Women’s empowerment and food consumption:Evidence from female-headed households in Tanzania

Despite the growing recognition of women’s increasing role in the household and corresponding empowerment programs in sub-Saharan Africa,intensive research on the relationship between women’s influence and household food consumption is minimal.Using the most recent(2017-2018)national household survey data from Tanzania,this study examined the influence of women’s empowerment on household food consumption.First,we compared the monthly consumption of eight food categories between female-headed households(FHHs)and male-headed households(MHHs)using both descriptive statistics and the propensity score matching(PSM)method.Furthermore,we adopted the two-stage Linear Expenditure System and Almost Ideal Demand System model(LES-AIDS)to estimate income and price elasticities for the two household types.The results show that FHHs consume bread and cereals,fish,oils and fats,vegetables,and confectionery(sugar,jam,honey,chocolate,etc.)more than MHHs.Moreover,FHHs have a significantly higher income elasticity of demand for all food groups than MHHs.They are also more price elastic than MHHs in meat,fish,oils,fats,sugar,jam,honey,chocolate,etc.

Construction of the Demonstration Area for the Inheritance and Development of Yimeng Red Culture Based on Digital Empowerment

Yimeng red culture is an important part of the excellent culture of the Chinese nation.It is of great practical significance and long-term strategic significance to build the demonstration area for the inheritance and development of Yimeng red culture.Combining digital empowerment with the inheritance and development of Yimeng red culture is a new idea that conforms to the development of the times.In this paper,on the basis of combing Yimeng red cultural resources and combining with the current situation of inheritance and development of Yimeng red culture,the strategic layout and implementation approach of the demonstration area for the inheritance and development of Yimeng red culture were put forward from the perspective of digital empowerment.

Animation‐guided family empowerment program on perioperative care after neurosurgery:A randomized controlled trial for preventing respiratory complications

Background:This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using animation as education material for family empowerment program on perioperative care for caregivers whose children were to undergo neurosurgery.Methods:A total of 204 caregivers were randomly assigned to either the face‐to‐face oral nursing educated group(Oral Group)or the animation‐assisted nursing educated group(Animated Group).The nursing education primarily focused on instructing caregivers about the manual vibration method.The primary outcome of interest in this study was participants'knowledge level,collected by a 10‐item questionnaire.Secondary outcomes included child patients'clinical data,including hospitalization days,treatments,and signs of pneumonia.Results:Participants in the Animated Group exhibited significantly higher accuracy in perioperative care knowledge assessment,and patients in this group had a lower chance of requiring atomization therapy compared to the Oral Group.Conclusions:The animation‐assisted nursing education program effectively enhances pediatric caregivers'knowledge,reduces respiratory complications after surgery,and offers valuable insights for future studies on the use of such programs to instruct caregivers.

From Control to Empowerment:A Paradigm Shift in the Discourse of Educational Supervision

As educational reforms intensify and societal emphasis shifts towards empowerment,the traditional discourse paradigm of management and control in educational supervision faces growing challenges.This paper explores the transformation of this discourse paradigm through the lens of empowerment,analyzing its distinct characteristics,potential pathways,and effective strategies.This paper begins by reviewing the concept of empowerment and examining the current research landscape surrounding the discourse paradigm in educational supervision.Subsequently,we conduct a comparative analysis of the“control”and“empowerment”paradigms,highlighting their essential differences.This analysis illuminates the key characteristics of an empowerment-oriented approach to educational supervision,particularly its emphasis on dialogue,collaboration,participation,and,crucially,empowerment itself.Ultimately,this research advocates for a shift in educational supervision towards an empowerment-oriented discourse system.This entails a multi-pronged approach:transforming ingrained beliefs,embracing renewed pedagogical concepts,fostering methodological innovation,and optimizing existing mechanisms and strategies within educational supervision.These changes are proposed to facilitate the more effective alignment of educational supervision with the pursuit of high-quality education.

