The Analysis of Wolf Imagery in The Company of Wolves

Imagery analysis is a commonly used analytical method in literary analysis.In Angela Carter’s work,the image of wolves is particularly prominent.Her“Werewolf Tetralogy”rewrites traditional culture and subverts traditional consciousness,and is the research object of many scholars.Starting from the analysis of the wolf image in The Company of Wolves,this paper uses Deleuze’s Becoming-Animal Theory to explore the construction of harmony between nature,humans and gender relations in The Company of Wolves.

河北阳原山神庙咀早更新世直隶狼(Canis chihliensis)新材料(英文)

于2006—2011期间的4次野外发掘中,在泥河湾盆地的山神庙咀遗址发现了大量犬科化石,材料包括残破颅骨、前颌骨、上颌骨、若干下颌骨及头后骨骼的主要部件,其中的头后骨骼是迄今在中国发现的早期犬属化石中最为完整的。依据有关形态特征和测量数据,将其归入直隶狼(Canis chihliensis)。具体特征如下:体形较大,I3强大,P4窄长,原尖发育,M1前后向变扁并具宽阔的齿带状次尖,m1具下后尖和下内尖,相对其M1大小而言,上、下第二臼齿较大,m2下跟座宽阔等。其头部骨骼及牙齿测量数据与现代灰狼的较为接近,但头后骨骼数据较后者明显为小。该种的最大特征是其下臼齿舌侧齿尖的退化和P4窄长及M1前后方向变扁。但山神庙咀犬属材料的m1舌侧齿尖的发育程度变异较大,因此,仅仅依据m1的特征不足以区分直隶狼和拟豺(Xenocyon dubius (=Cuon dubius)), 尽管后者的鉴定与分类问题尚存争议,但直隶狼与被归入拟豺的材料有更多相似之处,它们与非洲野犬(Lycaon pictus)差异很大。山神庙咀遗址化石层与邻近的小长梁遗址文化层时代相当或稍晚,大约为1.3 Ma。

貉(Nyctereutes procyonoides)和狼(Canis lupus)毛发的红外光谱研究

【目的】了解貉和狼毛发的红外光谱特征。【方法】使用红外光谱对貉的绒毛和针毛、针毛的不同部位进行分析，并对貉和狼针毛的红外光谱进行了比较。【结果】结果表明，貉的绒毛和针毛都反映出该物种毛发的特征性成分，均可作为貉毛发识别的研究对象；貉的毛发中部图谱更能反映出毛发的物种特征，可作为有效的红外光谱检测部位；貉和狼针毛的红外图谱及其二阶导数谱能反映出二者的亲缘关系，也具有明显的种间差异，如655～685cm-。和640～624cm。范围内两种动物的峰形和出峰位置均有较大差异；貉的二阶导数谱在795cm。位置有一个典型特征性吸收峰，在706～769cm。波数范围内有7个较尖锐的单峰峰强依次减小，而狼的8个单峰的峰强变化较大。【结论】红外光谱分析方法可以应用于动物毛发的检测分析，二阶导数谱可更好地反映种问差异，在毛发的研究领域有广阔的应用前景。

XNL--wolves新能源汽车发展现状及策略分析

随着经济的发展、环境的污染、以及能源的紧缺,在科技的支持下新能源汽车逐渐被开发,新能源汽车是汽车市场发展的新趋势,它污染小且不需要石油资源的供给,在未来的市场上有很大的发展前景,但是就目前的情况来看,XNL--wolves新能源汽车在发展中存在着一些问题,需要解决,只有不断完善才能促进其健康发展。

