China is one of the most important rapeseed producing countries in the world. Effective mechanical harvesting time for decreasing harvesting loss of winter oilseed rape has been becoming a critical factor. An elite cu...China is one of the most important rapeseed producing countries in the world. Effective mechanical harvesting time for decreasing harvesting loss of winter oilseed rape has been becoming a critical factor. An elite cultivar Zhongshuang 11 （Brassica napus L.） was employed in two rounds of field experiments from 2009 to 2011. Seeds were sown with machine, three combine harvesting times namely combine harvesting A, B, and C （CHA, CHB, and CHC） were designed and manual harvesting （MH） as control was performed at maturity. The harvesting treatments were determined according to color of pod and seed in the field. Seed yield loss and quality in different treatments were evaluated. Results showed that both seed yields and harvesting losses in 2009-2010 were higher than that in 2010-2011, whereas seed oil contents in 2010-2011 were higher than that in 2009-2010. The highest yield appeared in CHB, which was significantly higher than that in MH. Furthermore, harvesting loss in CHB were 50% that in MH. Seed oil content and chlorophyll exhibited no obvious difference between CHB and MH. Economic profit analysis demonstrated that mechanical sowing/combine harvesting （MS/CH） showed an input/output ratio of 1：1.6, and it was 1：1.2 in mechanical sowing/manual harvesting （MS/MH）. Labor-cost accounted for more than 70% of the total cost in MS/MH, which led to low profitability to a great extent. Our results suggested that CHB was the optimum harvesting time for winter oilseed rape along the Yangtze River.展开更多
China is one of the major rapeseed production countries in the world,but harvesting mechanization was still backward,and high harvest loss was a key inhibiting factor for rapeseed production.To obtain optimum harvesti...China is one of the major rapeseed production countries in the world,but harvesting mechanization was still backward,and high harvest loss was a key inhibiting factor for rapeseed production.To obtain optimum harvesting date for winter rape in the Yangtze River Valley of China,artificial simulated combine harvesting and artificial two-stage harvesting were adopted to find correlations between harvesting date,rape variety,seed oil content,protein content,grain moisture rate,rapeseed straw moisture content,rapeseed unthreshing rate,grain drop loss rate,thousand seeds weight(TSW),and harvesting economic coefficient(HEC).Analysis of variance showed that rapeseed oil content,protein content and TSW were correlated with rape variety;HEC was correlated with harvesting method and rape variety.Rape variety was the dominant factor of rapeseed oil content,protein content,TSW and HEC.Grain moisture rate,un-threshing rate,grain drop loss rate and straw moisture content were correlated with harvesting method and date.Harvesting date was the dominant factor of rapeseed moisture rate,un-threshing rate,grain drop loss rate and straw moisture rate.Single factor tests further proved that harvesting date had less impact on rapeseed oil content,protein content,TSW and HEC.It showed little correlation with rapeseed quality except grain moisture rate.The optimum harvesting date could be known by change in straw moisture content.The combined harvesting should be carried out during the grain moisture content of 15%-20%with TSW stabilized in the highest level.The twostage harvesting cutting should be carried out at the grain moisture content of 35%-40%.This research offered a reference to harvesting method and date for rape cultivated in the Yangtze River Valley.展开更多
为探明不同氮肥用量对冬油菜籽粒产量和品质的影响,于2019/2020以及2020/2021年在湖北省武穴市开展田间试验,试验设置0、90、180、270、360 kg N hm^(-2)5个氮肥施用水平。在成熟期测定油菜籽产量、氮含量和油菜籽品质指标。结果表明,...为探明不同氮肥用量对冬油菜籽粒产量和品质的影响,于2019/2020以及2020/2021年在湖北省武穴市开展田间试验,试验设置0、90、180、270、360 kg N hm^(-2)5个氮肥施用水平。在成熟期测定油菜籽产量、氮含量和油菜籽品质指标。结果表明,施氮显著提高冬油菜籽粒产量及氮含量,与不施氮相比,氮肥施用后平均增产1548 kg hm^(-2),平均增产率达32.9%,在施氮量为0~270 kg N hm^(-2)范围内,油菜籽产量随氮肥施用量显著增加,继续增施氮肥,油菜籽产量无明显变化或有下降趋势,施氮主要通过提高单株角果数来提高油菜籽粒产量。施氮显著增加了籽粒蛋白质含量,当施氮量达270 kg N hm^(-2)时籽粒氮含量和蛋白质含量最高。施氮显著降低籽粒含油量,氮肥用量每增加100 kg N hm^(-2),籽粒含油量下降1.6个百分点。随着氮肥用量的增加,籽粒硫甙、油酸、亚麻酸、芥酸以及饱和脂肪酸(棕榈酸和硬脂酸)呈升高趋势,亚油酸呈降低趋势,油菜籽粒品质整体呈降低趋势。综上所述,以追求高品质食用油为目标,同时兼顾油菜籽粒产量,氮肥适宜用量约为180kgNhm^(-2);以追求油菜籽粒产量并考虑油菜饼粕作饲料为目标时,氮肥适宜用量约为270 kg N hm^(-2)。展开更多
