In-Network Puncturing for Delay-Efficient Rate Control of Distributed Video Coding in Wireless Video Sensor Networks

Wyner-Ziv Video Coding （WZVC） is considered as a promising video coding scheme for Wireless Video Sensor Networks （WVSNs） due to its high compression efficiency and error resilience functionalities, as well as its low encoding complex- ity. To achieve a good Rate-Distortion （R-D） per- formance, the current WZVC paradi^prls usually a- dopt an end-to-end rate control scheme in which the decoder repeatedly requests the additional deco- ding data from the encoder for decoding Wyner-Ziv frames. Therefore, the waiting time of the additional decoding data is especially long in multihop WVSNs. In this paper, we propose a novel pro- gressive in-network rate control scheme for WZVC. The proposed in-network puncturing-based rate control scheme transfers the partial channel codes puncturing task from the encoder to the relay nodes. Then, the decoder can request the addition- al decoding data from the relay nodes instead of the encoder, and the total waiting time for deco- ding Wyner-Ziv frames is reduced consequently. Simulation results validate the proposed rate con- trol scheme.

Error resilient concurrent video streaming over wireless mesh networks

In this paper, we propose a multi-source multi-path video streaming system for supporting high quality concurrent video-on-demand (VoD) services over wireless mesh networks (WMNs), and leverage forward error correction to enhance the error resilience of the system. By taking wireless interference into consideration, we present a more realistic networking model to capture the characteristics of WMNs and then design a route selection scheme using a joint rate/interference-distortion optimiza- tion framework to help the system optimally select concurrent streaming paths. We mathematically formulate such a route selec- tion problem, and solve it heuristically using genetic algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme.

Joint routing and rate allocation for multiple video streams in ad-hoc wireless networks

The support for multiple video streams in an ad-hoc wireless network requires appropriate routing and rate allocation measures ascertaining the set of links for transmitting each stream and the encoding rate of the video to be delivered over the chosen links. The routing and rate allocation procedures impact the sustained quality of each video stream measured as the mean squared error (MSE) distortion at the receiver, and the overall network congestion in terms of queuing delay per link. We study the trade-off between these two competing objectives in a convex optimization formulation, and discuss both centralized and dis- tributed solutions for joint routing and rate allocation for multiple streams. For each stream, the optimal allocated rate strikes a balance between the selfish motive of minimizing video distortion and the global good of minimizing network congestions, while the routes are chosen over the least-congested links in the network. In addition to detailed analysis, network simulation results using ns-2 are presented for studying the optimal choice of parameters and to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed measures.

A network condition classification scheme for supporting video delivery over wireless Internet*

Real-time video transport over wireless Internet faces many challenges due to the heterogeneous environment including wireline and wireless networks. A robust network condition classification algorithm using multiple end-to-end metrics and Support Vector Machine (SVM) is proposed to classify different network events and model the transition pattern of network conditions. End-to-end Quality-of-Service (QoS) mechanisms like congestion control, error control, and power control can benefit from the network condition information and react to different network situations appropriately. The proposed network condition classifica- tion algorithm uses SVM as a classifier to cluster different end-to-end metrics such as end-to-end delay, delay jitter, throughput and packet loss-rate for the UDP traffic with TCP-friendly Rate Control (TFRC), which is used for video transport. The algorithm is also flexible for classifying different numbers of states representing different levels of network events such as wireline congestion and wireless channel loss. Simulation results using network simulator 2 (ns2) showed the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Predictive Block-Matching Algorithm for Wireless Video Sensor Network Using Neural Network

This paper proposed a back propagation neural network model for predictive block-matching. Predictive block-matching is a way to significantly decrease the computational complexity of motion estimation, but the traditional prediction model was proposed 26 years ago. It is straight forward but not accurate enough. The proposed back propagation neural network has 5 inputs, 5 neutrons and 1 output. Because of its simplicity, it requires very little calculation power which is negligible compared with existing computation complexity. The test results show 10% - 30% higher prediction accuracy and PSNR improvement up to 0.3 dB. The above advantages make it a feasible replacement of the current model.

On the QoS Assessment of Video Sessions in Heterogeneous 3G-WLAN Networks with Seamless and Secure Mobility Support

Real-time video data transmission is currently emerging as a popular application among mobile users but it is very sensitive to QoS degradation due to packet losses in wireless networks.In order to achieve service continuity and integrity upon handoffs among heterogeneous networks,provisioning of seamless and secure mobility is required.However,in order to reduce the delay and packet losses during vertical handovers we need to employ supportive protocols like context transfer.In this paper we evaluate the QoS of video transmission over a heterogeneous 3G-WLAN network.The aggregate video data traffic is represented by a dynamic two-dimensional Markov chain model,which has been evaluated against real video data measurement.Upon the vertical handover, appropriate AAA handshaking and enhanced mobility management using context transfer have been considered.Perceived QoS evaluation of video streams was performed based on peak signal-noise ratio(PSNR) measurements,while we analyticallyestimated the number of packet losses during handovers.The results show that both packet loss within the converged network and loss occurrence affecting the perceived video quality is reduced. Moreover,the proposed context transfer scheme minimizes handover delay and the number of lost packet up to 3 times compared to standard AAA handshaking.

