Distribution of wire deformation within strands of wire ropes

Using ANSYS software, we developed a modeling program for several kinds of wire ropes with metal cores and built a geometric model for the 6×19 IWS wire rope. Through proper grid partitioning, a finite element model for calculating the deforma-tion of wire rope was obtained. Completely constraining one end of the wire rope and applying an axial force to the other end, we established the boundary conditions for solving the model. In addition, we numerically simulated the stress and deformation of the wire, obtaining the deformation distribution of each wire within the wire rope under different laying directions. At the end, a tensile test of the 6×19 IWS wire rope was carried out and the results of simulation and experiment compared.

Dynamic behavior of bridge-erecting machine subjected to moving mass suspended by wire ropes

The dynamic behavior of a bridge-erecting machine, carrying a moving mass suspended by a wire rope, is investigated. The bridge-erecting machine is modelled by a simply supported uniform beam, and a massless equivalent ＂spring-damper＂ system with an effective spring constant and an effective damping coefficient is used to model the moving mass suspended by the wire rope. The suddenly applied load is represented by a unitary Dirac Delta function. With the expansion method, a simple closed-form solution for the equation of motion with the replaced spring-damper-mass system is formulated. The characters of the rope are included in the derivation of the differential equation of motion for the system. The numerical examples show that the effects of the damping coefficient and the spring constant of the rope on the deflection have significant variations with the loading frequency. The effects of the damping coefficient and the spring constant under different beam lengths are also examined. The obtained results validate the presented approach, and provide significant references in the design process of bridgeerecting machines.

Key technique of a detection sensor for coal mine wire ropes

Wire ropes,employed extensively in coal mine hoists and transportation systems are subject to damage due to wear,corrosion and fatigue.The extent of damage and the carrying capacity of ropes are closely related to the sense of safety by staff and equipments.Magnetic flux leakage detection method(MFL),as an effective method,is these days widely used in detection of broken strands of wire ropes.In order to improve the accuracy of detection of flaws in wire ropes by magnetic flux leakage(MFL),the effect of the distance between a sensor and the surface of a wire rope(i.e.,lift-off) on detection by magnetic flux leakage was in-vestigated.An analysis of the main principles for the choice of lift-off is described by us and a new method that improves the structure of the detector is proposed from the point of view of the design of a magnetic circuit,to restrain the impact of fluctuations of sensor lift-off.The effect of this kind of method is validated by simulation and computation.The results show that the detection sensitivity is markedly increased by this method.Furthermore,the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) can be increased by over 28%.This method will lend itself to offer reliable scientific information to optimize the structure of excitation devices and improve the accuracy of MFL detection.

Aeroelastic Properties and Nonlinear Vibration Control of a Simply-Supported Lattice Sandwich Beam Embedded with Nitinol-Steel Wire Ropes

As a novel vibration absorber,Nitinol-steel wire rope(NiTi-ST)has rarely been studied on vibration suppression for lattice sandwich beams in supersonic airflow.In this paper,NiTi-ST with nonlinear stiffness and hysteretic damping is embedded in a lattice sandwich beam to control the beam's vibration.The nonlinear restoring and hysteretic damping force of NiTi-ST are treated as polynomials.The dynamic equation is established based on Hamilton's principle.The amplitude responses of the beam with different NiTi-ST configurations are calculated.The vibration-suppression effects and energy dissipation of lattice sandwich beam with different NiTi-ST configurations under different air velocities are also compared.The frequency-domain and time-domain methods are used to analyze the structural aeroelastic properties.Simulation results show that the use of NiTi-ST can significantly suppress excessive vibration of a lattice sandwich beam in supersonic airflow.

Effect of Tension on Friction Coefficient Between Lining and Wire Rope with Low Speed Sliding

In order to obtain the exact friction coefficient between lining and wire rope, the tension of wire rope is studied as a factor which affects this coefficient. A mechanical model of a wire rope subjected to axial load was established to determine the torque of the wire rope. The contact motion between lining and wire rope was regarded as a screw rotation and the axial force of the lining resulting from the torque of the wire rope was analyzed. Theoretical formulas relating tension of the wire rope and the friction coefficient was obtained. Experiments between lining and wire rope with low sliding speed were carried out with friction tester made by us. Experimental results show that increment of the friction coefficient is proportional to that of the tension of the wire rope with a low sliding speed. The experimental results agree with the theoretical calculation; the errors are less than 6%, which oroves the validity of the theoretical model.

