REE geochemistry of gangue minerals and their geological significance in the Muli antimony ore deposit in Yunnan, China

The Muli antimony deposit is located in the Au-Sb polymetallic metallogenic belt in south-eastern Yunnan,China.In this paper,we investigated the concentrations of trace elements in gangue minerals,mainly calcite,quartz,and pyrite,which were formed at different metallogenic stages.Meanwhile,the host rocks,predominantly composed of limestone,are also analysed for comparison.The calcite from the Nadan ore section is enriched with medium-heavy rare earth elements(M-HREEs),likely due to the presence of a high concentration of Fe and Mn impurities,which results in the preferential enrichment of M-HREEs in the calcite.Alternatively,the calcite may be precipitated from the M-HREE・rich granitic leaching fluid.In the Muli ore section,both quartz and pyrite in the metallogenic period show enrichment with light rare earth elements(LREEs),and the wall rock is also enriched with LREEs,which indicates that the wall rock material was involved in the metallogenic process.The W-shaped tetrad effect of quartz in the late metallogenic stage was interpreted to determine extensive flu id-rock interactions in highly fractionated Si-rich systems.Fe and Mn impurities cause M-HREE to be preferentially enriched with calcite to some extent.Whether mineralization is related to granite deserves further study.Eu and Ce anomalies of different types of gangue minerals indicate that the temperature and the fO2 were constantly changing during mineralization,and the temperature of the main ore-stage was higher than 200°C in an oxidized state.The various REE patterns,LREE/HREE and(La/Yb)N values,reveal that there may be multi-sources and multi-stage hydrothermal activities in the Muli antimony deposit.The REE distribution patterns of minerals are likely interfered with by many internal and external factors.Studies on REE characteristics of calcite,quartz,pyrite and limestone in the Muli antimony deposit have greatly improved the understanding of ore-forming fluids.When we traced the origin and evolution of ore・forming fluids by means of mineral REE distribution patterns,in addition to the determination of inclusions of ore minerals related to mineralization and the in situ analysis methods performed by LA-ICP-MS,we should also com・bine the REE characteristics of various minerals or trace the ore-forming fluids with multiple methods.

Origin of the hydrate bound gases in the Juhugeng Sag, Muli Basin, Tibetan Plateau

The Juhugeng Sag,located in northwest of the Muli Basin,Tibetan Plateau,has been investigated for coal and petroleum resources during the past several decades.There have been successful recoveries of gas hydrates during recent years from the Middle Jurassic Yaojie Formation that offer insight into the origin of the hydrocarbon gases from the complex sag feature.This study examines the organic geochemical and stable carbon isotopic characteristics of shale and coal samples from the Middle Jurassic Yaojie Formation of the Juhugeng Sag,as well as compares with carbon isotopes,gas amounts and components of hydrate-bound gas.A total of 19 samples from surface mining,including 12 samples of black shale and 7 samples of coal,were analysed using a micro-photometer,a gas chromatograph,Rock–Eval and isotope methods.All the shale samples contained 100%type I kerogen,and the random vitrinite reflectance values vary from 0.65%to 1.32%and achieve thermal pyrolysis phase.Isotope values of methane(δ13C ranging from−52.6‰to−39.5‰andδD ranging from−285‰to−227‰)in the hydrate bound gases suggest that the methane originates mainly from thermogenic contributions.It is proposed that ethane from the gas hydrate is thermogenic-produced,and this conjecture is supported by the fact that most of the gas hydrate also contains more than 30%of thermogenic C2+hydrocarbons and is similar to structure II hydrate.Carbon isotope data from the gas hydrates show a positive carbon isotope series(δ13C1<δ13C2<δ13C3),with ethaneδ13C values being lighter than−28.5‰,as high consistency with source rocks from the Jurassic period indicate thermal oil-prone gas.A model of the accumulation of gas hydrate is plotted.However,the gaseous sources of gas hydrates may be a subject for more research.

