Wind-induced vibration control of bridges using liquid column damper

The potential application of tuned liquid column damper (TLCD) for suppressing wind-induced vibration of long span bridges is explored in this paper.By installing the TLCD in the bridge deck,a mathematical model for the bridge-TLCD system is established.The governing equations of the system are developed by considering all three displacement components of the deck in vertical,lateral,and torsional vibrations,in which the interactions between the bridge deck,the TLCD,the aeroelastic forces,and the aerodynamic forces are fully reflected.Both buffeting and flutter analyses are carried out.The buffeting analysis is performed through random vibration approach,and a critical flutter condition is identified from flutter analysis.A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the control effectiveness of the damper and it is shown that the TLCD can be an effective device for suppressing wind-induced vibration of long span bridges,either for reducing the buffeting response or increasing the critical flutter wind velocity of the bridge.

Wind-Induced Vibration Control for Substation Frame on Viscous Damper

In order to study the wind-induced vibration control effect of the viscous damper on the large-scale substation frame,this paper takes the large-scale 1000 kV substation frame of western Inner Mongolia as an example.The time-history sample of pulsating wind load is simulated by harmonic superposition method based on Matlab software.6 kinds of viscous damper arrangement schemes have been designed,and SAP2000 finite element software is used for fine modeling and input wind speed time history load for nonlinear time history analysis.The displacement and acceleration of a typical node are the indicators of wind vibration control.The wind-induced vibration control effects of different schemes under different damping parameters have compared,and the damping parameters are analyzed for the optimal layout scheme.The results show that a viscous damper has installed in the lower layers of the substation;a viscous damper is placed between the ground column and the lattice beam.It is an integrated optimal solution.The wind-induced vibration control effect of the optimal scheme is sensitive to the viscous damper parameters,and the control effect does not increase linearly with the increase of the damping index and the damping coefficient.Corresponding to different damping indexes,the damping coefficient has a better range of values.

Wind-induced vibration control of long-span power transmission towers

We investigated wind-induced vibration control of long-span power transmission towers based on a case study of the Jingdongnan-Nanyang-Jingmen 1 000 kV transmission line project in P. R. China. The height of the cup tower is 181 m with a ground elevation of 47 m, which makes it a super flexible and wind-sensitive structure. Therefore, we should analyze the wind- resistant capacity of the system. We simulated applicable transverse fluctuating wind velocity field, developed a lead-rubber damper （LRD） for controlling wind-induced vibration of long-span transmission towers, deduced LRD calculation model parameter, and researched the best layout scheme and installation method of LRD. To calculate the wind-induced response of tower-line coupling system in seven layout schemes, we used the time history analysis method, and obtained the efficiencies of wind-induced vibration control. LRD deformation research proved that the damp of all LRDs was efficient under the designed wind velocity when they were laid along the edge of tower heads. We studied the controlling efficiency resulting fTom only applying stiffness to the tower polos where the dampers used to be laid under the designed wind velocity. The results show that the controlling efficiency was not ideal when the stiffness is increased on the poles only. Therefore, LRD should conlxibute to both the stiffness and damp of a structure to effectively reduce the dynamic response of a tower-line coupling system under strong winds. We also discussed the controlling efficiency of LRD under static winds. The results show that there was little difference between displacements derived by the finite clement time history method and those obtained by static wind method conducted by a design institute. This means the simulation on space relevant wind velocity field was accurate and reasonable.

Wind-induced vibration of single-layer reticulated shell structures

Aiming at the dynamic response of reticulated shell structures under wind load,systematic parameter analyses on wind-induced responses of Kiewitt6-6 type single-layer spherical reticulated shell structures and three-way grid single-layer cylindrical reticulated shell structures were performed with the random simulation method in time domain,including geometric parameters,structural parameters and aerodynamic parameters.Moreover,a wind-induced vibration coefficient was obtained,which can be a reference to the wind-resistance design of reticulated shell structures.The results indicate that the geometric parameters are the most important factor influencing wind-induced responses of the reticulated shell structures;the wind-induced vibration coeffi-cient is 3.0-3.2 for the spherical reticulated shell structures and that is 2.8-3.0 for the cylindrical reticula-ted shell structures,which shows that the wind-induced vibration coefficients of these two kinds of space frames are well-proportioned.

