Women on Women Femininity and Independence in the Work of Chinese Contemporary Female Artists

■The history of China, as seen through the eyes of a Chinese woman, would no doubt present a very different story to that which we are accustomed to. The centuries of oppression endured by Chinese women were ratified by the teachings of Confucius which assert

Subversive Women Artists in The Yellow Wallpaper and The Foreigner

The Yellow Wallpaper,written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman,and The Foreigner,by Sarah Orne Jewett,were two re nowned short stories finished at the end of 19thcentury.In both short stories,the heroines were depicted as sensitive and fragile women artists,marginalized by aesthetic structures"created by and for men."They were anxious for their authorship and doubt ed about whether they could create under the patriarchal aesthetical rules.The uniqueness of women’s creation is valued,and the reason for their anxiety in creating needs digging out.To attain authorship,women artist must resort to sisterhood for mutual un derstanding and guidance.

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain and Postural Deformity in Papad Making Women —A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Aim and Objective: To study musculoskeletal problems like musculoskeletal pain, postural deformity and nerve radiculopathy in women engaged in Papad making by clinical assessment. Methodology: A cross-sectional observational survey carried out at Shri. Mahila Gruh Udyog Lijjat Papad, Nandanvan, Nagpur (2014). 50 female subjects were selected for the study. After taking permission from factory in-charge, the survey was conducted at the factory site and subjects were explained about the study in details in language they can understand. Consent form was obtained by subjects to participate. Data were collected by interview and clinical examination of women engaged in this occupation, As per proforma of musculoskeletal examination. Result: Almost 37 subjects out of 50 complaints about low back pain as a chief complaint followed by neck pain in 34, thoracic kyphosis was more profound postural deviation seen in 10 subjects. Paraspinal and calf muscle spasm is more common. Radiating pain and numbness more in dominant hand suggestive of involvement of median nerve were confirmed by Upper Limb Traction Test [ULTT]. Discussion: Socioeconomic status greatly influences the working needs of women. Shri. Mahila Gruh Udyog Lijjat Papad factory provides a platform for Women Empowerment. Faulty posture adoption for longer duration during work gives rise to various musculoskeletal problems. Conclusion: 74% of the study population has low back pain as a chief musculoskeletal problem. 34% present with postural deviation and 82% belong to poor socioeconomic scale.

Why Brazilian Women Are Not on Top： The Work-Life Reconciliation Hypothesis

The female presence in middle management is already significant in Brazil. Yet, women hold only 7% of the board seats. Why are there so few women in corpomtive top ranks？ Is it possible that prejudice and sexism work selectively, allowing women to ascend not beyond a certain point in corporate hierarchy？ This paper rejects such a perspective and aims at understanding the dynamics that drive women against the executive suite. The premise beneath this research is that women are not victims, but autonomous individuals. In order to test the hypothesis of Brazilian women choosing not to ascend, the first step was to analyze Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics＇ （IBGE） data on work force and employment. Thereafter, the research explores the possibility that organizational dynamics is a major factor for women to deal with work-life issues. Studies of scientific organizations show that flexibility helps conciliate work and life. The conclusion is： if corporations could emulate the scientific organizational environment, probably they would not only attract more women to the executive suite, but also adapt to a transforming society.

Participation in Daily Activities among Working Women Following Breast Cancer

Introduction: This study aimed to identify the variables explaining retained activity level for working women with breast cancer;the variables correlating with their performance in daily activities they prioritize;and factors facilitating or restricting their return to work. Method: Sixty working women with breast cancer aged 25 - 65 years completed a personal data questionnaire, the modified Activity Card Sort, the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure;and two open- ended questions about facilitators and barriers to work. Results: Activity levels dropped by a quarter following BC treatments. Most women (67%) decreased their weekly working hours, although a third identified work as their highest priority. A higher total retained activity level was explained by fewer limitations on the range of motion (upper extremity), age younger than 45 years, and higher educational attainment. Cognitive limitations and limited range of motion negatively correlated with retained activity level at work. Personal and disease factors, job demands, and environmental factors facilitated or restricted return to work. Conclusion: Interventions should focus on physical and cognitive rehabilitation to regain functioning in the context of work and productive daily activities. Special attention should be paid to the greater needs of younger women.

Diplomatic Implications of Women＇s Work in American Consumer Society

American foreign policies have observed guiding principles of democracy, yet an overemphasis on political values leads to more conflicts than mutual understandings in today＇s world. Therefore, this paper proposes that exploring diplomatic implications of ＂women＇s work＂ provides new insights into cultural values of the Four Freedomsmmajor pillars supporting modern American liberalism. This paper foregrounds the domestic and diplomatic significance of ＂women＇s work＂ by analyzing women＇s contributions as laborers at home, in the labor force, and in American consumer society. As American women participated in the paid labor force and took up most consumptive activities, women outside America also worked hard to provide food and care for families. This paper argues that a more comprehensive definition of＂women＇s work＂ is not only indispensable for the development of American industry, consumer society, and the expansion of marketplace, but integrates a system of dualisms separating wage labor and housework, or divisions between spheres of men and women. Moreover, investigations into hidden values of women＇s work alleviate worries arising from information revolution and economic globalization. Moreover, placing women＇s work in perspective enables diplomats to see through factors leading to international hostilities, to reduce conflicts arising from information revolution and economic globalization, and to understand America＇s soft power pertinently.

