Variations in Phytic Acid Content and Their Relationship with Protein Content and Kernel Morphological Characters of Chinese Winter Wheat Cultivars

[Objective] The aim of this study was to determine the variation of phytic acid content （PAC） and its frequency distribution, as well as the relationship between PAC and protein content, kernel characteristics in 161 Chinese winter wheat cultivars from four regions. [Method] One hundred and sixty-one winter wheat varieties from China Wheat Zones I, II, III and IV （Table 1） were grown in a randomized block de- sign, in the 2009-2011 cropping season; and then the indexes for describing the grain morphological characteristics such as the thousand kernel weight （TKW）, kernel length （KL）, kernel width （KW） and kernel thickness （KT） were measured; the phytic acid content （PAC）, protein content and sedimentation value were also determined; finally, the relationship between PAC and protein content, kernel characteristics were analyzed. [Result] The PAC in the cultivars tested ranged from 0.92% to 1.95% with a mean value of 1.41%. Protein content ranged from 12.60% to 19.20%, with a mean of 15.24%. Most （53.4%） of the wheat genotypes had a PAC value in the range of 1.25% to 1.55%. No significant correlation was found between PAC and protein content, sedimentation value, while protein content and SDS sedimentation value was significant correlated, which suggested the possibility of breeding wheat cultivars that have a low PAC but a high protein content and good gluten quality. There was a high correlation between TKW and KW （,.=0.79）, KL （r=0.50） and KT （r=0.64）. PAC was found having no significant correlation with TKW, KW, KL and KT. [Conclusion] The result suggests the possibility of breeding wheat cultivars that have a low PAC but high kernel weight.

Effects of reduced nitrogen and suitable soil moisture on wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) rhizosphere soil microbiological,biochemical properties and yield in the Huanghuai Plain,China

Soil management practices affect rhizosphere microorganisms and enzyme activities, which in turn influence soil ecosystem processes. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of different nitrogen application rates on wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) rhizosphere soil microorganisms and enzyme activities, and their temporal variations in relation to soil fertility under supplemental irrigation conditions in a fluvo-aquic region. For this, we established a split-plot experiment for two consecutive years(2014–2015 and 2015–2016) in the field with three levels of soil moisture: water deficit to no irrigation(W1), medium irrigation to(70±5)% of soil relative moisture after jointing stage(W2), and adequate irrigation to(80±5)% of soil relative moisture after jointing stage(W3);and three levels of nitrogen: 0 kg ha^–1(N1), 195 kg ha^–1(N2) and 270 kg ha^–1(N3). Results showed that irrigation and nitrogen application significantly increased rhizosphere microorganisms and enzyme activities. Soil microbiological properties showed different trends in response to N level;the highest values of bacteria, protease, catalase and phosphatase appeared in N2, while the highest levels of actinobacteria, fungi and urease were observed in N3. In addition, these items performed best under medium irrigation(W2) relative to W1 and W3;particularly the maximum microorganism(bacteria, actinobacteria and fungi) amounts appeared at W2, 5.37×10^7 and 6.35×10^7 CFUs g^–1 higher than those at W3 in 2014–2015 and 2015–2016, respectively;and these changes were similar in both growing seasons. Microbe-related parameters fluctuated over time but their seasonality did not hamper the irrigation and fertilization-induced effects. Further, the highest grain yields of 13 309.2 and 12 885.7 kg ha^–1 were both obtained at W2 N2 in 2014–2015 and 2015–2016, respectively. The selected properties, soil microorganisms and enzymes, were significantly correlated with wheat yield and proved to be valuable indicators of soil quality. These results clearly demonstrated that the combined treatment(W2 N2) significantly improved soil microbiological properties, soil fertility and wheat yield on the Huanghuai Plain, China.

Changes in the Activities of Enzymes Involved in Starch Synthesis in the Kernel During Grain Filling in Winter Wheat Cultivars of Different Spike Types

Two winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)cultivars, large-spike type Yumai66 and small-spike type Yumai49, were used to study the activities of enzymes involved in starch synthesis in the kernel during grain filling. Starch accumulated faster in the kernel of Yumai49 than Yumai66 up to 25 d after anthesis, thereafter starch accumulated faster in the kernel of Yumai66. Starch accumulation in Yumai66 peaked at 20 -25 d after anthesis, while in Yumai49 starch accumulation peaked at 15 -20 d after anthesis and 25 -30 d after anthesis. The first peak was much higher than that of the second. Sucrose content and sucrose synthase activity peaked at 20 and 15 d after anthesis in Yumai66 and Yumai49, respectively. The sucrose content and sucrose synthase activity in Yumai66 were higher than that in Yumai49 during grain filling. ADP-glucose pyro-phosphorylase and starch branching enzyme activity in the kernel of Yumai66 peaked at 20 d after anthesis. while soluble starch synthase activity peaked at 10 and 20 d after anthesis. The second peak was much higher than that of the first.