Case Study of Wind-Induced Vibration of a Cooling Tower Under Typhoon Environment

As high-rise cooling towers are constantly emerging,wind effects on this kind of wind-sensitive structures have attracted more and more attention,especially in typhoon prone areas.Terrain Type B turbulent flow fields under the normal wind and typhoon are simulated by active wind tunnel technology,and rigid-pressure-measurement model and aero-elastic-vibration-measurement model of a large cooling tower are built.The stagnation point,peak suction point,separation point and leeward point of the throat position shell are selected to analyze pressure coefficient,probability distribution,peak factor,power spectral density and dynamic amplification factor under normal wind and typhoon.It is clarified that there exists a significant non-Gaussian characteristic under typhoon condition,which also exists in structural response level.Resonance response ratio of the total response is higher during typhoon condition.The maximum value of dynamic amplification coefficient under typhoon field is up to 1.18 times over that under normal wind.The findings of this study are expected to be of interest and practical use to professional and researchers involved in the wind-resistant designs of super-large cooling towers in typhoon prone regions.

Wind tunnel study on wind-induced vibration of middle pylon of Taizhou Bridge

Full aero-elastic model tests are carried out to investigate wind-induced vibration of middle steel pylon of Taizhou Bridge. Model of the pylon under different construction periods is tested in both uniform and turbulent flow field. And the yaw angle of wind changes from transverse to longitudinal. Through full aero-elastic model testing, wind-induced vibration is checked, which includes vortex resonance, buffeting and galloping. Vortex resonance is observed and further studies are carried out by changing damping ratio. Based on wind tunnel testing results, wind-resistance of middle pylon is evaluated and some suggestions are given for middle pylon's construction.

Wind Vibration Study of Long-span Steel Arch Structure of Beijing Capital International Airport

The wind-induced dynamic response of long-span light-weight steel arch structure of the global transportation center (GTC) of Beijing Capital International Airport was studied. A composite technique with combination of WAWS(Weighted Amplitude Wavelet Superposition) and FFT(Fast Fourier Transformation) was introduced to simulate wind velocity time series of hundreds of spatial points simultaneously. The structural shape factors of wind load was obtained from wind tunnel model test. The wind vibration factor based on structural displacement response was investigated. After comparing the computational results with wind tunnel model test data, it was found out that the two results accord with each other if wind comes from 0° direction angle, but are quite different if wind comes from 180° direction angle in the area blocked off by airport terminals. The possible reasons of this difference were analyzed. Haar wavelet was used to transform and analyze wind velocity time series and structural wind-induced dynamic responses. The relationship between exciting wind loads and structural responses was studied in time and frequency domains.

Wind-induced responses of super-large cooling towers

Traditional gust load factor(GLF)method,inertial wind load(IWL)method and tri-component method(LRC+IWL)cannot accurately analyze the wind-induced responses of super-large cooling towers,so the real combination formulas of fluctuating wind-induced responses and equivalent static wind loads(ESWLSs)were derived based on structural dynamics and random vibration theory.The consistent coupled method(CCM)was presented to compensate the coupled term between background and resonant response.Taking the super-large cooling tower(H=215 m)of nuclear power plant in Jiangxi Province,China,which is the highest and largest in China,as the example,based on modified equivalent beam-net design method,the aero-elastic model for simultaneous pressure and vibration measurement of super-large cooling tower is firstly carried out.Then,combining wind tunnel test and CCM,the effects of self-excited force on the surface pressures and wind-induced responses are discussed,and the wind-induced response characteristics of background component,resonant component,coupled term between background and resonant response,fluctuating responses,and wind vibration coefficients are discussed.It can be concluded that wind-induced response mechanism must be understood to direct the wind resistant design for super-large cooling towers.

Passive Perforated Pipe Control Method for Wind?Induced Vibration of a High?Rise Chemical Tower

Vortex-induced vibration is likely to occur when subjected to wind loads because of low horizontal stiffness,resulting in internal force and large lateral amplitude.Long-term wind-induced vibration can not only affect the normal service and durability performance of chemical towers,but also seriously endanger the safety of towers in service periods,and cause property losses.In this study,a passive control method for suppressing wind-induced vibration of chemical towers is proposed.The flow around the flow field is guided by a pre-set air-blowing channel,thus destroying the unsteady vortex shedding in the wake region of the flow field and achieving the purpose of flow control.Two accelerometers are used to measure the vibration signal of the chemical tower model with and without the perforated pipe.The control effects of the spacing and the installation position of the perforated pipe are then studied.Experimental results show that the passive perforated pipe control method can effectively reduce the vibration amplitude of the chemical tower under wind loads,and decrease the potential wind-induced vibration.

A comprehensive review on coupling vibrations of train-bridge systems under external excitations

In recent years,high-speed railways in China have developed very rapidly,and the number and span of the railway bridges are keeping increasing.Meanwhile,frequent extreme disasters,such as strong winds,earthquakes and floods,pose a significant threat to the safety of the train–bridge systems.Therefore,it is of paramount importance to evaluate the safety and comfort of trains when crossing a bridge under external excitations.In these aspects,there is abundant research but lacks a literature review.Therefore,this paper provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art review of research works on train–bridge systems under external excitations,which includes crosswinds,waves,collision loads and seismic loads.The characteristics of external excitations,the models of the train–bridge systems under external excitations,and the representative research results are summarized and analyzed.Finally,some suggestions for further research of the coupling vibration of train–bridge system under external excitations are presented.

