[Objective]The study was to monitor the indoor environmental parameters of broiler house with three-overlap cages and analyze the differences in winter and autumn. [Method] In the process of feeding,the same broiler h...[Objective]The study was to monitor the indoor environmental parameters of broiler house with three-overlap cages and analyze the differences in winter and autumn. [Method] In the process of feeding,the same broiler house in the same farm was chosen to determine indoor ambient temperature,humidity and air quality at 3-6 weeks age of broilers in different seasons. The measure points were distributed in four different positions in the house. [Result] There was no significant difference in ambient temperature between autumn and winter( P > 0. 05). The ambient temperature in the house in winter was slightly higher than that in autumn. The humidity in autumn was significantly higher than that in winter( P < 0. 05). The temperature and humidity in two seasons could meet the requirements of broiler growth. There was no significant difference( P > 0. 05) in ammonia concentration between autumn and winter,while ammonia concentration in winter was slightly higher than that in autumn. The carbon dioxide concentration of broiler house in winter was significantly higher than that in autumn( P < 0. 05).The total number of airborne bacteria in winter was significantly higher than that in autumn( P < 0. 05). [Conclusion]The indoor temperature kept constant in autumn and winter seasons in closed poultry house. In winter,the humidity was reduced,the carbon dioxide concentration was increased,and the total number of bacteria in the air was increased. The ventilation in winter should be increased in case of heat preservation.展开更多
Winter-flooded paddy field is an agricultural method which putting a water among the winter, it is paid attention as an environmental friendly agriculture. Especially, it is said, winter-flooding is control paddy weed...Winter-flooded paddy field is an agricultural method which putting a water among the winter, it is paid attention as an environmental friendly agriculture. Especially, it is said, winter-flooding is control paddy weeds and there is the farming potential that the annual rice yield is high. However, there is no detailed research about the effects of weed communities by winter-flooding, as the purpose of this study, we investigated the effects of the inhibition of weed communities (life cycle, harmful weed) by winter-flooding at a shore of Inba Lake, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, and compared them to paddy weeds in a dry paddy field. Methods examined the plant height (cm) and the cover degree class of all appearance species in each quadrant frame (1 m2). Quadrant in the two type paddies were 10 frames (D1-D10) at the control, and were 10 frames (W1-W10) at the treatment (Figure 1). In a winter-flooded paddy field, species number and plant volume of winter-annual plants decreased in the third winter after winter-flooding, In particular, the plant volume of Alopecurus aequalis, Cardamine flexuosa decreased significantly. We considered that the cause of this decrease was due to the depth of flooding (more than 10 cm). Eleocharis kuroguwai and Echinochloa oryzoides, which are perennial plants, Sagittaria trifolia, which is an annual plant, increased in a winter-flooded paddy field in the third summer after winter-flooding. We considered that these species grew thicker at places where the seeds germinated, and grew easily, because the conservation situation of the seeds fitted well under the winter-flooding conditions. They started to grow immediately after the drainage of water. The period of drainage coincided with increasing light intensity and temperature. In addition, the annual rice yield of the third year after winter-flooding was higher than that of the habitual practice rice field.展开更多
【目的】针对环渤海区域冬小麦/夏玉米轮作系统氮肥施用量过大,环境效应逐渐增大的实际情况,研究不同氮肥施用量下长期和区域环境效应,明确冬小麦/夏玉米的减氮潜力和区域。【方法】利用定位试验和生物地球化学模型相结合的研究方法。...【目的】针对环渤海区域冬小麦/夏玉米轮作系统氮肥施用量过大,环境效应逐渐增大的实际情况,研究不同氮肥施用量下长期和区域环境效应,明确冬小麦/夏玉米的减氮潜力和区域。【方法】利用定位试验和生物地球化学模型相结合的研究方法。【结果】冬小麦/夏玉米不同氮素施用量15年的模拟结果表明,随着氮肥施用量的增加,作物产量逐渐增加,到两季作物施氮量达到240—300 kg N.hm-2以上时,作物产量增加能力有限,而氮淋溶损失量则逐渐加大,土壤中残留的无机氮素也逐渐增加。与当前区域氮肥施用量364×104t相比,区域氮肥总量减少30%和优化施肥两种调控方案下环渤海地区总氮素平衡的各个输出项都有不同程度的降低,其中降低幅度最大的是氮淋溶,分别减少了67.23%和79.93%,极大地降低了氮素的环境风险。【结论】环渤海地区冬小麦/夏玉米轮作系统氮素的环境效应有随氮素施用量逐渐增加的态势,目前该种植模式具有减氮的潜力,区域减氮30%能够有效的减少环境效应,节氮潜力最明显的地区在山东东部、西南部和河北中部。展开更多