Genetic Analysis of Grain Yield in a 7×7 Diallel Cross F_2 Population of Wheat(T.Aestivum L.)

In order to obtain genetic information for grain yield, seven genetically diverse wheat cultivars were crossed in an incomplete diallel to study the inheritance of grain yield using F_2 progenies for two years. Significant differences were observed among genotype, year and genotype × year interaction for grain yield, and both general combining ability(GCA) and specific combining ability(SCA) were also highly significant for grain yield, suggesting that the trait was controlled by both additive and non-additive effect. The GCA estimates revealed that the best combiners for grain yield were Yangmai 5 and Ningmai 9. Adequacy tests revealed that data of grain yield was fully adequate for genetic interpretation. Over-dominance genetic effects were important for the expression of grain yield. Grain yield exhibited moderately high value of narrow sense heritability(h_N^2=66.98% and h_N^2=72.37%).

水肥不同层次组合对冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L．)氮磷养分有效性和产量效应的影响

以肥熟土垫旱耕人为土为供试土样，用分层土柱试验法研究了不同层次水分、氮、磷组合对冬小麦（Triticum aestivum L．）氮磷养分有效性和产量效应的影响。结果表明，不同土层水肥处理的氮磷养分有效性和产量效应差异显著。氮素养分有效性在4．73％-41．19％之间，磷素养分有效性在4．11％-13．58％之间。对氮素养分有效性，单施氮整体湿润时（0-90cm土层湿润）较上干下湿（0-30cm土层干旱胁迫，30-90cm土层湿润）低4．87％，而氮磷配施在整体湿润时较上干下湿高6．38％，差异均达显著水平；对磷素养分有效性，氮磷配施时，在整体湿润时较上干下湿增加5．01T（P〈0．05）。从不同施肥土层看，氮素养分有效性均以0-90cm土层施肥处理最高；对氮磷配施处理，在上干下湿时分别比0-30cm、30-60cm和60-90cm土层施肥处理高9．5％、10．1％和20．2个％；对磷素养分有效性，整体湿润处理，以0-30cm土层施肥显著高于其它土层施肥处理。单施氮或磷，上干下湿时氮磷养分的产量效应均高于整体湿润处理，但氮磷配施时均以整体湿润处理较高；从不同土层施肥看，氮素养分的产量效应以0-90cm土层施肥最高；磷素养分的产量效应则表现为0-90cm与0-30cm土层施肥处理显著高于30-60cm和60-90cm土层施肥处理。分析0-90cm土层残留硝态氮和有效磷累积量可以看出，不同处理土壤残留硝态氮含量存在显著差异，上干下湿时CK、单施氮、单施磷和氮磷配施土壤残留硝态氮分别比整体湿润相应施肥处理增加125．8％、20．1％、21．9％和2．1％；不同处理有效磷差异性不及硝态氮明显。整体看，在两种水分状况下，均以0-90cm和0-30cm土层施肥有利于提高氮磷养分对冬小麦的有效性和产量效应，减少硝态氮和有效磷在土壤中的残留累积。考虑到生产上的可操作性，仍以施人0-30cm土层最适，说明即使在上千下湿情况下，保证上层有效养分供应仍具重要作用。

普通小麦(T.aestivum L.)不同作图群体抽穗期QTL分析

【目的】对小麦抽穗期进行数量性状位点(QTL)分析。【方法】以旱选10号/鲁麦14和温麦6号/山红麦两个作图群体为材料,在大田及温室条件下,观察小麦抽穗期等性状。利用混合线性模型,进行QTL分析。【结果】抽穗期在两个作图群体中均呈现连续分布,表现为多基因控制的数量性状;共检测到9个QTL位点,分别位于染色体2D、3B(2个)、3D、4A、5B、6B、6D和7D上,对抽穗期的贡献率在3.97%～22.91%之间;有15组QTL位点之间存在基因互作效应,互作的加性效应大小范围为0.77～2.16 d,互作效应对性状的贡献率在4.35%～21.44%之间。【结论】抽穗期QTL的检测受环境影响较大;抽穗期QTL位点在染色体上的分布较多;不同染色体间则存在基因互作现象。