The Tragedy of Women Rebels： Figures of Women Rebels in the Literature of Ming and Qing Dynasties

In the volume of Chinese literature of Ming and Qing dynasties, there are a lot of well-known figures of women rebels, who have been highly spoken of by many later critics for their braveness in breaking the conventional and unfair rules made for women in that male-centered society. In the traditional point of view, the appearance of these literary figures marks the awareness of self-consciousness of women. But this paper, by analyzing two of the representative figures of them, Miss Du Liniang （杜丽娘） in Tang Xianzu＇s drama The Peony Pavilion （牡丹亭） and the women in the Women＇s Kingdom （女儿国） in Li Ruzhen＇s novel Flowers in the Mirror （镜花缘）, tries to figure out and distinguish the superficial gender dependence and the real but hidden role of ＂the other＂ in these characters. It purports to convince that such processes of rebellion are none the less women＇s tragedies, for they serve only to show Chinese women＇s unchangeable position of ＂the second sex＂ in the traditional male-centered society of old China, but merely in some new and different ways.

Rural Women's Aspirations through Art Work

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Two Women Who Work for Women

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快速反应团队工作模式对重症孕产妇抢救效率及救治结局的影响

目的:观察对重症孕产妇实施快速反应团队(RRT)工作模式的干预效果。方法:回顾性收集2021年10月-2022年10月开展常规护理模式的148例重症孕产妇临床资料纳入对照组,2022年11月-2023年11月开展RRT工作模式的152例重症孕产妇临床资料纳入观察组。比较两组抢救效率、救治结局、新生儿情况、重症孕产妇并发症。结果:观察组处理时间(22.6±4.0min)、抢救情况(10.5%)、剖宫产率(35.5%)、新生儿死亡率(0)、ICU入住率(2.0%)、住院时间(7.56±1.34d)、并发症总发生率(2.6%)均少于对照组(33.0±4.5min、18.9%、52.0%、4.1%、27.7%、10.86±3.33d、12.2%),预警情况(40.1%)、有效处理率(98.0%)、5minApagar评分(8.74±0.58分)、脐带血pH值(7.64±1.96)高于对照组(27.7%、81.8%、8.46±0.64分、4.96±1.34)(均P<0.05),两组孕产妇死亡率、新生儿1minApagar评分无差异(P>0.05)。结论:RRT工作模式可提高重症孕产妇的抢救效率,改善救治结局、新生儿情况。

“流动与赋能”:外出务工经历影响农村青年女性创业及其绩效的路径——基于CFPS数据的实证研究

农村青年女性创业对实现女性赋能和自我成长具有重要意义。本研究匹配CFPS 2018-2020数据,研究外出务工经历是否能提升农村青年女性创业概率和创业绩效,并分析心理资本的中介作用。研究发现:(1)外出务工经历虽然能显著提高农村青年女性创业的可能性,但并不能明显提升其创业绩效。外出务工的贡献具有教育门槛效应,即外出务工质量能显著提升农村青年女性创业概率和经营收入;(2)外出务工经历对农村青年女性创业概率的提升作用在东部地区26-34岁群体中表现最明显;(3)心理资本在务工质量对农村青年女性创业概率影响中起到部分中介作用,且作用大于在外出务工经历对农村青年女性创业概率影响中的部分中介作用;(4)心理资本在务工质量对农村青年女性创业绩效的影响中起到部分中介作用。

基于扎根理论的妇联干部自我效能感提升路径探析

自我效能感是妇联干部能力建设的重要组成部分。通过扎根理论的方法对妇联干部自我效能感的提升进行理论构建认为,“良好的职业价值观”是妇联干部自我效能感提升的前提,“良好的职业素养”是妇联干部自我效能感提升的基础,“阶段性成就”是妇联干部自我效能感提升的关键。本研究的贡献在于,突破了以往结构化视角提出的应然性对策,注重妇联干部在具体工作情境中获得自我效能感的经验和感受,从而为妇联干部提升自信心并实现自我超越提供更具直观性和可操作性的帮助。

明代海南知识女性的日常生活

明代海南文化发展进入古代高峰期,知识女性明显增多,著名仕宦丘濬、海瑞等自幼皆受教于寡母。这些具有知识的女性在丈夫去世后,矢志守节,身兼父道、母道、师道于一身。海南知识女性的出现与宋元以降王朝尤其是士人在岭南推行教化分不开,明初海南州县、卫所均建立不同层次的学校,普及推广教育,女性通过不同渠道接受教育。至少自15世纪开始海南已有女性教子读书、创作诗文,表达女性自己的人生体验,明显早于17世纪江南知识女性群体的崛起。