Streaming Multimedia over Wireless Mesh Networks

Wireless mesh network (WMN) research is an emerging field in network communications. However, WMNs pose several difficulties in the transmission of information, especially time critical applications such as streaming video and audio. In this paper, we provide an overview of several research papers which utilize mesh networks for streaming multimedia. We compare the results of the research and the significance they bring to the field of wireless mesh networks. We then provide possible directions for future research into wireless mesh networks as they apply to streaming multimedia.

Mobile Positioning System Based on the Wireless Sensor Network in Buildings

Established on the Intel Multi-Core Embedded platform, using 802.11 Wireless Network protocols as the communication medium, combining with Radio Frequency-Communication and Ultrasonic Ranging, imple-ment a mobile terminal system in an intellectualized building. It can provide its holder such functions: 1) Accurate Positioning 2) Intelligent Navigation 3) Video Monitoring 4) Wireless Communication. The inno-vative point for this paper is to apply the multi-core computing on the embedded system to promote its com-puting speed and give a real-time performance and apply this system into the indoor environment for the purpose of emergent event or rescuing.

Multimedia Streaming for Ad Hoc Wireless Mesh Networks Using Network Coding

Over the past years, we have witnessed an explosive growth in the use of multimedia applications such as audio and video streaming with mobile and static devices. Multimedia streaming applications need new approaches to multimedia transmissions to meet the growing volume demand and quality expectations of multimedia traffic. This paper studies network coding which is a promising paradigm that has the potential to improve the performance of networks for multimedia streaming applications in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR), latency and jitter. This paper examines several network coding protocols for ad hoc wireless mesh networks and compares their performance on multimedia streaming applications with optimized broadcast protocols, e.g., BCast, Simplified Multicast Forwarding (SMF), and Partial Dominant Pruning (PDP). The results show that the performance increases significantly with the Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC) scheme.

基于数字签名的无线通信网络视频数据安全传输方法

常规的无线通信网络视频数据传输方法丢包率较高,因此,该文基于数字签名,设计一种全新的无线通信网络视频数据安全传输方法。构建视频数据安全传输模型,利用数字签名生成通信网络视频数据安全传输框架,实现无线通信网络视频数据的安全传输。实验结果表明,无线通信网络视频数据安全传输方法的传输丢包率较低,传输效果较好,可靠性较高,有一定的应用价值。

煤矿井下人员定位视频监控系统设计与实施

以无线网络技术为依托,开发了一种煤矿井下人员定位视频监控系统方案。该系统包括系统管理、人员定位、视频监控、报警等功能模块,通过这些功能的协同作用,能有效管理井下人员,准确显示其位置信息,有助于提升煤矿井下人员的管理水平,加强对井下人员生命安全的保护。结果表明,该系统具有一定的应用价值。

面向高速移动场景的高速公路视频采集和自动化传输系统设计

针对高速移动带来的多普勒频移以及子载波干扰,设计了面向高速移动场景下的高速公路视频采集和自动化传输系统。通过数据采集层获取高速公路开关量信号以及视频信息,由数据处理层对其作降噪及增强,采用数据传输层的无线数字传输网络调用基于BEM-wiener的信道估计算法确定高速公路视频传输信道,完成视频信息的上传后,通过应用层分析,实现高速公路路况及突发异常事件的监测。通过试验,得出该系统可采集高速公路视频图像,视频图像清晰、视野宽阔、路况信息丰富;高速移动场景下高速公路视频数据包接收成功率达到0.9左右,BER指标值最小,数据传输效率高,传输时间最多不超过2.5 s,且丢包率小,最大丢包率为1.25%,具有较强的应用性。

Distributed media cooperation for enhanced video communication

The author designed two algorithms for distributed cooperation among multiple video streams sharing common communication resources. The algorithms take advantage of an optimization framework that characterizes video packets such that joint resource allocation can be implemented not only over the packets of a single stream, but also across packets of different streams. The first algorithm enables collaboration among multiple video senders in an 802.11 CSMA/CA wireless network such that their joint performance is maximized. Via the algorithm, the users cooperatively establish transmission priorities based on the assigned characterizations of their video packets. The second technique allows for low-complexity joint bandwidth adaptation of multiple video streams at intermediate network nodes in the Internet in order to maximize the overall network performance. The author analyzes the advantages of the proposed algorithms over conventional solutions employed in such scenarios. It is shown that depending on system parameters such as available network data rate the proposed techniques can provide substantial gains in end-to-end performance.