犬蛔虫（Toxocaracanis）对感染鼠的细胞免疫和IL－1、IL－2免疫调节作用的影响

应用犬蛔虫（Ｔ．ｃａｒｎｉｓ）的感染性虫卵口饲感染Ｃ３Ｈ／ＨｅＮ鼠，体外培养后观察脾细胞的免疫学变化。感染第１－４周的脾细胞用ＣｏｎＡ刺激，Ｔ细胞的增殖反应，ＩＬ－２的诱生均明显地受到抑制，而且感染鼠脾细胞抑制了正常鼠脾细胞对ＣｏｎＡ的反应。感染鼠的脾细胞经ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１０过柱后，Ｔ细胞则不显示被抑制作用。表明影响Ｔ细胞被抑制作用的是感染鼠的巨噬细胞。相反，感染第１－４周的鼠所产生的ＩｇＧ和ＩｇＭ等抗体的Ｂ细胞活性增强；用ＬＰＳ刺激巨噬细胞诱生的白介素（ＩＬ）ＩＬ－１也增多。

西藏吉隆县发现亚洲胡狼(Canis aureus)

2018年7月7日,西藏生物影像保护(TBIC)组织的'世界之巅'环珠峰地区自然科学考察队的一个拍摄小组(组员董磊、彭建生、熊娟、徐波、余天一),在从中尼边境朗吉措垭口(海拔4 300 m)驾车返回吉隆镇途中,在海拔3 400 m处(北纬28°23’32″,东经85°24’27″)发现一只犬科动物正从山坡往下移动。该动物穿越公路后,停下来观望数秒,迅速转头进入山坡下的灌丛。

Retrospective Study of clinical and hematological aspects associated with dogs naturally infected by Hepatozoon canis in Ludhiana,Punjab,India

Objective:To evaluate clinical and hematological aspects of dogs naturally infected with Hepatozoon canis(H.canis)presented at the Small Animal Clinics of Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University,Ludhiana.Methods:Blood films of 34 naturally infected dogs were examined for haematological alterations and parasitaemia.Signalment and clinical signs were recorded from the animals.Clinical histories were filled oul during the consultation.Results:Of the 34 positive dogs by Giemsa stained peripheral blood films.88.23%presented parasilaemia by H.canis only,while 11.77%had the combination of H.canis,Babesia sp.and Ehrlichia sp.Young male dogs less than oue-year-old,of nondescript breed,were the most commonly affected.And 26.47%were presented with anorexia/inappetence as the only clinical symptom.Other clinical symptoms were mild to moderate fever,pale mucosae and lethargy;a few were also showing the signs of vomiting and diarrhoea.Haematological alterations showed mainly normochromic-normocytic anaemia,leukocytosis and neutrophilia.Conclusions:The findings of this study substantiate that H.canis caused clinical and haematological alterations of the varied intensity in dogs,even with low parasilaemia.should he taken into consideration.

Inhibition of <i>Ehrlichia canis</i>and <i>Babesia canis</i>transmission among ticks fed together on dogs vaccinated with Bm86 antigen

GAVAC (Heber Biotec S.A, Havana, Cuba) is a commercially available vaccine developed with the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Bm86 recombinant antigen. Bm86 is a “concealed” antigen that is present in the plasmatic membrane of tick gut epithelial cells with unknown function so far. It is well known that after vaccination in the last fifteen years in Cuba, there was a significant decrease of babesiosis (Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina) and anaplasmosis (Anaplasma marginale) in cattle. A reduced transmission capacity of ticks fed on tick-immune animals and humans has been reported for several tick-borne pathogens. Recent experiments have demonstrated that an anti-tick vaccine may contribute to the control of tick-borne pathogens not only by decreasing the exposure of susceptible hosts to ticks, but also by reducing the vector capacity of ticks. In this study, the potential of Bm86 vaccination to interfere with pathogen transmission among ticks was evaluated by using as experimental model the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus and the tickborne Babesia canis and Ehrlichia canis pathogens. Dogs, vaccinated and not vaccinated, were infested with pathogen-infected ticks and noninfected nymphs of R. sanguineus. After feeding, the pathogen transmission to newly molted adults from co-feeding uninfected nymphs was studied by conventional PCR and qPCR. Results suggest that the anti-Bm86 antibodies could be able to block the transmission of B. canis and/or E. canis from infected to non-infected ticks.