Application of Lead Viscoelastic Dampers to Wind Vibration Control on Big-Span Power Transmission Tower

To study the wind vibration response of power transmission tower, the lead viscoelastic dampers （LVDs） were applied to a cup tower. With time history analysis method, the displacement, velocity, acceleration and force response of the tower was calculated and analyzed. The results show that the control effect of lead viscoelastic dampers is very good, and the damping ratio can reach 20% or more when they are applied to the tower head.

Numerical Simulation Study of Vibration Characteristics of Cantilever Traffic Signal Support Structure under Wind Environment

Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)and the finite element method(FEM)are used to investigate the wind-driven dynamic response of cantilever traffic signal support structures as a whole.By building a finite element model with the same scale as the actual structure and performing modal analysis,a preliminary understanding of the dynamic properties of the structure is obtained.Based on the two-way fluid-structure coupling calculation method,the wind vibration response of the structure under different incoming flow conditions is calculated,and the vibration characteristics of the structure are analyzed through the displacement time course data of the structure in the crosswind direction and along-wind direction.The results show that the maximum response of the structure increases gradually with the increase of wind speed under 90°wind direction angle,showing a vibration dispersion state,and the vibration response characteristics are following the vibration phenomenon of galloping;under 270°wind direction angle,the maximum displacement response of the structure occurs at the lower wind speed of 5 and 6m/s,and the vibration generated by the structure is vortex vibration at this time;the displacement response of the structure in along-wind direction increaseswith the increase of wind speed.The along-wind displacement response of the structure will increase with increasing wind speed,and the effective wind area and shape characteristics of the structurewill also affect the vibration response of the structure.

Statistical extremes and peak factors in wind-induced vibration of tall buildings

In the structural design of tall buildings, peak factors have been widely used to predict mean extreme responses of tall buildings under wind excitations. Vanmarcke＇s peak factor is directly related to an explicit measure of structural reliability against a Gaussian response process. We review the use of this factor for time-variant reliability design by comparing it to the conven- tional Davenport＇s peak factor. Based on the asymptotic theory of statistical extremes, a new closed-form peak factor, the so-called Gamma peak factor, can be obtained for a non-Gaussian resultant response characterized by a Rayleigh distribution process. Using the Gamma peak factor, a combined peak factor method was developed for predicting the expected maximum resultant responses of a building undergoing lateral-torsional vibration. The effects of the standard deviation ratio of two sway components and the inter-component correlation on the evaluation of peak resultant response were also investigated. Utilizing wind tunnel data derived from synchronous multi-pressure measurements, we carried out a wind-induced time history response analysis of the Common- wealth Advisory Aeronautical Research Council （CAARC） standard tall building to validate the applicability of the Gamma peak factor to the prediction of the peak resultant acceleration. Results from the building example indicated that the use of the Gamma peak factor enables accurate predictions to be made of the mean extreme resultant acceleration responses for dynamic service- ability performance design of modem tall buildings.

Experimental study and finite element analysis of wind-induced vibration of modal car based on fluid-structure interaction

The wind-induced vibration of the front windshield concerns the traffic safety and the aerodynamic characteristics of cars. In this paper, the numerical simulation and the experiment are combined to study the wind-induced vibrations of the front windshield at different speeds of a van-body model bus. The Fluid-Structure Interaction （FSI） model is used for the finite element analysis of the vibration characteristics of the front windshield glass in the travelling process, and the wind-induced vibration response characteristics of the glass is obtained. A wind-tunnel experiment with an eddy current displacement sensor is carried out to study the deformation of the windshield at different wind speeds, and to verify the numerical simulation results. It is shown that the windshield of the model bus windshield undergoes a noticeable deformation as the speed changes, and from the deformation curve obtained, it is seen that in the accelerating process, the deformation of the glass increases as the speed increases, and with the speed being stablized, it also tends to a certain value. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for the safety design of the windshield and the body.

Wind-induced vibration control of Hefei TV tower with fluid viscous damper

The Hefei TV tower is taken as an analytical case to examine the control method with a fluid viscous damper under wind load fluctuation.Firstly,according to the random vibration theory,the effect of fluctuating wind on the tower can be modeled as a 19-dimensional correlated random process,and the wind-induced vibration analysis of the tower subjected to dynamic wind load was further obtained.On the basis of the others'works,a bi-model dynamic model is proposed.Finally,a dynamic model is proposed to study the wind-induced vibration control analysis using viscous fluid dampers,and the optimal damping coefficient is obtained regarding the wind-induced response of the upper turret as optimization objectives.Analysis results show that the maximum peak response of the tower under dynamic wind load is far beyond the allowable range of the code.The wind-induced responses and the wind vibration input energy of the tower are decreased greatly by using a fluid viscous damper,and the peak acceleration responses of the upper turret is reduced by 43.4%.