基于WSN的幼儿园监测系统设计

为提高幼儿园办园质量和管理水平,进一步加强安全管理、消除安全隐患、为幼儿提供安全的成长环境,文章设计了基于无线传感器网络技术、射频识别技术的幼儿园监测系统,通过3个部分解决幼儿园的监测问题。该系统同时解决了监测教室环境参数的问题,家长可登录网页实时查看孩子的在校视频。

Multi-radio access based bandwidth allocation strategy for video communication in heterogeneous wireless networks

In order to make full use of the radio resource of heterogeneous wireless networks（HWNs） and promote the quality of service（Qo S） of multi-homing users for video communication, a bandwidth allocation algorithm based on multi-radio access is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm adopts an improved distributed common radio resource management（DCRRM） model which can reduce the signaling overhead sufficiently. This scheme can be divided into two phases. In the first phase, candidate network set of each user is obtained according to the received signal strength（RSS）. And the simple additive weighted（SAW） method is employed to determine the active network set. In the second phase, the utility optimization problem is formulated by linear combining of the video communication satisfaction model, cost model and energy efficiency model. And finding the optimal bandwidth allocation scheme with Lagrange multiplier method and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker（KKT） conditions. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm promotes the network load performances and guarantees that users obtain the best joint utility under current situation.

移动视频监控系统在矿用无极绳梭车上的应用

简述了移动视频监控系统在矿用无极绳梭车上应用的研制背景,提出了该系统的组成结构、工作原理和技术参数,对该系统在寺河煤矿二号井井下无极绳梭车上的应用情况进行了分析,应用结果表明该系统能够确保无极绳梭车在无人的情况下安全稳定地运行。

Real-time ultra-wideband video streaming in long-reach passive optical networks with wireless radiation in the 10 and 60 GHz bands

Real-time video streaming using ultra-wideband(UWB) technology is experimentally demonstrated along long-reach passive optical networks(LR-PONs) with different wired and wireless reaches. Experimental tests using external and direct modulation with UWB wireless radiation in the 10- and 60-GHz bands are performed. An ultra-bendable fiber is also considered for a last-mile distribution. The video quality at the output of the optical fiber infrastructure of the LR-PON is assessed using the error vector magnitude(EVM), and the link quality indicator(LQI) is used as a figure of merit after wireless radiation. An EVM below –17 dB is achieved for both externally and directly modulated LR-PONs comprising up to 125 km of optical fiber. EVM improvement is observed for longer LR-PONs when directly modulated lasers(DMLs) are used because of the amplitude gain provided by the combined effect of dispersion and DML's chirp. Compared with optical back-to-back operation, the LQI level degrades to the maximum around 20% for LR-PONs ranging between 75 and 125 km of fiber reach and with a wireless coverage of 2 m in the 10-GHz UWB band. The same level of LQI degradation is observed using the 60-GHz UWB band with a LR-PON integrating 101 km of access network, a last-mile distribution using ultra-bendable fiber, and a 5.2-m wireless link.

视频传感器网络中无盲区监视优化

针对监控区域存在障碍物的情况,从无线视频传感节点的有向感知特性出发,讨论了视频传感器网络覆盖效果与监控区域之间的相互关系.在此基础上,定义了视频传感器网络的无盲区覆盖模型.基于虚拟势场的工作原理,提出了一种适用于无盲区覆盖模型的覆盖率动态优化算法PFOFSA(potential field based occlusion-free surveillance algorithm).设计了PFOFSA中虚拟力的相互作用方法与监控节点运动规则,通过监控区域、重叠区域和遮挡区域之间的相互作用,逐步消除网络中的感知重叠区和盲区,优化视频无线传感器网络的覆盖率.最后,通过一系列的仿真实验分析了不同监控区域参数对PFOFSA算法的影响,验证了算法的有效性.

基于量子遗传算法的无线视频传感网络优化覆盖算法

针对智慧城市无线视频传感网络建设需要,提出一种基于量子遗传算法的网络优化覆盖算法。算法面向复杂的监视区场景,监视区中存在形状各异的障碍物,各区域的重要程度不同。以二维离散网格模型描述监视区场景,用编码描述矩阵表示监视区域,用七元组描述有向无线视频传感器。通过严格的数学推导得出了问题的数学规划模型。优化覆盖算法由Intial Deployment算法和Optimized Deployment算法2部分组成,以获得最大有效覆盖率的网络部署方案为求解目标。采用量子遗传算法搜索解空间,通过合理编码染色体,优化量子旋转门参数,使算法的运算速度快,收敛性好。引入理想覆盖率和理想加权覆盖率2个极限值,采用相对比较法评判算法优劣。仿真实验和数据分析表明,算法获得的方案能很好地逼近理想极限值。在传感器节点数给定的情况下,算法能获得最大的覆盖率。