Molecular detection of <i>Ehrlichia canis</i>in ticks population collected on dogs in Meshkin-Shahr, Ardebil Province, Iran

Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis is a disease which can cause death in dogs and cats by the Ehrlichia canis and transmitted by hard ticks. The main vector is Rhipicephalus sanguineus which is a common tick in Iran and common ectoparasite on dogs. Few researches has been done to show Ehrlichiosis situation in dog’s ticks. Animal husbandry in Meshkin-Shahr County from Ardebil province (North-West Iran) is the main job of people. Specimens were collected on dogs’ ears, neck, shoulder and toes and they were transferred to the Entomology Laboratory, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. After DNA extraction, Ehrlichia agent was detected by nested-PCR, 16 s rRNA amplification. Determination of sequence homologies have been done in Gen-Bank. 146 ticks were identified which included 29.44% female and 47.94% male. Rhipicephalus sanguineus were the most prevalent ticks. Ehrlichia spp and Anaplasma spp were found in 43.84% of all the specimens containing Anaplasma ovis, and Ehrlichia sp. and Herlichia canis. Rhipicephalus sanguineus is widely spread and the most common ticks on dogs. As far as we know, this is the first report of E. canis in vector from Iran. Nested PCR showed that hard ticks can contain Anaplasma ovis, Ehrlichia spp and E. canis. These results warrant studying on vector competence of ticks for the Ehrlichiosis agents.

任务型课堂教学的实例分析及任务设计——Get the Factson Wolves课例的思考

与传统的外语教学法不同，任务型教学以其“以人为本、以学生为中心、注重交际”等特点正成为高中英语教学模式的新选择。教育部组织制订的《全日制义务教育普通高级中学英语课程标准》明确提出“倡导任务型的教学模式”，要求“教师应该避免单纯传授语言知识的教学方法。

The Psychical Distance in Angela Carter＇ s The Company of Wolves

Angela Carter is a famous female writer in the 20 th century who is known for her feminism, Gothic feature and magical realism. She is good at rewriting classical tales and adding new ideas and concepts to them. The Company of Wolves is one of her rewriting pieces. In this story, Carter takes The Little Red Riding Hood as her writing base. At the same time, she challenges the idea of the inferiority and natural dependence of female in the original fairy tale.Carter defamiliarizes her story from the traditional one as well as imitates it. In this way, she produces psychical distance and gives readers a sense of freshness. This paper tries to analyse Carter's work from Bullough's"Theory of Psychical Distance". By analyzing the exceptional characters and their abnormal desires, it aims to reveal Carter's special way to produce psychical distance.

Arginine kinase in Toxocara canis:Exon-intron organization,functional analysis of site-directed mutants and evaluation of putative enzyme inhibitors

Objective: To determine exon/intron organization of the Toxocara canis(T. canis) AK(TCAK) and to test green and black tea and several other chemicals against the activity of recombinant TCAK in the guanidino-specific region by site-directed mutants. Methods: Amplification of genomic DNA fragments containing introns was carried out by PCRs. The open-reading frame(1 200 bp) of TCAK(wild type) was cloned into the BamH 1/SalI site of pM AL-c2X. The maltose-binding protein-TCAK fusion protein was expressed in Escherichia coli TB1 cells. The purity of the expressed enzyme was verified by SDS-PAGE. Mutations were introduced into the guanidino-specific region and other areas of pM AL/TCAK by PCR. Enzyme activity was measured with an NADH-linked assay at 25℃ for the forward reaction(phosphagen synthesis). Results: Arginine kinase in T. canis has a seven-exon/six-intron gene structure. The lengths of the introns ranged from 542 bp to 2 500 bp. All introns begin with gt and end with ag. Furthermore, we measured the enzyme activity of site-directed mutants of the recombinant TCAK. The K_m value of the mutant(Alanine to Serine) decreased indicating a higher affinity for substrate arginine than the wild-type. The K_m value of the mutant(Serine to Glycine) increased to 0.19 mM. The Km value(0.19 mM) of the double mutant(Alanine-Serine to Serine-Glycine) was slightly greater than in the wild-type(0.12 mM). In addition, several other chemicals were tested; including plant extract Azadiracta indica(A. indica), an aminoglycoside antibiotic(aminosidine), a citrus flavonoid glycoside(rutin) and a commercially available catechin mixture against TCAK. Green and black tea(1:10 dilution) produced 15% and 25% inhibition of TCAK, respectively. The extract of A. indica produced 5% inhibition of TCAK. Moreover, green and black tea produced a non-competitive type of inhibition and A. indica produced a mixed-type of inhibition on TCAK. Conclusions: Arginine kinase in T. canis has a seven-exon/six-intron gene structure. However, further studies are needed to identify a specific compound within the extract causing the inhibitory effect and also to determine the molecular mechanisms behind inhibition of arginine kinase in T. canis.

