Design of Building Monitoring Systems Based on Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Network provides a potential technique for monitoring the indoor environment. This paper presents a Building Monitoring system based on Wireless Sensor Networks. A clustering-based network specified for building monitoring is proposed, which is inspired by LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Cluster Hierarchy) method. Further, two key ideas are used to implement the clustering-based network. First, the configuration module of building management software is used to conduct all nodes in a room forming a local cluster. This cluster formation method does not consume node energy. Second, because cluster-heads cannot directly transmit packets to the sink node due to limited wireless communication range, the cluster-head communications are represented by a multi-hop tree rooted at the sink node. The experiment has been made to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed results.

Monitoring System for Field Soil Water Content Based on the Wireless Sensor Network

[Objective] To water content monitoring study the application of wireless sensor network in field so and to discuss the methods for solving the problems of low sampling rate, high cost and poor real-time in actual monitoring. [Method] The architecture of wireless sensor network, network nodes, hardware design as well as principle for the program structure of software operating system and corresponding parameters were analyzed to illustrate the characteristics of monitoring system for field soil water content based on wireless sensor network, and the advantages in application of this system. [Result] Sensor nodes could correctly collect and transmit soil water content, realize stable data transmission of soil water content, indicating that wireless sensor network is suitable for real-time monitoring of field soil water content. [Conclusion] This study indicates that wireless sensor network possesses a widely application foreground in the development of agriculture.

Fire monitoring in coal mines using wireless underground sensor network and interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller

From the view of underground coal mining safety system, it is extremely important to continuous monitoring of coal mines for the prompt detection of fires or related problems inspite of its uncertainty and imprecise characteristics. Therefore, evaluation and inferring the data perfectly to prevent fire related accidental risk in underground coal mining (UMC) system are very necessary. In the present article, we have proposed a novel type-2 fuzzy logic system (T2FLS) for the prediction of fire intensity and its risk assessment for risk reduction in an underground coal mine. Recently, for the observation of underground coal mines, wireless underground sensor network (WUSN) are being concerned frequently. To implement this technique IT2FLS, main functional components are sensor nodes which are installed in coal mines to accumulate different imprecise environmental data like, temperature, relative humidity, different gas concentrations etc. and these are sent to a base station which is connected to the ground observation system through network. In the present context, a WUSN based fire monitoring system is developed using fuzzy logic approach to enhance the consistency in decision making system to improve the risk chances of fire during coal mining. We have taken Mamdani IT2FLS as fuzzy model on coal mine monitoring data to consider real-time decision making (DM). It is predicted from the simulated results that the recommended system is highly acceptable and amenable in the case of fire hazard safety with compared to the wired and off-line monitoring system for UMC. Legitimacy of the suggested model is prepared using statistical analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.

Wireless environmental monitoring system for transformer substation based on acoustic sensor

In this paper, an indoor environmental monitoring solution is proposed for the transformer sub- station system by using the ZigBee technology. It mainly analyzes the principle of sulfur hexafluoride sensor based on the acoustic method and puts forward a difference data processing method of single- channel and temperature compensation point at power consumption issues for sensor detection. The method not only reduces the sensor power consumption, but also ensures the accuracy and extends the lifetime of wireless sensor nodes effectively. This paper also analyzes the design of the base sta- tion mode, and demonstrates the running processes of routers and sensors. The feasibility of the pro- posed approach has been testified and proved.

ZigBee Sensor Network Platform for Health Monitoring of Rails Using Ambient Noise Correlation

WSNs （wireless sensor networks） can be used for railway infrastructure inspection and vehicle health monitoring. SHM （structural health monitoring） systems have a great potential to improve regular operation, security and maintenance routine of structures with estimating the state of its health and detecting the changes that affect its performance. This is vital for the development, upgrading, and expansion of railway networks. The work presented in this paper aims at the possible use of acoustic sensors coupled with ZigBee modules for health monitoring of rails. The detection principle is based on acoustic noise correlation techniques. Experiments have been performed in a rail sample to confirm the validity of acoustic noise correlation techniques in the rail. A wireless communication platform prototype based on the ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 technology has been implemented and deployed on a rail sample. Once the signals from the structure are collected, sensor data are transmitted through a ZigBee solution to the processing unit.