Analysis of the Effect of Family-Centered Empowerment Model(FCEM)Health Education Through WeChat on Medication Compliance and Blood Pressure of Elderly Hypertensive Patients in Rural Areas

Objective: To validate the effectiveness of a Family-Centered Empowerment Model (FCEM) health education through WeChat on medication compliance and blood pressure among elderly hypertensive patients in rural areas. Methods: One hundred and two rural elderly hypertensive patients aged 65-80 years were selected and randomly divided into an experimental and control group of 51 each. The control group implemented conventional health education, and the experimental group implemented FCEM health education through WeChat platform for 4 consecutive weeks. The Therapeutic Adherence Scale for Hypertensive Patients (TASHP) scores and blood pressure measurements were compared between and within the two groups. Results: After the intervention, there were significant differences in medication compliance and blood pressure between the two groups (P < 0.001). In the control group, before and after the intervention, there was a significant difference in medication compliance (P < 0.001), but no significant difference in blood pressure (P > 0.05). In the experimental group, there were significant differences in medication compliance and blood pressure before and after the intervention (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The FCEM health education through an online social platform significantly improved medication compliance and led to effective blood pressure control in rural elderly hypertensive patients. Therefore, as an effective, safe, and economical model, it is also necessary to explore its effectiveness in improving health problems in other chronic diseases and other age groups.

Exploration of Curriculum Reform in the Context of Digital Empowerment:Taking the“Class Management”Course in the Primary Education Major of Higher Vocational Normal School as an Example

In the era of digital empowerment,the digital reform of higher vocational courses has become an inevitable trend.To explore professional curriculum reform,this study takes the“Class Management”course in the primary education major of higher vocational teachers as the research object,analyzes the importance of digital empowerment to curriculum reform,and discusses the teaching of the“Class Management”course new model and content reform plan.Digital technology empowering traditional courses is a new trend,which is both an opportunity and a challenge.This study aims to explore the application of digital technology in courses and provide certain guidelines for curriculum reform in the field of education.

Contraceptive Use in Ghana: What about Women Empowerment?

Introduction: Although contraceptive usage appears to be increasing in Ghana, 30 and 42 percent of married and unmarried women respectively still have unmet need for family planning services partly due to their inability to exercise their basic rights on fertility issues. Meanwhile, expanding freedom of choice and actions to shape women’s life is critical to how women can be autonomous about issues surrounding their fertility. On this premise, this study aimed at investigating empowerment status and usage of contraceptives among women in the reproductive age in Ghana. Methods: The study made use of the 2014 Ghana Demographic and health survey with a sample size of 9396. The outcome variable was contraceptive use whilst the main independent variable was women empowerment (measured by ability to decide on a woman’s own healthcare, large household purchases and visiting family members). Both bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regressions were carried out generating odd ratios to explore the association at 95% confidence interval. Results: The results indicated that women who were not deciding alone on their own healthcare were less probable to use contraceptives (OR = 0.92, CI = 0.80 - 1.07) as well as those who were not deciding alone on large household purchases (OR = 0.96, CI = 0.82 - 1.11) and visiting family members (OR = 0.63, CI = 0.93 - 1.25) at the bivariate level. However, at the multivariate level, higher likelihoods of contraceptive use were found among those who were not deciding alone on health (OR = 1.26, CI = 1.18 - 1.68), large household purchases (OR = 1.30, CI = 1.08 - 1.55) and visiting family members (OR = 1.32, CI = 1.12 - 1.57). Conclusion: This has inspired the need to intensify women empowerment interventions through mass media and all possible avenues in order to enhance reproductive health.

Women Empowerment in Household Economic Development:Lessons From Poverty Reduction for Ethnic Minorities in Vietnam

This paper reviews the poverty reduction process in Vietnam and experiences of decision-making empowerment in household economic activities for ethnic minority women in their efforts to reduce poverty.The study analyses data from the Gender Equality Survey,covering 950 households in matrilineal ethnic groups(in the South of Vietnam)in 2018 and life stories of women from Hmong,Tay,Khmer,and Xo Dang ethnicities.The analysis reveals a strong engagement of ethnic minority women(both matrilineal and patriarchal groups)in household economic decisions.They have overcome various cultural barriers to take initiatives in accessing to bank credit,which has been used for developing household livelihood.Thanks to their own efforts and supports from the Women’s Union,many ethnic minority households have escaped from poverty,ended food shortage,and started commercial production.As a result,ethnic minority women have been increasingly active in both their family and community.