Immunochemical characterization of antigens of Brucella canis and their use in seroprevalence study of canine brucellosis

Objective:To explore immunochemical characterization of antigens of Brucella canis(B. canis),and the use in seroprevalence study of canine brucellosis.Methods:External hot phosphate buffer saline extract(HPBSE) and internal sonicated(SA) antigens were prepared from B.canis strain MEX 51 and imniunochemically characterized.These antigens were used to test 527 serum samples of dogs by 2-mercaptoethanol-tubc agglutination test(2 ME-TAT), agar gel immunodiffusion test(AGID).dot-ELISA and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(I-ELISA) to assess the seroprevalence of canine brucellosis.Results:The protein content of HPBSE and SA antigens was 0.387 mg/ml.and 0.195 mg/mL,respectively,whereas carbohydrate content was 0.174 mg/mL and 0.150 mg/mL,respectively.The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(12.5%) of HPBSE and SA,revealed 6 and 8 visible peptide bands ranging from 18-80 kDa and 12-45 kDa,respectively.Western blot analysis showed immunodominant bands of MW 12.28.39 and 45 kl)a for HPBSE and 20-24 kl)a for SA. The AGII) revealed HPBSE as more specific antigen than SA but both I-ELISA and dot-ELISA indicated SA antigen to be more specific and reliable than HPBSE.The seroprevalence of canine brucellosis was 2.27%by 2ME-TAT.1.5%by AGID.3.03%by dot-ELISA and 16.12%by I-ELISA. Conclusions:On the basis of the results of present study,we concluded that HPBSE is suitable antigen for AGID,which is more specific:whereas SA antigen is suitable for I-ELISA,which is highly sensitive.Therefore,initial screening of serum samples should be carried out by I-ELISA followed by confirmation with AGID.

Factors Determining Coyote (<i>Canis latrans</i>) Diets

Although studies have documented the potential for coyote (Canis latrans) food use to negatively affect wildlife populations and domesticated animals, they are often equivocal, possibly because most are of small spatial extent, and little is known of factors determining coyote diets. Our objectives were to quantify the diet and identify factors determining coyote food use, particularly game species and livestock, over a large spatial and temporal extent. Contents of gastrointestinal tracts were identified from 263 coyotes opportunistically obtained from hunters, trappers, and as road-kills throughout Florida, 2011-2015. We employed logistic regression in an information-theoretic framework to understand determinants of coyote food use. Coyotes were opportunistic and omnivorous foragers with a diverse diet of vegetation, insects, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and more than 25 species of mammals (including important game species and livestock). They commonly consumed 11 food items (Virginia opossum [Didelphis virginiana], non-mast vegetation, feral hog [Sus scrofa], northern raccoon [Procyon lotor], insects, rabbits (Sylvilagus spp.), skunks [Mephitis mephitis and Spilogale putorius], white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), mast, birds, and cows [Bos taurus]). Food use was determined by coyote age, sex, and body mass, season of the year, deer hunting and fawning seasons, livestock calving season, and coyote collection method and location/region. As coyotes expand their range and numbers, conservationists may find it useful to understand how this opportunistic and adaptable predator uses available food sources to reduce conflict across the landscape.

Reconsidering the distribution of gray wolves

When attempting to understand where domestic plants and animals were domesticated, it is essential to consider the geographic distribution of the wild ancestor. Many domestic taxa now inhabit just about every continent thanks to their human-mediated dispersal which began soon after they were incorporated into the human niche.