Spatial Distribution and Sources Identification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Wolong Lake, Northeast China

The aquatic ecosystem maybe significantly affected by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) released from fresh water sediments. In order to protect biodiversity, the spatial distribution and sources of PAHs in the sediment of Wolong Lake in Northeast China were studied. A total of 17 surface sediment samples were collected and 12 PAHs were analyzed. The results were as follows. The concentration of total PAHs(TPAHs) ranged between 1412.9 μg/kg and 3948.3 μg/kg(dry weight). Indeno [1, 2, 3-c, d] pyrene was the dominant contaminant which accounted for 87%–98% of TPAHs. Diagnostic ratios of PAHs and principal component analysis showed that biomass combustion and vehicle emissions were likely to be the dominant sources of PAHs in the sediment. PAHs can be considered safe in the context of environmental and human health protection, based on the overall toxicity. Individual PAHs were positively correlated with total organic carbons. These results will be helpful to control PAHs and protect the aquatic ecosystem in the lake.

A Case Study on the Occurrence and Mobility of the Shale Oil from the Muli Coalfield,Qilian Mountain

Shale oil occurs in free state （including condensate state）, adsorption state （adsorbed on kerogen and mineral particles） and dissolved state （dissolved in natural gas, residual water, etc.） in shales and adjacent layers. The characterization of the occurrence of different hydrocarbons in shale oil, especially the quantitative separation of free hydrocarbons （mobile oil）, has been the current focus of shale oil research. Taken the shale oil from the Muli coalfield in Qilian Mountain as an example, this work extracted shale samples with organic solvents of different polarity to obtain different occurrence states of hydrocarbons in the oil-bearing shale and to reveal the compositional differences of the hydrocarbons. The result may provide new geochemical information for the occurrence and mobility of shale oil.

Geochemistry Characteristics of Granodiorite Porphyry in the Degongniuchang Copper Deposit, Muli, Sichuan Province, China

1 Introduction 1The Sanjiang region in SE Tibet Plateau and NW Yunnan is known to have formed by amalgamation of Gongwanaderived continental blocks and arc terranes as a result of oceanic subduction followed by continental

Structural Characteristics of the Suoluogou Gold Deposit in Muli County, West Sichuan Province

The Suoluogou gold deposit in Muli County of Sichuan Province is located in the southern section of the Ganzi- Litang suture zone （Figs. la, b）, which is the largest gold deposit discovered in this suture zone in recent years. At present, the exploration of the Suoluogou gold deposit is still in progress, and the amount of resource is increasing.

Gas Sources of Natural Gas Hydrates in the Muli Permafrost of Qilian Mountain

The gas hydrates in the permafrost region of Qilian Mountain are characterized by low latitude, thin thickness, shallow burial depth, abundant coal seams, high contents of heavy hydrocarbons and multiple sets of source rocks. Up to date, the source of gas or the main source rocks of the Mull gas hydrates have remained unclear.

Formation Age and Tectonic Setting of the Muli Arc-Ophiolite Complex in the South Qilian Belt, NW China