Research on Interdisciplinary Project-Based Teaching in Primary Schools Catalyzed by Digital Intelligence Empowerment

With the rapid development of information technology,digital intelligence empowerment has gradually become an important direction of educational innovation.This paper uses the case analysis method to explore in depth how digital intelligence empowerment and project-based teaching can promote the integration of primary school curricula.Taking the teaching of intelligent patrol cars as an example,this paper analyses the positive role of digital intelligence empowerment in improving teaching effectiveness and cultivating students’comprehensive ability.The research results show that digital intelligence empowerment not only enriches teaching resources but also optimizes the teaching process.Combined with project-based teaching methods,it can effectively improve students’interest in learning and performance.This study provides a useful reference and inspiration for the project-based teaching of curriculum integration in primary schools and has certain practical significance and theoretical value for promoting the process of educational informatization.

Empowerment in chronic wound care——exploring the scope for patient contribution

Objective:In this study,we investigated the concept of empowerment in chronic wound care and propose to facilitate patient control by making use of degrees of freedom(DOF):that is,shaping of everyday wound care tasks initiated by patients and based on their wishes,mostly in terms of patients executing treatment steps,requesting or directing health care professionals to under take changes,or modifications of internal states.Methods:As a first step,we conducted a systematic literature search,followed by an inductive form of qualitative content analysis,which resulted in the identification of 5 dimensions as main elements of empowerment:education and shared decision making,adherence to self-care behaviors,responsibility and control,general call for empowerment,and DOF.However,the latter are noticeably absent in the literature.To investigate patients'freedom in shaping the wound care process,we conducted a second literature search.Results:A number of possibilities for patients to influence the wound care process could be identified,but experimental or clinical evidence about their effects is missing,their variety is limited,and they are only inadequately described.Conclusions:However,DOF should be an indispensable aspect of genuine empowerment,since they allow patients to occupy the role of the agent in the treatment process and give rise to the subjective experience of feeling empowered.Thus,in the third part,we develop a research proposal on how to investigate and include DOF in the clinical practice of wound care.Finally,limitations about implementations are discussed(e.g.,patients being reluctant to overcome their passive role,resulting in frustration for health care professionals).

Problems and Countermeasures in the Training of Master of Translation and Interpreting Talents in the Context of Technological Empowerment

This paper aims to explore the problems and countermeasures in the training of Master of Translation and Interpreting(MTI)talents in the context of technological empowerment.Through methods such as questionnaires and literature review,the study analyzes the problems in the training of MTI talents under technological empowerment and,by examining the feasibility and applicability of technologies,proposes countermeasures to these problems.The research finds that there are still problems in four areas:training concept,teaching content,research in the current training of MTI talents,and mutual empowerment of technology and education.Four countermeasures are suggested to address these problems,including utilizing technology to promote personalized training and optimize teaching content.This study provides valuable references for future educators to leverage technology in the training of MTI talents.

Nigerian Women Empowerment and the Entrepreneurial Myth

The decision usefulness of women empowerment depends on its ability to satisfy the fundamental daily needs of a woman not minding any limitation.Despite Nigeria government efforts on corruption reduction,poverty is still on the increase.This research investigates the relationship between women empowerment and entrepreneurial myth in Nigeria.By means of survey design,the primary data were obtained from sample of National Youth Service Corps(NYSC),marketers,and civil servants.Two hundred copies of questionnaire were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.The study found correlation of women empowerment and entrepreneurial myth is significant at 0.01 level and no significant difference in Nigerian perception of women in the entrepreneur due to the probability value(0.08).The research concluded entrepreneurial myth is a significant factor in women empowerment,it recommends women should be proactive in addressing the current poverty situation in Nigeria and policy-makers should consider enlightenment programmes because it has a far-reaching implication on national development.