Exogenous Application of Abscisic Acid or Gibberellin Acid Has Different Effects on Starch Granule Size Distribution in Grains of Wheat

Granule size distribution of wheat starch is an important characteristic that can affect its chemical composition and the functionality of wheat products. Two high-yield winter wheat cultivars were used to evaluate the effects of the application of exogenous ABA or GA during the reproductive phase of the initial grain filling on starch granule size distribution and starch components in grains at maturity. The results indicated that a bimodal curve was found in the volume and surface area distribution of grain starch granules, and a unimodal curve was observed for the number distribution under all treatments. The exogenous ABA resulted in a significant increase in the proportions （both by volume and by surface area） of B-type （〈9.9 Ixm in diameter） starch granules, with a reduction in those of A-type （〉9.9 ~tm） starch granules, while, the exogenous GA3 led to converse effects on size distribution of those starch granules. The exogenous ABA also increased starch, amylose and amylopectin contents at maturity but significantly reduced the ratio of amylose to amylopectin. Application of GA3 significantly reduced starch content, amylopectin content but increased the ratio of amylose to amylopectin. The ratio of amylose to amylopectin showed a significant and negative relationship with the volume proportion of granules 〈9.9 μm, but was positively related to the volume proportion of granules 22.8-42.8 μm.

基于GYT双标图对北部冬麦区国审小麦品种的回溯分析

北部冬麦区是我国重要的小麦主产区之一,对该麦区历年国审小麦品种进行回溯分析有助于小麦品种资源的合理利用。本研究基于产量与熟期、穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、容重、品质指数、抗病指数和抗寒指数等性状的组合,采用品种-产量×性状组合(GYT,genotype by yield×trait)双标图方法对2003-2023年期间北部冬麦区47个国审小麦品种进行了综合分析和分类评价。结果表明,47个国审小麦品种可划分为4个特征显著的品种类型。其中,Ⅰ型品种综合表现优秀,在产量与早熟性、抗病性、抗寒性、千粒重和容重等性状组合上表现突出,在产量与穗数、穗粒数和品质指数组合上表现优良,在生产上推广应用价值最高,主要包括京麦179、京农16和津麦3118等8个品种。Ⅱ型品种综合表现优良,在产量与品质指数、穗数组合上表现突出,在产量与抗病指数、抗寒指数组合上表现稍差,在生产上推广应用价值较高,但应注意生产安全,主要包括京麦202、京农19和轮选158等13个品种。Ⅲ型品种的产量与抗病和抗寒指数组合最好,但在其余性状组合上表现差,综合生产应用价值有限,可作为抗性亲本。Ⅳ型品种综合表现较差,可选择单性状表现优良的品种作为育种亲本应用。根据各品种在GYT双标图ATA轴上的投影位置,筛选出综合表现优良的京麦179、京农16、津麦3118、京麦189、京麦202、京花12号、京农19、轮选158和中麦623等品种。本研究采用GYT双标图分析方法基于“产量-性状”组合水平对北部冬麦区小麦品种进行综合评价和分类研究,为其他作物和地区的类似研究提供了参考。

CIMMYT普通冬小麦品种的籽粒硬度及Puroindoline基因等位变异

为给中国小麦种质资源引进、利用和品质改良提供信息,以国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)土耳其育种站提供的192份普通冬小麦新品系为材料,采用单籽粒谷物特性测试仪、特异引物PCR扩增和改进的SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳方法对其SKCS硬度及Puroindoline基因型进行了鉴定和分析。结果表明,CIM-MYT普通冬小麦以硬质类型为主,但SKCS硬度值普遍偏低,平均值仅为60.7。所调查的192份材料中,硬质麦119份,占62.0%;软质麦49份,占25.5%;混合麦24份,占12.5%。硬质小麦共有4种基因型,分别为PinA蛋白缺失类型(Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a)90份、Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b类型27份、Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1d类型2份和Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1d类型1份,以PinA蛋白缺失类型为主,占总数的75.6%。Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1d为Pina和Pinb基因的双突变类型。CIMMYT普通冬小麦籽粒硬度及其Puroindoline基因变异类型和分布的信息能够为中国冬小麦品质改良提供理论依据。