The Qilian orogenic belt is the northernmost orogen of the Tethyan domain and connects the Altaids to the north. It contains an assembly of Precambrian micro-continental fragments, early Paleozoic island arcs, accretionary complexes, ophiolites, forearc and backarc basins, and high-pressure(HP) metamorphic rocks, indicating a long history of accretionary processes. Spatially, this orogen is adjacent to the Tarim, Qaidam, and North China blocks, which also extends into accretionary orogenic belts to the east and SW such as the Qinling and Kunlun belts. Abundant ophiolites in this orogen record the closure of an early Tethyan Ocean and amalgamations between micro-continents of North China, Qaidam, and Tarim. Thus, the ages and tectonic settings of these ophiolites within this belt provide important information regarding evolution of the Proto-Tethys Ocean and assembly of micro-continental blocks, which aids understanding of the spatial and temporal relationship of this orogen within the Tethyan realm. Dismembered ophiolites sporadically crop out along the northern margin of the South Qilian belt, and, from east to west, are locally referred to as the Lajishan, Gangcha, Muli, and Dadaoerji ophiolites. Much attention had been paid to these ophiolites, and several competing models for the tectonic evolution of this belt have been suggested. Considerable disagreement remains in respect of the temporal and spatial framework of the Qilian Orogen and details such as timing of subduction(s) and associated polarities, early collision events, and final closure of oceanic basins. In particular, the formation age and tectonic setting of Muli arc-ophiolite complex remains unknown, which limits understanding of the tectonics of the South Qilian belt and the history of the Proto-Tethys Ocean. The Muli arc-ophiolite complex is distributed over 20 km^2 west of the township of Muli in the western segment of the South Qilian Belt and consists of serpentinite, dunite, cumulate gabbro, basalt, plagiogranite, and chert. Field mapping results demonstrate that these units have been largely destroyed by faulting and generally occur as blocks/slices. They are tectonically interlayered with Upper Ordovician – Lower Silurian siliciclastic turbidite. Arc-ophiolite rocks are intruded by 470–450 Ma subduction-related granitoid plutons and are unconformably overlain by shallow marine to non-marine sediments of Permian-Jurassic age. Basalts show typical subduction-related calc-alkaline geochemical affinity, representing portions of an island arc. Geochemical results for plagiogranites and spinels from serpentinite demonstrate that the Muli arc-ophiolite complex represents a super-subduction zone(SSZ)-type ophiolite. U-Pb zircon data indicate formation associated with southward subduction of the Proto-Tethyan Ocean during a short interval between 539–522 Ma. Voluminous Late Ordovician-Early Silurian deep-water marine siliciclastic and volcaniclastic turbidites and volcanic arc rocks are exposed to the south of the Muli arc-ophiolite complex, whereas fluvial coarse-grained sandstones and conglomerates unconformably overlie the Cambrian-Middle Ordovician ophiolite-arc systems in the eastern South Qilian Belt. These indicate that closure of the Proto-Tethys Ocean was diachronous during the early Paleozoic.

Applying the AHP-FUZZY method to evaluate the measure effect of rubble roadbed engineering in permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: a case study of Chaidaer-Muli Railway

This article attempts to investigate the measure effect of rubble roadbed engineering in permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. As a case study, Chaidaer-Muli Railway is used to evaluate the measure effect of rubble roadbed engineering in permafrost regions. The AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method is thus employed to establish the evaluation indicator system. The evaluation factor is selected by analyzing the mutual relation between the permafrost environment and roadbed engineering. Thus, a hierarchical structure model is established based on the selected evaluation indices. Each factor is weighted to determine the status in the evaluation system, and grading standards are built for providing a basis for the evaluation. Then, the fuzzy mathematical method is introduced to evaluate the measure effect of rubble roadbed engineering in permafrost regions along the Chadaer-Muli Railway. Results show that most of the permafrost roadbed is in a preferable condition(b) along the Chaidaer-Muli Railway due to rubble engineering measures. This proportion reaches to 86.1%. The proportion in good(a), general(c) and poor states(d) are 0.0%, 7.5% and 6.4%, respectively, in all the evaluation sections along the Chaidaer-Muli Railway. Ground-temperature monitoring results are generally consistent with AHP-FUZZY evaluation results. This means that the AHP-FUZZY method can be applied to evaluate the effect of rubble roadbed engineering measures in permafrost regions. The effect evaluation of engineering measures will provide timely and effective feedback information for further engineering design. The series of engineering measures will more effectively protect permafrost stability.

Chaihu Longgu Muli Decoction relieving temporal lobe epilepsy in rats by inhibiting TLR4 signaling pathway through miR-146a-3p and miR-146a-5p