轮胎侧偏特性对过桥车辆行车舒适性评价的影响

侧风作用下桥上通行车辆因同时受到轮胎侧偏特性产生的侧偏力作用和桥梁振动响应的影响,驾驶员和乘客极易遭受行车舒适性问题,根据Dugoff非线性轮胎模型在车轮横向振动方程中引入轮胎侧偏力表达式,建立了考虑轮胎侧偏特性的车辆动力学分析模型.考虑自然风、车辆和桥梁三者之间的相互作用,构建了风-汽车-桥梁耦合振动分析框架,分析了不同影响因素下轮胎侧偏特性对车辆行驶舒适性评价的影响.结果表明:考虑轮胎侧偏特性后,车辆的横向振动状态得到了一定程度的改善,在风速25m/s及路面等级'非常好'的情况下,考虑轮胎侧偏特性时车辆行车舒适程度提高了20.6%.

横风环境下跨海大桥列车-桥梁系统耦合振动仿真研究

基于计算流体力学及弹性体在多体系统中的耦合理论,将计算流体力学、多体系统动力学及有限元结合起来,构建横风环境中列车-桥梁系统耦合振动的仿真平台,并以平潭海峡大小练岛水道斜拉桥为研究对象开展研究。列车-桥梁系统的气动模型构建采用局部动态层网格方法,计算列车-桥梁系统在不同风速和车速下的气动荷载。基于有限元方法和多体系统动力学方法建立列车-桥梁系统多体动力学模型,以时间激励方式施加气动荷载,仿真计算双线会车时不同风速和车速工况下列车-桥梁耦合系统的动力响应。研究结果表明:(1)随着风速的增大,桥梁主跨跨中竖向位移变化很小,而跨中横向位移显著增大,跨中竖向和横向振动加速度亦明显增大。风速和车速分别在30 m/s与300 km/h以内时,桥梁的挠度和振动加速度均能满足要求。(2)横风环境下列车在桥梁上运行时,头车的动力特性最为不利。随着风速和车速的增大,车辆的动力学指标均呈增大趋势。(3)列车行至桥梁跨中时轮重减载率出现最大值,两车交会时车体横向加速度发生突变且出现最大值,部分动力学指标不满足要求。(4)双线会车时,风速在10、20、30 m/s时的临界安全车速分别为296、256、147 km/h,临界舒适车速分别为166、150、106 km/h。

高耸结构横风向风振研究

本文从空气弹性力学理论出发,详细研究了高耸结构横向风振的主要形式——涡激振动,得出了风激锁定激励时高耸结构的共振区域的确定方法和响应计算式,在此基础上讨论了横风向最大共振荷载的发生风速以及适于工程应用的横向风振响应算式和图表。文中给出的工程实例表明,基于本文理论的横风向风振验算方法的计算结果与实测值吻合得很好。根据本文研究表明,对目前工程中应用的横风向风振验算法在确定共振区域和验算风荷载方面应作重新评价。

强横风作用下车辆半主动悬架模糊PID控制研究

为提高汽车高速行驶时的抗横风性能,提出一种阻尼系数修正的半主动悬架控制方法。基于Carsim和MATLAB平台建立整车动力学模型和A级路面模型,设计一种基于横风的半主动悬架模糊PID控制系统,并利用粒子群算法优化PID控制器参数。PID控制器依据车辆质心垂直加速度确定各轮悬架系统的基本阻尼系数,模糊控制器根据横风强度和方向对阻尼系数进行修正。通过MATLAB和Carsim联合仿真和实车道路试验,与被动悬架系统相比,经过半主动悬架控制后的质心垂直加速度峰值和标准差均下降30%以上,侧倾角速度标准差下降25%以上,车辆在强横风作用下的行驶平顺性和安全性得到有效提高。

高铁运用安全的三大技术局限性

从当前高铁运用问题来看,高速转向架存在三大非线性,即拖车构架点头迟滞非线性、抗蛇行动态刚度非线性和非线性稳定性.在充分认识上述三大非线性的基础上,应用抗蛇行频带吸能新理论,提出了最佳安全稳定裕度调控技术对策,以进一步协调高铁运用安全性与经济性之间的矛盾.在"重返"350 km/h高铁运营的技术准备中,应当对如下三大技术局限性给予充分重视,即商业运营速度、振动疲劳和曲线横风,特别是曲线横风应当作为一项当前十分急迫的计算流体动力学CFD科研任务.