基金supported by the Special Funding for Modern Agricultural Technical System of China (Rapeseed)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31071372)
文摘China is one of the most important rapeseed producing countries in the world. Effective mechanical harvesting time for decreasing harvesting loss of winter oilseed rape has been becoming a critical factor. An elite cultivar Zhongshuang 11 （Brassica napus L.） was employed in two rounds of field experiments from 2009 to 2011. Seeds were sown with machine, three combine harvesting times namely combine harvesting A, B, and C （CHA, CHB, and CHC） were designed and manual harvesting （MH） as control was performed at maturity. The harvesting treatments were determined according to color of pod and seed in the field. Seed yield loss and quality in different treatments were evaluated. Results showed that both seed yields and harvesting losses in 2009-2010 were higher than that in 2010-2011, whereas seed oil contents in 2010-2011 were higher than that in 2009-2010. The highest yield appeared in CHB, which was significantly higher than that in MH. Furthermore, harvesting loss in CHB were 50% that in MH. Seed oil content and chlorophyll exhibited no obvious difference between CHB and MH. Economic profit analysis demonstrated that mechanical sowing/combine harvesting （MS/CH） showed an input/output ratio of 1：1.6, and it was 1：1.2 in mechanical sowing/manual harvesting （MS/MH）. Labor-cost accounted for more than 70% of the total cost in MS/MH, which led to low profitability to a great extent. Our results suggested that CHB was the optimum harvesting time for winter oilseed rape along the Yangtze River.
基金financial support provided by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0702100)the Special Funds for the Construction of Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System (CARS-13)
文摘China is one of the major rapeseed production countries in the world,but harvesting mechanization was still backward,and high harvest loss was a key inhibiting factor for rapeseed production.To obtain optimum harvesting date for winter rape in the Yangtze River Valley of China,artificial simulated combine harvesting and artificial two-stage harvesting were adopted to find correlations between harvesting date,rape variety,seed oil content,protein content,grain moisture rate,rapeseed straw moisture content,rapeseed unthreshing rate,grain drop loss rate,thousand seeds weight(TSW),and harvesting economic coefficient(HEC).Analysis of variance showed that rapeseed oil content,protein content and TSW were correlated with rape variety;HEC was correlated with harvesting method and rape variety.Rape variety was the dominant factor of rapeseed oil content,protein content,TSW and HEC.Grain moisture rate,un-threshing rate,grain drop loss rate and straw moisture content were correlated with harvesting method and date.Harvesting date was the dominant factor of rapeseed moisture rate,un-threshing rate,grain drop loss rate and straw moisture rate.Single factor tests further proved that harvesting date had less impact on rapeseed oil content,protein content,TSW and HEC.It showed little correlation with rapeseed quality except grain moisture rate.The optimum harvesting date could be known by change in straw moisture content.The combined harvesting should be carried out during the grain moisture content of 15%-20%with TSW stabilized in the highest level.The twostage harvesting cutting should be carried out at the grain moisture content of 35%-40%.This research offered a reference to harvesting method and date for rape cultivated in the Yangtze River Valley.
文摘为探明不同氮肥用量对冬油菜籽粒产量和品质的影响,于2019/2020以及2020/2021年在湖北省武穴市开展田间试验,试验设置0、90、180、270、360 kg N hm^(-2)5个氮肥施用水平。在成熟期测定油菜籽产量、氮含量和油菜籽品质指标。结果表明,施氮显著提高冬油菜籽粒产量及氮含量,与不施氮相比,氮肥施用后平均增产1548 kg hm^(-2),平均增产率达32.9%,在施氮量为0~270 kg N hm^(-2)范围内,油菜籽产量随氮肥施用量显著增加,继续增施氮肥,油菜籽产量无明显变化或有下降趋势,施氮主要通过提高单株角果数来提高油菜籽粒产量。施氮显著增加了籽粒蛋白质含量,当施氮量达270 kg N hm^(-2)时籽粒氮含量和蛋白质含量最高。施氮显著降低籽粒含油量,氮肥用量每增加100 kg N hm^(-2),籽粒含油量下降1.6个百分点。随着氮肥用量的增加,籽粒硫甙、油酸、亚麻酸、芥酸以及饱和脂肪酸(棕榈酸和硬脂酸)呈升高趋势,亚油酸呈降低趋势,油菜籽粒品质整体呈降低趋势。综上所述,以追求高品质食用油为目标,同时兼顾油菜籽粒产量,氮肥适宜用量约为180kgNhm^(-2);以追求油菜籽粒产量并考虑油菜饼粕作饲料为目标时,氮肥适宜用量约为270 kg N hm^(-2)。