Numerical investigation of the seismic response of a UHV composite bypass switch retrofitted with wire rope isolators

An ultra-high voltage(UHV)composite bypass switch(BPS)faces increasing seismic challenges when UHV projects extend to high seismic intensity areas.The UHV composite BPS still generates excessive stress at the bottom section although hollow composite insulators with high flexural strength are adopted.Since the standard retrofitting strategy by using stiffer supports cannot reduce stress responses,wire rope isolation is introduced.The optimal design of isolation considers both stress and displacement responses since the slenderness and composite material of insulators contribute to significant displacement.The results show that properly designed isolation can significantly reduce stress without excessive displacement responses.A larger radius configuration helps to improve the applicability of small stiffness isolators under high winds.When the isolation still cannot satisfy the requirement,smaller stiffness isolators with a larger radius,or isolators with increased loops and smaller radius,can be introduced to gain better energy dissipation capacity and effectiveness in response mitigation.Accordingly,a three-step design procedure is proposed to increase the damping force but fix the rotational stiffness of isolation.Hence,the application of wire rope isolation can be extended to UHV composite BPS with a low natural frequency,but conductors with enough redundancy should be used.

ELASTIC DEFORMATION ANALYSIS OF MULTILA YERED STRANDS

This paper describes a general model for the mechanical behavior studying of general wire rope strand. An exact solution of the deformation characteristics was given when the strands is under tensile and torsional loads. The theoretical results are useful in evaluating the extensional and torsional moduli of rigidity for the strands. Finally, a simple design criterion is establised for the nonrotating ropes.

Application of Low Temperature Liquid Sulfurization Catalyzed with Rare Earth on Cr12 Impacting Die

One kind of quenched Cr12 steel dies for impacting stainless steel wire rope （SSWR） was treated by low temperature liquid sulfurization catalyzed with rare earths, in order to extend their service life for assuring the continuity of production line, and simultaneously improve the surface quality of SSWR obtained. After immerged into the melting sulphur containing 4 % （mass fraction） of LaF3 and 1% of CeCl3 at 463 K for 4 h, the sulfurized dies were very smooth and black, with little distortion and hardness loss. They exhibited a certain extent of corrosion-resistance in air due to the coexisting rare earths in the sulfurized layer. Optical observations showed that the sulfurized layer was uniform and had scale-like structure. The trail of machined SSWR indicated that the production capacity of sulfurized dies had been doubled and the replacing period on line was postponed. SEM morphology also proved that the wear extent of cavities on sulfurized dies decreased greatly and the surface quality of SSWR obtained was improved markedly.

Vibration Control on Roadheader with Horizontal Cutting Head of Electric-Control-Box

Analysis and measurements of the vibration on AM50 horizontal axis roadheader of electric-control-box was carried out, and the vibration characteristics were obtained. Based on the results, a new type of wire rope isolator was designed, whose characteristics were examined by experiments. The tests show that the wire rope isolator achieves satisfied results and can meet the requirements for the vibration control of the roadheader of electric-control-box.

Research on Novel Linear Driving and Metamorphic Characteristics for Slider-actuated Parallel (Hybrid) Mechanism

This paper presents a novel one-axis linear-drive control system, in which wire rope is wound orderly around drum by servo motor drive and drays the working slider for a long linear reciprocating motion. PKM with this control system is metamorphic and can achieve great feed forces, accelerations and transverse speeds, high accuracy and low cost. The metamorphic characteristics are studied, including the metamorphic condition, con- tents, process as well as procedures. The kinematics computation model is established and analyzed.

Theoretical and Experimental Study on Tension–Torsion Coupling Vibration for Time-Varying Elevator Traction System

Elevators used in ultra-high buildings are prone to vibrating due to their ultra-long traction ropes,which significantly affects the comfort and safety of high-speed elevators.Therefore,vibration of the elevator has always been a topic of research interest.This paper presents a theoretical model for analyzing the tension–torsion coupling vibration of the time-varying elevator traction system.The constitutive relations with the tension–torsion coupling effect of the wire rope are reduced by analyzing the deformation mechanism of the spiral winding wire rope.Based on Hamilton’s principle,the equations of motion and corresponding boundary conditions for the tension–torsion coupling vibration of the elevator traction system are derived.The Galerkin method is employed to account for the influence of nonlinear boundary conditions and to transform the equations of motion into discrete ones with variable coefficients of time,which are solved using the Newmark-βmethod.The accuracy of the proposed model is justified by the good agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental results,following which,the influence of the operation status and structural parameters of the elevator traction system on its vibration performance is discussed in detail.