用STS标记检测矮秆基因Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b在中国小麦中的分布

目的明确矮秆基因在中国小麦中的分布,有助于改良小麦株高和提高产量潜力。方法选用中国主要麦区品种(系)239份,用STS标记检测矮秆基因Rht-B1b(Rht1)和Rht-D1b(Rht2)的分布规律,验证其PCR标记在分子标记辅助育种中的可用性。结果(1)Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b特异性STS标记可以准确检测小麦品种的Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b矮秆基因。(2)Rht-B1b基因在全国的平均分布频率为24.3%,新疆冬春麦区高达62.5%,长江中下游冬麦区为42.3%,黄淮冬麦区、北部冬麦区和西北春麦区分别为28%、25.8%和25%,北部春麦区和西南冬麦区分别为9.1%和8.3%,东北春麦区供试材料未携带Rht-B1b基因。(3)Rht-D1b基因在全国的平均分布频率为46.9%,北部春麦区和黄淮冬麦区分别为72.7%和69%,西南冬麦区、西北春麦区和北部冬麦区分别为38.9%、37.5%和35.5%,长江中下游冬麦区和新疆冬春麦区分别为23.1%和12.5%,东北春麦区供试材料未携带Rht-D1b基因。结论分子检测结果和系谱分析表明,中国小麦品种(系)携带的Rht-B1b矮秆基因来自St2422/464和农林10,Rht-D1b矮秆基因来自农林10号、水源86、辉县红和蚰包麦。

CIMMYT普通冬小麦新品系高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成分析

为了给新疆冬小麦品质改良筛选亲本材料,采用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)方法对墨西哥国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)提供的186份普通冬小麦新品系的高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成及分布特点进行了分析。结果表明,在参试材料中共检测到13种不同的亚基类型,其中,Glu-A1位点上有1、null和2*共3个等位变异类型,以2*亚基为主要类型,占61.8%;Glu-B1位点上有7、6+8、7+8、7+9、17+18、13+16、6.1+22共7个等位变异类型和4个混合亚基类型,以7、6+8、7+8和7+9亚基为主,分别占17.7%、14.5%、24.2%和35.0%;Glu-D1位点上有5+10、2+12和4+12共3个等位变异类型,以2+12和5+10亚基为主,分别占46.8%和44.1%。共检测出39种亚基组合类型,无占明显优势的组合类型,相对而言,2*/7+9/5+10和2*/6+8/2+12两个组合类型的比例稍高一点(分别为12.4%和11.8%)。研究还发现,来自同一组合的材料由于选择的微小差异会导致在谷蛋白亚基组成上表现出很大的差异,因此,在小麦品质育种和品质改良中不应简单地等同对待,而要作详细的生化和加工品质分析。

小麦籽粒硬度及其Pinb-D1基因等位变异的STS标记检测

为了明确内蒙古春小麦和部分引进冬小麦的籽粒硬度及其等住变异类型，用SKCS 4100单籽粒谷物硬度仪和STS分子标记对17份冬小麦、87份春小麦品种和38份春小麦高代品系的籽粒硬度及其Pinb-D1a、Pinb-D1b和Pinb-D1c等位基因进行了分析。结果表明，在104份冬、春小麦品种中，籽粒硬度指数变幅为1±16-74±21，其中软质、混合和硬质麦频率分别为23．1％、49．0%和27．9％；Pina—D1a／Pinb-D1a、Pina—D1a／Pinb-D1b和Pina—D1a／Pinb-D1c基因型分别为68份、27份和4份。在38份高代品系中，籽粒硬度指数变幅为0±18～49±17，软质和混合麦频率分剐为68．4％和31．6％，Pina—D1a／Pinb-D1a和Pina—D1a／Pinb-D1b基因型分别为20份和18份。