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of Chaihu Longgu Muli Decoction(柴胡龙骨牡蛎汤,CHLGMLD)in rats with temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE).Methods A total of 80 Sprague-Dawley(SD)male rats were randomized into control(CON),model(MOD),carbamazepine(CBZ,0.1 g/kg),CHLGMLD low dose(CHLGMLD-L,12.5 g/kg),and high dose(CHLGMLD-H,25 g/kg)groups,with 16 rats in each group.TLE rat models were established in the four groups with the use of lithium-pilocarpine except for the CON group.After the successful establishment of TLE models,all drugs were administered through gavage,and distilled water was given to rats in the CON and MOD groups for four weeks.The frequency and duration of seizures before and after treatment were recorded for the evaluation of the alleviation degree.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the expression levels of miR-146a-3p and miR-146a-5p.The expression levels of toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1(IRAK1),tumor necrosis factor(TNF)receptor-associated factor 6(TRAF6),TAK1-binding protein(TAB),nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB),and interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β)in hippocampus were tested by immunofluorescence assay.Correlation analysis between the above factors and expressions of miR-146a-3p and miR-146a-5p were performed separately.Results CHLGMLD decreased the frequency(P<0.05)and duration(P<0.01)of seizures in rats.CHLGMLD down-regulated the expression levels of miR-146a-5p and miR-146a-3p(P<0.05),and inhibited the expression levels of TLR4,IRAK1,TRAF6,TAB,NF-κB,and IL-1β(P<0.01).The correlation analysis revealed that the expression levels of TLR4,IRAK1,TRAF6,TAB,NF-κB,and IL-1β were positively correlated with the expression levels of miR-146a-3p and miR-146a-5p detected by qRT-PCR,respectively(P<0.01).Conclusion CHLGMLD can inhibite the TLR4 signaling pathway by lowering the expression levels of miR-146a-3p and miR-146a-5p to alleviate hippocampal dentate gyrus inflammation in TLE rats,thus relieving seizures.

Application of Chaihu plus Longgu Muli Decoction in Treatment of Physical and Mental Diseases

Chaihu plus Longgu Muli Decoction is the representative treatment method of harmonizing and releasing combined with easing for lesser yang disease proposed by famous physician Zhang Zhongjing.Through clinical cases,this paper firstly introduced the main framework of Chaihu plus Longgu Muli Decoction,to make the treatment method of harmonizing and releasing become more flexible in clinical application.Besides,it introduced the common changes in the learning and application of the decoction,to respond to various changes in the clinical diseases.

华南锑矿带单锑型锑矿床“两层楼”二元成矿模型——以滇东南木利锑矿床为例

华南锑矿带是我国乃至世界上最重要的锑成矿带,分布有众多大型-超大型单锑型锑矿床。本文以滇东南木利锑矿床作为主要研究对象,并与华南锑矿带内单锑型矿床中最典型的锡矿山和独山锑矿田(床)进行详细的基础地质特征对比研究。发现对于单锑型锑矿田(床)而言,无论是矿田尺度还是矿床尺度,普遍具有“石英-辉锑矿”和“方解石-辉锑矿”两种矿石类型。同一矿田内,部分矿床(段)以“石英-辉锑矿”的矿物组合为主,部分以“方解石-辉锑矿”的矿物组合为主;而矿床(段)尺度内,又往往表现为上部“石英-辉锑矿”型矿物组合,下部为“方解石-辉锑矿”型矿物组合的两层楼模式。该模型的提出对于华南锑矿带单锑型矿床成因研究和找矿勘查具有重要意义。

柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤论治糖尿病伴抑郁理论探讨

糖尿病伴抑郁多见于糖尿病后期,血糖控制不佳的患者,此病治疗时间长且花费大。西医治疗侧重于从抑郁表现出发,改善症状和达到治疗指标,但服药周期长,且副作用较大,中医以整体观念为核心治疗糖尿病合并抑郁。近年来,临床上探究柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤治疗糖尿病伴抑郁逐渐增多,效果显著,但几乎不存在理论探讨,本文从综述出发,探析柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤治疗糖尿病伴抑郁的理论基础及机制,以期对未来糖尿病伴抑郁症的治疗提供新思路。