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of Shanxi Province(20140311021-2)Key Research Project of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(YGG1609)Special Fund of China Agricultural Industry Research System(CARS-42)
文摘[Objective]The study was to monitor the indoor environmental parameters of broiler house with three-overlap cages and analyze the differences in winter and autumn. [Method] In the process of feeding,the same broiler house in the same farm was chosen to determine indoor ambient temperature,humidity and air quality at 3-6 weeks age of broilers in different seasons. The measure points were distributed in four different positions in the house. [Result] There was no significant difference in ambient temperature between autumn and winter( P > 0. 05). The ambient temperature in the house in winter was slightly higher than that in autumn. The humidity in autumn was significantly higher than that in winter( P < 0. 05). The temperature and humidity in two seasons could meet the requirements of broiler growth. There was no significant difference( P > 0. 05) in ammonia concentration between autumn and winter,while ammonia concentration in winter was slightly higher than that in autumn. The carbon dioxide concentration of broiler house in winter was significantly higher than that in autumn( P < 0. 05).The total number of airborne bacteria in winter was significantly higher than that in autumn( P < 0. 05). [Conclusion]The indoor temperature kept constant in autumn and winter seasons in closed poultry house. In winter,the humidity was reduced,the carbon dioxide concentration was increased,and the total number of bacteria in the air was increased. The ventilation in winter should be increased in case of heat preservation.
文摘Winter-flooded paddy field is an agricultural method which putting a water among the winter, it is paid attention as an environmental friendly agriculture. Especially, it is said, winter-flooding is control paddy weeds and there is the farming potential that the annual rice yield is high. However, there is no detailed research about the effects of weed communities by winter-flooding, as the purpose of this study, we investigated the effects of the inhibition of weed communities (life cycle, harmful weed) by winter-flooding at a shore of Inba Lake, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, and compared them to paddy weeds in a dry paddy field. Methods examined the plant height (cm) and the cover degree class of all appearance species in each quadrant frame (1 m2). Quadrant in the two type paddies were 10 frames (D1-D10) at the control, and were 10 frames (W1-W10) at the treatment (Figure 1). In a winter-flooded paddy field, species number and plant volume of winter-annual plants decreased in the third winter after winter-flooding, In particular, the plant volume of Alopecurus aequalis, Cardamine flexuosa decreased significantly. We considered that the cause of this decrease was due to the depth of flooding (more than 10 cm). Eleocharis kuroguwai and Echinochloa oryzoides, which are perennial plants, Sagittaria trifolia, which is an annual plant, increased in a winter-flooded paddy field in the third summer after winter-flooding. We considered that these species grew thicker at places where the seeds germinated, and grew easily, because the conservation situation of the seeds fitted well under the winter-flooding conditions. They started to grow immediately after the drainage of water. The period of drainage coincided with increasing light intensity and temperature. In addition, the annual rice yield of the third year after winter-flooding was higher than that of the habitual practice rice field.
文摘【目的】针对环渤海区域冬小麦/夏玉米轮作系统氮肥施用量过大,环境效应逐渐增大的实际情况,研究不同氮肥施用量下长期和区域环境效应,明确冬小麦/夏玉米的减氮潜力和区域。【方法】利用定位试验和生物地球化学模型相结合的研究方法。【结果】冬小麦/夏玉米不同氮素施用量15年的模拟结果表明,随着氮肥施用量的增加,作物产量逐渐增加,到两季作物施氮量达到240—300 kg N.hm-2以上时,作物产量增加能力有限,而氮淋溶损失量则逐渐加大,土壤中残留的无机氮素也逐渐增加。与当前区域氮肥施用量364×104t相比,区域氮肥总量减少30%和优化施肥两种调控方案下环渤海地区总氮素平衡的各个输出项都有不同程度的降低,其中降低幅度最大的是氮淋溶,分别减少了67.23%和79.93%,极大地降低了氮素的环境风险。【结论】环渤海地区冬小麦/夏玉米轮作系统氮素的环境效应有随氮素施用量逐渐增加的态势,目前该种植模式具有减氮的潜力,区域减氮30%能够有效的减少环境效应,节氮潜力最明显的地区在山东东部、西南部和河北中部。