SA处理对低温胁迫下冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)蔗糖代谢的影响

水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA),作为一种参与胁迫反应的信号分子,可提高植物对多种环境胁迫的抵抗力。本研究以强抗寒性冬小麦品种‘东农冬麦1号’和弱抗寒性品种‘济麦22’为实验材料,于三叶期喷施1 mmol·L-1 SA处理小麦叶片,在大田自然降温持续10 d平均最低温度分别为4、0、–10和–25℃时取样叶片及根茎,测定其蔗糖含量、蔗糖代谢关键酶活性及相关酶基因的相对表达水平变化,探讨SA对低温下冬小麦蔗糖代谢的影响。结果表明,SA处理提高了‘东农冬麦1号’叶片和根茎中蔗糖的含量,SA对‘济麦22’的影响与‘东农冬麦1号’相比较弱;SA提高了‘东农冬麦1号’叶片和根茎中蔗糖合成相关酶(蔗糖磷酸合成酶、蔗糖合成酶)的活性及其相关酶基因(Ta SPS、Ta Su S)的表达,降低了与蔗糖分解有关酶(蔗糖酸性转化酶、碱性/中性转化酶)的活性及其相关基因(Ta SAInv、Ta A/N-Inv)的表达。SA处理有利于蔗糖积累,从而提高植物的抗寒性。

近20年黄淮冬麦区南片小麦种质性状演变及其育种价值评价

为研究黄淮冬麦区南片小麦种质性状演变,以黄淮冬麦区南片近20年育成的小麦品种为材料,通过Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H´)及变异系数分析、性状无量纲化后拟合趋势线、主成分分析、综合得分(D´值)评价、回归模型构建等方法,从新视角探究黄淮冬麦区南片近20年小麦性状及其遗传多样性演变规律,筛选可用于黄淮冬麦区南片小麦品种评价的指标以及表现优异的种质。结果表明,2003—2022年黄淮冬麦区南片共育成443个小麦品种,按育成品种数量可分为3个阶段:基本稳定阶段(2003—2017年)、明显抬升后短暂高企阶段(2018—2019年)、井喷式爆发阶段(2020年至今)。黄淮冬麦区南片近20年小麦育成品种的株高随年份呈缓慢下降趋势;吸水率维持不变;穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、产量、基本苗、容重、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、稳定时间呈上升趋势,其中千粒重、产量、基本苗、容重、湿面筋含量上升势头相对较强,产量的增加主要来自于千粒重的提高。优质专用麦(强筋、中强筋、弱筋)占比近些年不断攀升,主要得益于中强筋小麦占比的提升,强筋小麦占比未有明显提升,这主要受限于吸水率和稳定时间。农艺性状和品质性状的离散程度及其演变趋势差异较大,但其遗传多样性均随年份在不断提升,遗传稳定性进一步提高。回归模型结果表明,可将穗数、产量、容重、蛋白质含量、吸水率5个性状作为黄淮冬麦区南片小麦综合表现的评价指标。443个品种中,‘稷麦336’‘安科1801’‘济麦44’‘谷神麦19’‘华伟305’表现优异,综合评价得分较高,在强筋小麦的选育中可作为优异种质资源加以利用。未来应继续加强优质专用小麦新品种尤其是弱筋小麦的选育与引种,加强种质资源的保护利用。

Glutenin Macropolymer Particles Size Distribution of Six Wheat Varieties in Eastern China

Size distribution of glutenin macropolymer （GMP） particles significantly affects the quality of final products in wheat. Six wheat varieties in eastern China were used for investigating the GMP content, particle size distribution and their relation. The results showed that the particle diameter of GMP changed from 0.38 μm to 269 μm. A typical bimodal curve of volume distribution of particles with peak values ranged from 4.44 μm to 5.36 μm and from 45.76 μm to 116.30 μm, respectively. Number distribution of particles showed the typical population with peak values in the range of 0.57-1.00 p.m. Proportions of granules 〈12μm, 12-80 μm and 〉80 μm were in the range of 17.1%-47.8%, 32.1%-50.3% and 10.2%-38.1% of total volume, respectively. The content of GMP was negatively correlated with the volume of GMP particles 〈12μm, but positively correlated with the volume of particles 〉80μm. The results suggested that the greater percentage of larger GMP particles is, the more GMP content there is in wheat grain.

播种密度对冬小麦茎秆形态特征和抗倒指数的影响

于2 0 0 1- 2 0 0 2年在安徽农业大学试验农场研究了不同播种密度对冬小麦茎秆形态特征和抗倒指数的影响。结果表明,播种密度大小显著影响茎秆形态特征、植株C N比大小和茎秆抗倒指数,小麦茎秆形态特征与植株的抗倒性密切相关。其中,基部三节间的健壮程度与小麦抗倒关系最为密切,相关程度为第2节间>第1节间>第3节间。茎秆健壮程度对茎秆抗倒指数的影响为基部节间干物重>基部节间壁厚>基部节间长度>基部节间内径大小。明确了植株碳氮比大小是决定植株倒伏与否的内部生理因素之一和以茎秆抗倒指数(CLRI)作为小麦抗茎倒伏能力的综合形态指标。