Data Reliability and Sensors Lifetime in Bridge Health Monitoring using LoRaWAN-Zigbee

The Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)is regarded as the fastest expanding technological trend in recent years due its application in a variety of sectors.In the monitoring region,several sensor nodes with various sensing capabilities are installed to gather appropriate data and communicate it to the gateway.The proposed system of the heterogeneous WSN employing LoRaWAN-Zigbee based hybrid communication is explored in this research study.To communicate in a network,two Long–Range Wide Area Network(LoRaWAN)sensor clusters and two Zigbee sensor clusters are employed,together with two Zigbee and LoRaWAN converters.The suggested Golden eagle shepherd optimization(GESO)method then forms Zigbee as well as LoRaWAN networking clusters.Furthermore,depending on energy usage and data packet size,the fitness of each sensor node is assessed using the Dynamic Intelligent Reasoning Based Neural(DIRN)approach.MATLAB software is used to implement and execute this study.When the Zigbee network’s transmission distance is 650 m and the LoRaWAN network’s transmission range is 3.5 km,the system can function with a packet loss rate of less than 0.04 percent.This study shows significant gains in the performance of the system when compared to traditional approaches based on digital findings obtained on software solutions.

Localized Coverage Connectivity Based on Shape and Area Using Mobile Sensor Robots in Wireless Sensor Networks

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is spatially distributing independent sensors to monitor physical and environmental characteristics such as temperature, sound, pressure and also provides different applications such as battlefield inspection and biological detection. The Constrained Motion and Sensor (CMS) Model represents the features and explain k-step reach ability testing to describe the states. The description and calculation based on CMS model does not solve the problem in mobile robots. The ADD framework based on monitoring radio measurements creates a threshold. But the methods are not effective in dynamic coverage of complex environment. In this paper, a Localized Coverage based on Shape and Area Detection (LCSAD) Framework is developed to increase the dynamic coverage using mobile robots. To facilitate the measurement in mobile robots, two algorithms are designed to identify the coverage area, (i.e.,) the area of a coverage hole or not. The two algorithms are Localized Geometric Voronoi Hexagon (LGVH) and Acquaintance Area Hexagon (AAH). LGVH senses all the shapes and it is simple to show all the boundary area nodes. AAH based algorithm simply takes directional information by locating the area of local and global convex points of coverage area. Both these algorithms are applied to WSN of random topologies. The simulation result shows that the proposed LCSAD framework attains minimal energy utilization, lesser waiting time, and also achieves higher scalability, throughput, delivery rate and 8% maximal coverage connectivity in sensor network compared to state-of-art works.

An Eco-Hydrology Wireless Sensor Demonstration Network in High-Altitude and Alpine Environment in the Heihe River Basin of China

The emerging of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology has brought new opportunities for data intensive observation in eco-hydrological research and environment monitoring. To make up for the insufficiencies of space observation data for models in eco-hydrology processes research of inland river basin which constrain the construction of accurate modeling and simulation, a sub-basin of the Heihe River Basin named Hulugou has been selected to perform the deployment and research for wireless sensor network from the perspective of eco-hydrology. In this paper, we discussed the system framework, the demonstration research area, the deployment of sensor nodes and the network topology of wireless sensor network. Finally, the study has summarized existing problems and experiences of wireless sensor network in these eco-hydrological applications and the available researches in hard environment. In the future, we will deploy a large number of sensor nodes in the long-term fine-grained eco-hydrological elements observing environment to form lots of homogeneous or heterogeneous wireless sensor networks.

Design and Research on the Chinese Medicine Health Management System Based on the Wireless Sensor Network

In view of the rapid growth of China's aging population and the rising demand for the medical services,it is more necessary to build a health management system of the traditional Chinese medicine based on the wireless sensor networks.This design combines the ZigBee technology,the city grid management and the virtual reality technology,to establish a real-time,accurate and fine health monitoring system,so as to comprehensively improve the efficiency,quality and level of people's health management.

