporting Plan Project under Grant No.2009BAG12A09
文摘Making full use of wind power is one of the main purposes of the wind turbine generator control. Conventional hill climbing search (HCS) method can realize the maximum power point tracking (MPPT). However, the step size of HCS method is constant so that it cannot consider both steady-state response and dynamic response. A fuzzy logical control (FLC) algorithm is proposed to solve this problem in this paper, which can track the maximum power point (MPP) quickly and smoothly. To evaluate MPPT algorithms, four performance indices are also proposed in this paper. They are the energy captured by wind turbine, the maximum power-point tracking time when wind speed changes slowly, the fluctuation magnitude of real power during steady state, and the energy captured by wind turbine when wind speed changes fast. Three cases are designed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink respectively. The comparison of the three MPPT strategies concludes that the proposed fuzzy logical control algorithm is more superior to the conventional HCS algorithms.
文摘This paper proposes a design and implementation of the bi-directional DC-DC converter for Wind Energy Conversion System. The proposed project consists of boost DC/DC converter, bi-directional DC/DC converter (BDC), permanent magnet DC generator and batteries. A DC-DC boost converter is interface with proposed wind system to step up the initial generator voltage and maintain constant output voltage. The fluctuation nature of wind makes them unsuitable for standalone operation. To overcome the drawbacks an energy storage device is used in the proposed system to compensate the fluctuations and to maintain a smooth and continuous power flow in all operating modes to load. Bi-directional DC-DC converter (BDC) is capable of transforming energy between two DC buses. It can operate as a boost converter which supplies energy to the load when the wind generator output power is greater than the required load power. It also operates in buck mode which charges from DC bus when output power is less than the required load power. The proposed converter reduces the component losses and increases the performance of the overall system. The complete system is implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK and verified with hardware.
文摘Due to environmental conditions, the wind power generation is fluctuating in nature. This affects the electrical network interconnected with these systems. When the wind power generators are connected to the nonlinear loads, there is distortion in the waveform. These distortions should be within limits according to national and international guidelines framed for power quality. This paper presents a mitigation technique with a shunt active filter, which reduces harmonic distortion to the permitted limit. Sine pulse width modulation (SPWM) control scheme is used to control shunt active filter. This technique eliminates harmonic distortion and maintains unity power factor. The simulation for proposed method is carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK and results are validated.
文摘The first phase project of Huitengxile Wind Power Generation Farm in Inner Mongolia, with nine 600 kW wind power generators installed, was formally put into commercial operation on November 28,
文摘Demand Response(DR)is one of the most cost-effective and unfailing techniques used by utilities for consumer load shifting.This research paper presents different DR programs in deregulated environments.The description and the classification of DR along with their potential benefits and associated cost components are presented.In addition,most DR measurement indices and their evaluation are also highlighted.Initially,the economic load model incorporated thermal,wind,and energy storage by considering the elasticity market price from its calculated locational marginal pricing(LMP).The various DR programs like direct load control,critical peak pricing,real-time pricing,time of use,and capacity market programs are considered during this study.The effect of demand response in electricity prices is highlighted using a simulated study on IEEE 30 bus system.Simulation is done by the Shuffled Frog Leap Algorithm(SFLA).Comprehensive performance comparison on voltage deviations,losses,and cost with and without considering DR is also presented in this paper.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB2402700).
文摘Frequency regulation of voltage source converter-based multi-terminal high-voltage direct current(VSC-MTDC)system with offshore wind farms enhances the frequency stability by compensating the power for a disturbed AC system.However,it is difficult to reasonably allocate frequency-regulation resources due to a lack of coordination mechanisms between wind farms and the MTDC system.Moreover,it is difficult for the frequency control of the wind farms to manage changes in wind speed;and the risk of wind-turbine stalls is high.Thus,based on the kinetic energy of wind turbines and the power margin of the converters,the frequency-regulation capability of wind turbines is evaluated,and a dynamic frequency-support scheme considering the real-time frequency-support capability of the wind turbines and system frequency evolution is proposed to improve the frequency-support performance.A power adaptation technique at variable wind speeds is developed;the active power in the frequency-support stage and restoration stage is switched according to the wind speed.A hierarchical zoning frequency-regulation scheme is designed to use the frequency-regulation resources of different links in the MTDC system with wind farms.The simulation results show that the novel frequency-regulation strategy maintains frequency stability with wind-speed changes and avoids multiple frequency dips.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51937005)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2019A1515010689)the Oversea Study Program of Guangzhou Elite Project(GEP).