Antidermatophytic Activity of Essential Oils against Locally Isolated <i>Microsporum canis</i>—Gaza Strip

There is a need for new antimicrobial drugs due to the continuous development of resistance. Natural antimicrobials are of utmost importance due to safety issue and availability. The antifungal activity of four essential oils (Mentha piperta, Thymus vulgaris, Cymbopogon citratus, and Oreganum majoranum oils) against locally isolated Microsporum canis was determined by disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using broth dilution method. Mentha piperta oil showed the highest antifungal activity among tested oils in this study. The total inhibition attached when 0.046% was used with M. piperta, the total inhibition obtained with the 0.133% of C. citratus oil, which is accounted as the second essential oils, also T. vulgaris and O. majoranum oils achieved reductions at 0.133%. The present work has revealed that all oils have been used in low concentrations and produced promising results in comparison to the positive control (Clotrimazole).

Characterization of insect-fauna of the free-ranging urban dog, Canis domesticus (L.) carcass in tropical region of Pakistan: A tool for forensic entomology

As the authors’ request, the following paper published in Vol.1, No.2, 29-37, 2013 has been withdrawn from the website.

Loss of anti-predator behaviors in cattle and the increased predation losses by wolves in the Northern Rocky Mountains

Managing livestock near Yellowstone National Park has become an increasing challenge since conservation of wolves restricts ranchers from interfering. Even though wolves are beneficial for the ecosystem, rising predation incidences on livestock (depredations) create animosity in local farmers. Temperament selection of cattle, measured by the facial hair whorl pattern (HW)1, occurred during the last 15 years and the industry prefers calmer temperament animals. Six HWs occur in cattle (high, middle, low, abnormal, multiple and none), which are mutually exclusive and can be identified by using the eye-line as a reference point. We analyzed depredation of calves near Council, ID in 2011. A herd of 588 Black Angus × Charolais crossbreds (age range: 5 - 17 years) was observed. By analyzing the HW and age of cows in relation to depredations, we could identify a connection between these three factors

Multifocal granulomata in presumed Toxocara canis infection in adult

Human infection of Toxocara canis in eye is usually an outcome of accidental ingestion of the embryonated eggs. The average age at diagnosis of ocular Toxocariasis is 7.5 years, ranging from 2 to 31 years. It constitutes 1%-2% of uveitis in children. Diagnosis is based upon the clinical features observed in a young patient and confirmed by the presence of specific Ig G in the serum or aqueous humor by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. We report a case of Presumed Toxocara infection in 45-year-old male which is unique in presentation with multifocal granulomata in retina. Our Pub Med search could not produce case with similar presentation. Probably this is the first reported case of multifocal granulomata in presumed ocular Toxocara in any age

Effect of Milbemycin oxime on Toxocara canis Eggs and Larvae

Toxocara canis(T.canis)is one of the most important zoonotic parasites of dogs.The aim of the present study was to perform an in vitro analysis of the effect of Milbemycin oxime on T.canis eggs following exposure to a concentration gradient of the drug and to determine the inflammatory reaction produced by the infective T.canis larvae in mice.The present study was undertaken using the model nematode,T.canis,to investigate the effect of Milbemycin oxime on T.canis eggs and larvae.T.canis eggs were exposed to a concentration gradient of Milbemycin oxime in vitro,the higher concentration of Milbemycin oxime was,the lower percentage of infective stage larvae was.Light micrographs showed that Milbemycin oxime induced eggs dissolved and eggshell broken.Histological analyses of mice that stained with hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)showed in lower dosing(10-7 and 10-8 g·mL-1)drug-treated groups,atrophy of alveolar space and interalveolar septum thickening appeared,inflammatory infiltrates accompanied with erythrocytes around blood vessels and bronchioles presented.In higher dosing(10-6,10-5 and 10-4 g·mL-1)drug-treated groups,low-grade or no pathological changes occurred,indicating that Milbemycin oxime could obviously decrease the inflammatory reaction produced by the infection of T.canis larvae in vivo.