基于网络药理学、分子对接和动物实验探究柴胡龙骨牡蛎合甘麦大枣汤治疗脑卒中后抑郁的作用机制

目的:基于网络药理学、分子对接与动物实验探究柴胡龙骨牡蛎合甘麦大枣汤治疗脑卒中后抑郁(PSD)的作用机制。方法:利用TCMSP等数据库预测柴胡龙骨牡蛎合甘麦大枣汤的活性成分及靶点;在PharmGKB等数据库检索PSD疾病靶点,利用Cytoscape(v 3.9.1)建立交集靶点网络,String(v11.5)数据库构建PPI网络,利用DAVID 6.8数据库进行GO富集及KEGG通路分析;运用AutoDock vina(v 1.1.2)软件进行分子对接,并使用Pymol(v 2.5)等软件进行可视化分析;动物实验设置空白组、模型组、盐酸氟西汀组、中药组、中药+盐酸氟西汀组,给药21 d后检测各组大鼠神经行为学评分、脑组织内神经递质以及炎症因子表达,RT-qPCR和Western blot检测关键基因PPARG、MAPK3、AKT1、PIK3CA mRNA及蛋白表达。结果:得到柴胡龙骨牡蛎合甘麦大枣汤活性成分225种,作用于PSD的靶点119个,关键靶点包括MAPK3、AKT1、PIK3CA、PPARG,关键通路包括MAPK信号通路、PI3K-Akt信号通路等。与模型组比较,中药组与中药+盐酸氟西汀组MAPK3 mRNA及蛋白表达降低,AKT1、PIK3CA、PPARG mRNA及蛋白表达升高(P<0.05)。结论:柴胡龙骨牡蛎合甘麦大枣汤治疗PSD的作用机制可能与抑制MAPK3表达、促进AKT1、PIK3CA、PPARG表达,减缓脑组织炎症反应和氧化应激有关。

从汉朝土地制度推测诸葛亮躬耕地的位置

汉朝土地分为私有和国有两类:百姓拥有的可耕土地,属于私有;而山林湖泽等土地,则属于国有。东汉南阳郡人口数量一度位居全国郡国第一,南阳宛城附近肥沃的易垦土地,基本都被开垦成为私有化的土地。东汉南郡所辖襄阳县,其人口随着北方流民的涌入,也有显著增长,其城池周边平坦的沃土也被完全开垦出来并私有化了。诸葛亮在南阳城池和襄阳城池附近平坦沃土上躬耕的可能性甚小,而选择属于国有山林附近躬耕的可能性甚大。襄阳隆中是典型的国有山林地带,附近有一定数量的可垦之地。南阳宛城卧龙岗则不具备襄阳隆中适宜隐居躬耕的地理条件。从清代记载隆中的田亩数量来看,隆中田地所产能够支撑诸葛亮一家的生活之需,而不可能支撑数家的生活之需。从躬耕地与城池距离是否有利于建造草庐以适应宁静的耕读生活也可推断,诸葛亮的躬耕地当在襄阳隆中而不在南阳卧龙岗。

《方剂学》教材商榷5则

《方剂学》教材中存在一些值得商榷的问题,如安神药服药时间、麻黄杏仁甘草石膏汤证是否兼有外邪、四逆散证有无外邪的方义解释、牡蛎散是否治疗盗汗、大秦艽汤的分类归属等。这些问题不单涉及到教学,更影响临床应用,对此作一探讨,以有利于中医教学与临床。

近20a木里地区草原植被盖度与生产力动态监测分析

以青藏高原北缘的木里地区为例,通过遥感监测及数据反演,获取近20 a木里草原植被盖度和生产力变化趋势,并结合驱动因素分析,形成结论如下:(1)近20 a木里地区草原植被覆盖度和NPP呈现波动,但整体呈增长趋势;(2)水热条件对木里地区草原植被变化影响明显,气温因素对该地区植被生长的影响高于降水。

四川木里县项脚沟“7•5”特大型泥石流特征及发展趋势分析

2021年7月5日,凉山州木里县项脚沟暴发特大型泥石流灾害。文章通过野外调查和特征参数计算,研究了本次泥石流的形成条件、暴发过程和暴发特征。根据实地考察判断,泥石流主要在森林火灾、短时强降雨和沟道地形条件等因素共同作用下暴发,为暴雨径流冲刷引发的火后泥石流。暴雨形成的洪水冲刷坡面、侵蚀沟道,导致沟道两岸坍塌滑坡,堵溃效应明显,泥石流规模扩大。项脚沟过火面积达74.61%,高烈度火烧区面积达57.98%,泥石流临界降雨强度为77.84 mm/h,累计降雨达141.60 mm。根据泥石流特征参数计算结果,此次泥石流密度范围为1.83~1.93 g/cm^(3),属黏性泥石流,主沟下游出口流速为7.22 m/s,峰值流量759.08 m^(3)/s。结合雨洪法和形态调查法结果分析,此次泥石流重现周期为百年一遇。结合泥石流发育趋势,文章认为流域仍有可能暴发大型泥石流,提出了上游固坡、中游调控、下游排导的防治建议。