文摘This paper presents a robust interval economic dispatch(RIED)model for power systems with large-scale wind power integration.Differing from existing interval optimization(IO)approaches that merely rely on the upper and lower boundaries of random variables,the distribution information retained in the historical data is introduced to the IO method in this paper.Based on the available probability distribution function(PDF),wind power curtailment and load shedding are quantified as the operational risk and incorporated into the decision-making process.In this model,we need not rely on the forecasted value of wind power,which is randomly fluctuating and quite unpredictable.Furthermore,when the PDFs of wind power are taken into account,the resulting dispatch solution makes a good tradeoff between the generation cost and the operational risk.Finally,the RIED model yields an optimal dispatch solution for thermal units and the allowable intervals of wind power for the wind farms,which efficiently mitigates the uncertainty in wind power generation and provides more practical suggestions for system operators.Simulation studies are conducted on a modified IEEE-118 bus system and the results verify the effectiveness of the proposed RIED model.
文摘The waters renewal of the fishery harbor of Nea Krini is presented here. The harbor is located at the east Thessaloniki Gulf (NE Thermaikos Gulf, Greece). The main research point is focused on the environmental state of the harbor which is under construction. Under that point of view, the description of a two-dimensional, depth average, hydrodynamic model follows, in order to simulate the wind generated circulation of waters, initially on the greater area of Thermaikos Gulf and then on the coastal basin of the fishing harbor. The renewal of waters in the harbor’s basin is subsequently studied. Tidal effects on the waters’ renewal are also studied. The calculation of the concentration of Biochemically Oxygen Demand (BOD) in the fishing harbor for the average time of waters’ renewal is then examined for three different cases, concerning the existence and operation of openings on the body of the groins. Finally, the analysis of the results shows a good environmental state of the harbor. It is obvious that the use of numerical models for different scenarios of engineering and design approaches can lead to the prognosis of hydrodynamic and environmental sate of a harbor’s basin so that the best possible technical design can be adopted.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Foundation of SGCC(Large-scale development and utilization mode of solar energy in North Africa under the condition of transcontinental grid interconnection:NY71-18-004)the Science and Technology Foundation of GEI(Research on Large-scale Solar Energy Development in West-Asia and North-Africa:NYN11201805034)
文摘North African countries generally have strategic demands for energy transformation and sustainable development.Renewable energy development is important to achieve this goal.Considering three typical types of renewable energies—wind,photovoltaic(PV),and concentrating solar power(CSP)—an optimal planning model is established to minimize construction costs and power curtailment losses.The levelized cost of electricity is used as an index for assessing economic feasibility.In this study,wind and PV,wind/PV/CSP,and transnational interconnection modes are designed for Morocco,Egypt,and Tunisia.The installed capacities of renewable energy power generation are planned through the time sequence production simulation method for each country.The results show that renewable energy combined with power generation,including the CSP mode,can improve reliability of the power supply and reduce the power curtailment rate.The transnational interconnection mode can help realize mutual benefits of renewable energy power,while the apportionment of electricity prices and trading mechanisms are very important and are related to economic feasibility;thus,this mode is important for the future development of renewable energy in North Africa.
基金The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The fully developed túrbulent flows over wavy boundaries are investigated by means of the k-ε model.Predicted flow characteristics over rigid wavy walls are in good agreement with the availa- ble experimental data.Moreover drag reduction has been found in a 2-dimensional channel with periodi- cal wavy walls.The energy input from turbulent wind to regular waves is also studied in the paper by the same turbulence model with carefully posed boundary conditions at wind-wave interface.Better agreement has been obtained in the prediction of the growth rates of wind waves as compared with the previous theoretical and numerical results.