Women Empowerment in the Arab Region： Between the Anvil of Illiteracy and the Hammer of Passive Representative Bureaucracy

This paper emphasizes on enacting comprehensive mainstreaming institutional mechanisms to promote the role of women in socio-economic development in the Arab region. Sustainable development could never take place unless both the government and civil society are committed towards women empowerment and gender parity to achieve gender mainstreaming. However, cultural legacy, with its socioeconomic and political dimensions, is envisaged as the most challenging impediment. There are three critical areas of concern of substantive nature, which are high rates of women illiteracy, passive representative bureaucracy, as a result of underrepresentation at decision-making levels, as well as gender disparity. To investigate women empowerment challenges in the region, the study first presents the multifaceted hurdle of cultural legacy and identifies the relevant social, economic and political challenges from a multidisciplinary perspective. Thereafter, it looks at two inseparable issues facing women in the Arab region, illiteracy and underrepresentation at decision-making levels. The study, then, indicates the pressing need for policy changes to fill up the massive gender gap existing in the majority of Arab States, where not only a description of gender disparity profile of the Arab region is presented but also a comparative outlook vis-a-vis global trends is highlighted. Finally, the research identifies the indispensible roles of both the government and civil society to address key challenges in synchrony. It does not only call for placing women empowerment among the top priorities on the agenda of policy-makers in setting development plans, but also reiterates the significant role of civil society institutions in the areas of illiteracy eradication, civic education, and women fights advocacy. In this context, a framework of recommended policy actions is presented in an attempt to set effective women empowerment mechanisms to achieve gender mainstreaming and hence contribute to sustainable development.

Empowerment of Precise Ideological and Political Education in Higher Education with Educational Digitalization

The study explores how educational digitalization enables the precise development of ideological and political education in colleges and universities.Digital transformation enables colleges and universities to accurately define educational objectives,content strategies,effect evaluation,and process management,and realize the precision and intelligence of ideological and political education.The application of big data technology enhances the data-oriented thinking of teachers and students,promotes the accurate application of data,and improves the efficiency of ideological and political education.The research also prospected a new vision of the digital construction of ideological and political courses and clarified the theoretical and practical path of the implementation and evaluation mode of ideological and political courses under digital empowerment.Education digitalization enables precise ideological and political education,which is a key way to promote the innovative development of ideological and political education in colleges and universities and will strongly support the improvement of the overall quality of higher education and the training of excellent talents.

The Contributing Factors of Black Women's Devotion to Self-empowerment in the Later Civil Rights Movement

From the beginning the civil rights movement,black women had thrown themselves into the fighting for racial liberation.However,since the mid-1960s black women began to pay more attention to their own empowerment for many intricate and complex reasons.This paper focuses on what resulted in gradual shifting of black women to self-empowerment.

A Study on Empowerment of Rural Women Through Microcredit Facilities in Sri Lanka

This study seeks to examine the impact of micro credit facilities on women empowerment in the context of the great importance being given to the entrepreneurs. Access to credit can help women by enabling them to start and expand small businesses, often accompanied by market access. This study has the research problem--whether the micro credit facilitates in empowering women entrepreneurs in the rural areas of Sri Lanka. Therefore, the study has the primary objective to identify the impact of micro credit on empowerment and the sub to assess the relationship among them. The study adopts a causal survey research design through which 337 members of microfinance institutions （MFIs） in the study area of Northern Province in Sri Lanka were selected using stratified random sampling and data collected from them by using a structured questionnaire. Correlation and regression analysis has been used to find out the impact of micro credit facilities on empowerment of women entrepreneurs in the rural areas of Sri Lanka. Linear multiple regression analysis was used to determine the micro credit facilities that affect women empowerment by using SPSS. The model summary indicates that 10.9% of the variation in the women empowerment can be explained for the micro credit facilities and remaining 89.1% influencing by other factors, such as education, experience, income, etc. The study concluded that micro credit facilities alone do not support the entrepreneurs to enhance them and it makes the policy recommendations to guide development of micro credit facilities that are beneficial to the clients and other stakeholders of the MFI institutions.