花后干旱和渍水对冬小麦光合特性和物质运转的影响

在温室盆栽条件下 ,以黑小麦 76、皖麦 38、扬麦 10号、扬麦 9号 4个蛋白质含量不同的冬小麦 (TriticumaestivumL .)基因型为材料 ,研究了花后土壤干旱 (Soilrelativewatercontent,SRWC =4 5 %～ 5 0 % )、渍水和适宜水分条件 (SRWC =75 %～ 80 % )下 ,小麦旗叶净光合速率和叶绿素含量的动态变化 ,营养器官花前贮藏同化物再运转 ,花后同化物输入籽粒量 ,以及成熟期籽粒蛋白质与淀粉产量和含量的差异。结果表明 ,干旱和渍水均缩短了各品种花后旗叶的光合速率高值持续期 (PAD)和叶绿素含量缓降期 (RSP) ,水分处理间的PAD和RSP变化趋势为对照 >渍水 >干旱。各品种处理间叶、茎鞘、颖壳等营养器官花前贮藏同化物的运转率均为对照 >干旱 >渍水。而花后同化物输入籽粒量变化趋势为对照 >渍水 >干旱 ,花后同化氮素输入籽粒量为对照 >干旱 >渍水。各品种蛋白质产量为对照最高 ,渍水最低 ,不同水分处理间的差异达到显著水平。干旱处理显著提高了各品种籽粒蛋白质含量 ,而渍水与对照间的差异均不显著。干旱和渍水均显著降低了淀粉产量 ,不同水分处理对淀粉含量的影响因品种不同有所差异。以上结果表明 ,干旱处理明显降低小麦花后同化物输入籽粒量 ,而渍水处理则明显降低花前贮藏氮素再运转和花后同化氮素输入籽粒?

灌溉条件对小麦籽粒蛋白质组分积累及其品质的影响

利用防雨池栽方式研究土壤水分对 2个品质类型品种蛋白质积累及品质影响。结果表明 ,籽粒灌浆过程中蛋白质含量的动态变化呈“V”字型曲线。花后 7d和 14d均以水分亏缺严重处理最高 ,但至花后 35d ,济南 17以水分亏缺最严重的最低 ,鲁麦 2 1则以该处理最高。干旱能促进清蛋白和球蛋白含量在灌浆初期的积累 ,但至灌浆末期转为降低。土壤水分亏缺严重或过多均不利于贮藏蛋白的积累。籽粒中谷蛋白大聚合体 (GMP)含量在开花 7d后随着灌浆进程而增加 ,花后 14d土壤水分亏缺有促进积累的作用 ,而后 ,土壤水分严重亏缺或过多均不利于形成较多的GMP。适宜的灌水处理有利于籽粒积累较多的贮藏蛋白和GMP ,从而改善品质。严重水分亏缺降低籽粒容重、面筋含量、沉降值、面团形成时间、稳定时间和评价值 ,但一定程度土壤水分亏缺反而促其升高。

有机肥对济旱197开花后营养体内同化物积累运转及产量的影响

通过田间小区试验 ,研究了在灌溉条件下不同有机肥水平对冬小麦新品种济旱 197开花后营养体内同化物积累、运转和产量的影响。结果表明 ,开花后同一天 ,冬小麦同化物的积累量随有机肥水平提高而增加 ;增施有机肥有利于穗部营养体和倒 1节间同化物向籽粒输出 ,籽粒的灌浆速率增大 ,千粒重增加 ,从而使产量提高 ;在本试验条件下 ,30 m3/ hm2 的有机肥处理营养器官中同化物向籽粒的输出量最大。

冬小麦叶茎粒可溶性糖含量变化及其与籽粒淀粉积累的关系

在池栽条件下研究了鲁麦 2 2和鲁麦 14两个冬小麦品种旗叶、倒二茎、籽粒糖含量及籽粒淀粉积累速率的变化。结果表明 ,小麦叶片可溶性糖和蔗糖含量在开花后 15～ 2 0 d出现高峰 ;茎可溶性总糖、蔗糖和果聚糖含量变化呈单峰曲线 ,最高含量亦出现在花后 15～ 2 0 d;而籽粒可溶性总糖和蔗糖含量在灌浆期呈下降趋势。花后 2 0