A Comparative Assessment of Floating and Submerged Sensor Network Deployments for Monitoring Underwater Sediment Transport Processes

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are a pioneering technology in many environmental monitoring applications owing to their ability to be deployed for long periods of time in locations that cannot be reached manually. One such use-case is the monitoring of underwater sediment transport, a process that plays a significant role in coastal erosion. Previous examples of WSNs deployed for this purpose have been in the form of underwater sensor networks (UWSNs), which have a number of shortcomings from both a practical and technical viewpoint. As such, this paper provides a comparative assessment of UWSNs and an alternative deployment approach of floating echo- sounding sensor networks for the purpose of monitoring underwater sediment transport.

基于ZigBee技术的实验室环境监控系统设计与实现

为解决计量检测实验室温湿度监测面临的效率低、误差大、不确定性强等问题,文章以无线传感器网络为基础,设计了一套基于ZigBee技术的实验室环境监控系统,实现了对计量检测实验室环境温湿度的精准采集和实时监测。实际应用结果表明,该系统能够实现对多区域环境温湿度数据的实时采集、显示、存储、超限报警、历史趋势分析等功能,运行平稳,为实验室温湿度监控提供了一种高效可行的解决方案。

Key Environmental Factors Monitoring System of Low-power Greenhouse Based on WSN Technology

A low-power environmental monitoring system based on WSN technology is proposed to effectively monitor the environmental status and ensure the healthy growth of greenhouse crops in the greenhouse. The system performs dynamic mon- itoring on the environmental data of temperature, humidity, illumination, soil tempera- ture and humidity of the greenhouse, and it reduces the energy consumption by us- ing solar energy and lithium battery as the power supply mode and dynamic power management algorithm combined with improved routing protocol. Stable and reliable, the system could effectively monitor the key environmental factors in the green- house, making it of certain promotion value.

基于NB-IoT和ZigBee的物联网智能建筑环境监控方法

现阶段,物联网技术已经广泛应用到智能建筑行业中,但在环境监控方面依然较为薄弱,智能建筑安全水平仍然不高,提出基于窄带物联网(NB-IoT)和ZigBee的物联网智能建筑环境监控方法。融合NB-IoT和ZigBee无线通信技术生成无线组网,将智能传感器作为数据采集节点,获取智能建筑环境监控数据,并对获取到的数据进行预处理。搭建多层簇网络结构,动态化选取簇头,融合全部环境监控数据并构建智能建筑风险矩阵。通过计算智能建筑风险数值评估建筑风险,从而实现智能建筑环境监控。实验结果表明,应用该方法后环境监控网络能耗更低,环境监控数据融合时间更短,智能建筑风险评估结果更加接近实际评估结果,充分证实了该方法具有较好的智能建筑环境监控效果。

Sensor Networking: Concepts, Applications, and Challenges

Sensor network has experienced world-wide explosive interests in recent years. It combines the technology of modern microelectronic sensors, embedded computational processing systems, and modern computer and wireless networking methodologies. In this overview paper, we first provide some rationales for the growth of sensor networking. Then we discuss various basic concepts and hardware issues. Four basic application cases in the US. National Science Foundation funded Ceneter for Embedded Networked Sensing program at UCLA are presented. Finally, six challenging issues in sensor networks are discussed. Numerous references including relevant papers, books, and conferences that have appeared in recent years are given.

Development of underground mine monitoring and communication system integrated ZigBee and GIS

An automated underground mine monitoring and communication system based on the integration of new technologies is introduced to promote safety and health,operational management and cost-effectiveness.The proposed system integration considering Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) assisted Geographic Information System(GIS) enables to monitor and control underground mining applications from surface office.Based on the capabilities of WSNs,ZigBee network is adapted for near real-time monitoring,ventilation system control and emergency communication in underground mine.ZigBee nodes were developed to sense environmental attributes such as temperature,humidity and gases concentration;switching ON and OFF ventilation fans;and texting emergency messages.A trigger action plan for monitored attributes above normal and threshold value limits is programmed in the surface GIS management server.It is designed to turn the auxiliary fans on remotely or automatically in orange condition and sending evacuation messages for underground miners in unsafe(red) condition.Multi-users operation and 3D visualisations are other successful achievements of the proposed system for the underground monitoring and communication.