突起异军:延安时期妇女运动研究--以陕甘宁边区为例

延安时期由中国共产党领导的妇女事业是我国妇女解放的重要里程碑。在封建社会束缚根深蒂固和性别不平等的背景下,党中央高度重视妇女问题、开展妇女运动,既是自身的政治责任,也有着支援抗战和实现社会平等的深刻必要性。中国共产党在陕甘宁边区推行了一系列妇女解放的政策和措施,普遍实施了包括妇女在内的选举制度,鼓励妇女参政议政,动员妇女参与大生产运动,改革旧习俗,普及妇女教育,进行了积极有效的探索和实践。延安时期的成功经验指明了中国共产党的领导是中国特色社会主义最本质的特征,坚持党的领导是中国妇女事业行稳致远的根本保障,为新时代讲好中国妇女事业发展和妇女人权保障的故事提供了珍贵启示。

习近平关于妇女工作重要论述的三重维度

习近平关于妇女工作的重要论述,源于马克思主义妇女理论,赓续于中国共产党百余年妇女事业的伟大实践历程,立足于新时代妇女发展和妇女工作的现实需要。其内涵主要包括:坚持党的领导是新时代妇女工作的根本保证、实现中华民族伟大复兴是新时代妇女工作的时代主题、发挥好妇女的重要作用是新时代妇女工作的价值指向、坚持男女平等基本国策是新时代妇女工作的政策保障、加强和改进妇联组织是新时代妇女工作的重要途径。

环境社会学视角下疍民妇女身份转变策略

疍民曾是海上居民,基本不登上陆地活动。由于海洋资源的逐步开发,疍民洗脚上岸生活,生产方式和居住环境由海洋属性变为陆地属性。依托环境社会学及其理论研究发现,海洋环境污染、渔业资源匮乏和生产空间压缩等环境问题的凸显严重影响着以渔业生产为核心的疍民妇女的社会生产身份、家庭价值身份和社会参与身份的变化,并带来了生活模式差异化明显、生产经验摩擦和生活技能冲突等适应性困境,导致她们的身心健康和劳动价值受到影响。结合疍民妇女的切实需求和社会工作的专业优势,提出了解决疍民妇女的实际问题、塑造健康身心、发挥实践经验和提高劳动价值等方面的建议,以期协助疍民妇女克服环境问题带来的制约,完成身份转变。

低收入流动女性劳动者的时间贫困及其影响因素

城乡二元制下的低收入流动女性劳动者面临养家糊口和照料家庭的双重压力,她们不得不牺牲个人时间以兼顾工作与家庭,易陷入时间贫困。文章采用解释性混合研究方法,基于2020年CFPS数据,测算三类时间贫困指标并分析影响因素;深入访谈低收入流动女性劳动者,探寻其对于时间贫困的主观感受。研究发现,低收入流动女性劳动者的时间贫困是社会结构和群体特性综合作用的结果,劳动市场的不公平待遇、无酬工作的“隐形”和家庭内部的角色固化、个人主体意识的缺失使其更易陷入时间贫困。由此提出规范有酬工作时长、实施发展型家庭支持政策、完善兜底保障体系等政策建议,模拟政策改变后的积极影响,以期改善低收入流动女性劳动者的时间贫困问题。

高校高水平女子足球运动员的注意力与空间工作记忆特征研究

为探讨高校高水平女足运动员的注意力与空间工作记忆特征,对足球组和对照组共36名被试者进行《注意力测验》量表和空间工作记忆任务测试。结果显示:(1)足球组注意分配、注意广度和注意力总分均显著高于对照组。(2)足球组在1-back任务中,反应时显著低于对照组。并且当小球数量为1时,足球组反应时显著低于对照组。由此可见:高水平大学生女足运动员在注意力表现上呈现出较高的集中度和灵活性,与其对比赛环境的快速调整和对关键信息的敏感性相关。此外,她们在空间工作记忆方面也表现出显著的优势,受到长期训练对空间信息处理的积极影响。这些发现为进一步探索运动员认知特征提供了重要线索,并对足球运动训练和选拔策略做出了启示。

易地搬迁后农村老年妇女的生计困境与社会工作介入方法探讨——以鲁西北黄河滩S安置社区为例

黄河滩区移民搬迁工程能有效帮助群众走出发展的困境,但移民搬迁安置后面临的生计冲击亦不容忽视。以鲁西北黄河滩S安置社区为例,聚焦农村老年妇女这一常被认为处于弱势地位的群体,从社会性别视角分析她们的生计困境并探讨社会工作介入方法。研究发现,农村老年妇女在易地迁建中面临土地资本化、经济参与空间窄化、生活方式城镇化、金钱匮乏感加剧、非农就业与“工作—家庭”关系难平衡等困境。为回应农村老年妇女易地搬迁后独特的生计需要,社会工作者应将社会性别理念融入具体的服务方案与实务方法中,从老年妇女日常生活经验出发,通过长期陪伴式的能力建设,协助农村老年妇女经济增能,增强她们的自养能力和社会参与能力,缓解她们在易地搬迁后面临的生计压力。这将有益于易地搬迁后农村老年妇女平等权利的实现,更好地保障她们搬迁后的生活。