基于SWOT分析大熊猫国家公园卧龙片区生态旅游发展动态特征

为丰富自然保护地生态旅游发展过程中优势、劣势、机遇和威胁动态趋势理论研究体系,运用SWOT法分析了大熊猫国家公园卧龙片区生态旅游不同阶段(1996—2001、2002—2007、2008—2015、2016至今)的优势、劣势、机遇及威胁状况,识别不同阶段卧龙片区生态旅游发展的关键因素,建立生态旅游发展战略矩阵。结果显示:(1)大熊猫特色、优美自然风光、凉爽气候一直是卧龙生态旅游的主要优势,而保护区与社区积极参与、道路交通便捷和旅游区位优势成为最近(2016年至今)发展生态旅游的优势;(2)一直以来,旅游技术人才、服务和基础设施都是卧龙生态旅游发展的主要劣势因素,随着道路恢复,旅游再度兴盛,盲目不科学的投资、旅游管理混乱、社区和市场关系混乱成为制约卧龙旅游发展新的因素;(3)国家及地方政策的支持和旅游消费需求增加是卧龙生态旅游过去几十年的主要发展机遇,近年来大熊猫国家公园的建设、山地轨道交通计划、青少年研学的兴起等成为新的发展机遇;(4)流行传染病(如“非典”“新冠”)在不同时期会对生态旅游造成威胁,自然灾害频发、同行竞争激烈和环境压力增大也是近年来卧龙生态旅游发展面临的威胁;(5)在不同阶段,卧龙生态旅游发展的优势、劣势、机遇及威胁存在变化。本文基于卧龙现阶段生态旅游发展状况,提出4种发展战略。

桂枝加龙骨牡蛎汤结合针刺治疗恶性肿瘤相关性失眠的效果观察

目的探究桂枝加龙骨牡蛎汤结合针刺治疗恶性肿瘤相关性失眠(Cancer related insomnia, CRI)的效果。方法选择2022年10月—2023年1月来医院就诊的CRI患者100例,按照随机数表法,分成观察组(50例)和对照组(50例)。对照组采用常规安眠药治疗,观察组采用桂枝加龙骨牡蛎汤结合针刺治疗。比较两组的临床疗效、不良反应发生情况,比较两组治疗前、后的中医证候积分、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh sleep quality index, PSQI)、神经递质[5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-hydroxyindole acetic acid, 5-HIAA)、5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)]含量及炎性因子[白细胞介素-4(Interleukin-4,IL-4)、白细胞介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)及白细胞介素-1β(Interleukin-1β,IL-1β)]变化。结果治疗后,观察组的总有效率为94.00%(47/50),高于对照组(86.00%,43/50)(P<0.05);观察组治疗后的PSQI评分及中医证候积分分别为(4.81±1.34)分、(5.21±1.27)分,均低于对照组[(6.53±1.26)分、(8.49±1.63)分](P<0.05);观察组治疗后的5-HIAA、IL-4、IL-6水平分别为(18.31±4.82)ng/mL、(22.63±6.05)ng/mL、(16.78±3.22)ng/mL,均低于对照组[(20.74±3.06)ng/mL、(28.94±5.17)ng/mL、(19.43±4.59)ng/mL](P<0.05);观察组治疗后的5-HT、IL-1β水平为(0.58±0.11)ng/mL、(14.54±3.16)ng/mL,均高于对照组[(0.53±0.08)ng/mL、(11.72±2.28)ng/mL](P<0.05);治疗期间,两组均未发生特殊不良反应。结论桂枝加龙骨牡蛎汤结合针刺治疗CRI具有良好效果,可提高患者睡眠质量,调节神经递质及炎性因子水平,具有一定安全性。