基于ZigBee的山区农田环境监测系统设计

针对山区农田特殊的地貌和环境,研究并设计一种基于ZigBee无线传感网络技术的农田环境监测系统。该系统通过多种传感器对山区农田环境数据进行实时监测,采集的数据可以在智能手机App端进行可视化展示,为农田智能化管理提供了参考信息,同时系统提供了远程控制农田浇水灌溉功能。该系统在枣庄市山亭区徐庄镇山区农田进行了实地测试,实验结果表明该系统能够实现对山区农田环境数据的有效监测,且该系统成本低、精度高、便于维护,有较强的可用性和可靠性。

A Design of Modern Greenhouse Environmental Monitoring System

Based on the problems in the current greenhouse environmental monitoring system such as difficult connection layout,low flexibility and high costs,this paper builds the greenhouse environmental monitoring system based on wireless sensor network,and designs the sensor nodes and gateway nodes. The sensor nodes of this system are responsible for collecting environmental parameters and sending the data to gateway nodes via wireless sensor network. And the gateway nodes transmit the data to the remote monitoring platform. The microprocessor module of node hardware uses MSP430F149 microprocessor for data processing and control; wireless communication module consists of nRF905 RF chip and peripheral circuit,responsible for transmitting and receiving data; sensor module uses AM2301 sensor for data measurement; the power supply module uses the circuit consisting of LT1129-3. 3,LT1129-5 and Max660 to provide 3. 3 and ± 5V power. The C language development is employed for wireless routing protocol of node and time synchronization algorithm,to achieve node data acquisition and processing,rule forwarding and remote transmission. Remote monitoring software uses NET. ASP,HTML and C# development to provide visual WEB mode remote data management platform for users. The system goes through networking testing in greenhouse in Xining City,and test results show that the system operation is stable and reliable,and the average network packet loss rate is 2. 4%,effectively solving the problems in greenhouse environmental monitoring system and meeting the application requirements of greenhouse cultivation environmental monitoring.

基于ZigBee技术的家居空气质量检测系统

为解决家居环境中的有毒气体对健康的潜在危害,文章设计了一套基于ZigBee技术的家居空气质量检测系统,可以检测温湿度、CO和甲醛等参数。该系统由数据采集模块、主控制模块、报警模块和液晶显示模块组成。系统中的2个CC2530 ZigBee芯片分别作为协调器和终端与传感器及其他硬件模块配合工作。该系统可以实时监测和显示室内空气质量,对空气质量变化进行预警,实现家居环境监测。

Cars as a Diffuse Network of Road-Environment Monitoring Nodes

The present paper aims to describe the conceptual idea to use cars as sensors to measure and acquire data related road environment. The parameters are collected using only standard equipment commonly installed and operative on commercial cars. Real sensors and car sub-systems (e.g. thermometers, accelerometers, ABS, ESP, and GPS) together with other “implicit” sensors (e.g. fog lights, windscreen wipers) acquire and contain information. They are shared inside an in-vehicle communication network using mainly the standard CAN bus and can be collected by a simple central node. This node can also be available on the market without too expensive costs thanks to some companies which business is devoted to car fleet monitoring. All the collected data are then geolocalized using a standard GPS receiver and sent to a remote elaboration unit, exploiting mobile network technologies such as GPRS or UMTS. A large number of cars, connected together in a diffuse Wireless Sensor Network, allow the elaboration unit to realize some info-layers put at the disposal of a car driver. Traffic, state of the road and other information about the weather can be received by car drivers using an ad hoc developed mobile application for smartphone which can give punctual information related to a specific route, previously set on the mobile phone navigator. The description of some experimental activities is presented, some technical points will be addressed and some examples of applications of the network of cars “as sensors” will be given.