What does women’s empowerment have to do with malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa?Evidence from demographic and health surveys from 30 countries

Background:The reduction of childhood malnutrition has been identified as a priority for health and development in sub Saharan African countries.The association between women’s empowerment and children’s nutritional status is of policy interest due to its effect on human development,labour supply,productivity,economic growth and development.This study aimed to determine the association between women’s empowerment and childhood nutritional status in sub Saharan African countries.Methods:The study utilized secondary datasets of women in their child bearing age(15-49 years)from the latest Demographic and Health Survey(DHS)conducted in 2011-2017 across 30 sub Saharan Africa countries.The outcome variable of the study was childhood nutritional status while the exposure variable was women’s empowerment indicators such as decision making and attitude towards violence.Analyses were performed at bivariate level with the use of chi square to determine association between outcome and exposure variables and at multivariate level with the use of regression models to examine the effect of women’s empowerment on childhood nutritional status.Results:Women’s socio-demographic and other selected characteristics were statistically significantly associated with childhood nutritional status(stunted and underweight)at p<0.001.These characteristics were also statistically significantly associated with empowerment status of women(Decision-making,Violence attitudes and Experience of violence)at p<0.001 except for child age and sex.The association between childhood nutritional statuses and women’s empowerment(all three empowerment measures)was significant after controlling for other covariates that could also influence childhood nutrition statuses at p<001.Two of the empowerment measures(attitudes towards violence and experience of violence)showed positive association with childhood nutritional statuses while the third(decision-making)showed negative association.Conclusion:There is an independent relationship between childhood nutrition status and women’s empowerment in sub Saharan African countries.Women’s empowerment was found to be related to childhood nutritional status.Policies and programmes aiming at reducing childhood malnutrition should include interventions designed to empower women in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Women’s Empowerment and Its Subversions in The Tenant of Wildfell Hall

The Tenant of Wildfell Hall,firstly published in 1848,was the second and final novel of Anne Brontë,the youngest of the Brontësisters,telling a story of the mysterious young widow Helen Huntingdon,who flees her abusive husband and hides with her son at Wildfell Hall.Just as most contemporary critic defines it as one of the first feminist novels,the overall characterization of Helen sends a strong message of the empowerment of women.What confuses modern readers,however,is the subtle confrontation between the empowerment and its subversion.Thus,this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the text concerning Anne's empow⁃erment of Helen and the corresponding subversion of the established empowerment before unveiling the fundamental cause of such arrangement with a view of shedding light on the comprehension of Anne Brontë's belief in universal social issues.

Economic Empowerment of Rural Women:Case Study of Microfinance Institution(MFIs)in Tangerang,Indonesia

The aim of this research is to extract information from married female clients who utilize financing,empowering,and other facilities provided by Microfinance Institutions(MFIs).Quantitative descriptive approach is used in order to describe MFIs.Specifically,the difference between MFIs in each area will be overviewed by using statistical instruments of testing for a difference between means and independent F-test.On the other hand,descriptive qualitative approach is used to review the social interactions of female clients.The results of this research have uncovered some facts.First,however,Difference-Between-Two-Means Test has revealed that no significant difference is found.This shows that the empowering aspect that has been done by MFIs conforms with the standard.Second,the fact that no significant difference is found in the empowering process has been backed by data that reveals relatively small loans scale,similarity in business models,unvaried necessity,relatively small expenditure and living cost,low access to education,and good accessibility to MFIs.Third,business models that are desirable by female clients have these characteristics:only requiring a minimum amount of capital;durable;fast-moving;focusing more on costumers;adaptable;contributing to the socieW's economy;flexible;having a set amount of freedom.