The article approaches Wong Kar-wai＇s cinematic work using the notion of ＂minor literature＂ as coined by Gilles Deleuze and F61ix Guattari. Minor literature--or, in other words, minor language signifies oppositiona...The article approaches Wong Kar-wai＇s cinematic work using the notion of ＂minor literature＂ as coined by Gilles Deleuze and F61ix Guattari. Minor literature--or, in other words, minor language signifies oppositional/resistant uses of a major/hegemonic language. It appropriates hegemonic language and deterritorialises it by re-signifying its original meanings. By transferring this concept from literature to cinema, we can describe Hong Kong cinema, which deterritorialises Hollywood cinema, as a minor cinema in relation to Hollywood. Following this interpretation, Wong Kar-wai＇s movies appear as a ＂minor language of a minor cinema＂ because they are significantly different from Hong Kong＇s mainstream action cinema. Consequently, Wong＇s movies possess a high level of deterritorialising power, which opens up new spaces of meaning and gives voice to positions usually oppressed by mainstream cinema. Finally, a close reading of Wong＇s movie Happy Together shows how ＂minor movies＂ challenge the mainstream＇s unison and give space to a resistant and transforming polyphony.展开更多
Using real analysis data of 1°×1° resolution of the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR),the nondivergent wind component and irrotational win...Using real analysis data of 1°×1° resolution of the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR),the nondivergent wind component and irrotational wind component obtained by the harmonic-cosine(H-C) method,and the wind structure of Typhoon Fung-Wong (coded 0808 in China) in 2008 was analyzed. The results indicated that the irrotational component was advantageous over the total wind in reflecting both the changes in convergent height and the asymmetrical convergence of Fung-Wong. In Fung-Wong,the nondivergent component was larger than the irrotational component,but the latter was much more variable than the former,which was obtained only from the wind partition method. Further analyses on the irrotational component demonstrated that the location of the convergent center at lower levels was almost the same as the divergent center during the development of Fung-Wong,and its convergent level was high in its life cycle,with the most highest up to 400 hPa when it became stronger. After the typhoon landed in the provinces of Taiwan and Fujian,respectively,its convergent center at lower levels was slowly detached from the divergent center at high levels and the convergent height was also depressed from high levels to lower levels. Gradually,this weakened the intensity of Fung-Wong. This kind of weakening was slow and Fung-Wong maintained its circulation for a long time over land because of its very thick convergent height. Analyses on wind partitioning provided one possible explanation to why Fung-Wong stayed for a long time after it landed. Furthermore,the asymmetric vertical ascending motion was induced by the asymmetric convergence at lower levels. In general,when typhoons (such as Fung-Wong) land,the rainfall region coincides with that of the convergence region (indicated by the irrotational component at lower layers). This means that the possible rainfall regions may be diagnosed from the convergent area of the irrotational component. For an observational experiment on typhoons,the convergent region may be considered as a key observational region.展开更多
文摘The article approaches Wong Kar-wai＇s cinematic work using the notion of ＂minor literature＂ as coined by Gilles Deleuze and F61ix Guattari. Minor literature--or, in other words, minor language signifies oppositional/resistant uses of a major/hegemonic language. It appropriates hegemonic language and deterritorialises it by re-signifying its original meanings. By transferring this concept from literature to cinema, we can describe Hong Kong cinema, which deterritorialises Hollywood cinema, as a minor cinema in relation to Hollywood. Following this interpretation, Wong Kar-wai＇s movies appear as a ＂minor language of a minor cinema＂ because they are significantly different from Hong Kong＇s mainstream action cinema. Consequently, Wong＇s movies possess a high level of deterritorialising power, which opens up new spaces of meaning and gives voice to positions usually oppressed by mainstream cinema. Finally, a close reading of Wong＇s movie Happy Together shows how ＂minor movies＂ challenge the mainstream＇s unison and give space to a resistant and transforming polyphony.
基金State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (2009CB421505)Project of the Ministry of Sciences and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (GYHY200706020)+1 种基金Projects of the Natural Science Foundation of China (40975034, 40775031)Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (2008LASW-A01)
文摘Using real analysis data of 1°×1° resolution of the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR),the nondivergent wind component and irrotational wind component obtained by the harmonic-cosine(H-C) method,and the wind structure of Typhoon Fung-Wong (coded 0808 in China) in 2008 was analyzed. The results indicated that the irrotational component was advantageous over the total wind in reflecting both the changes in convergent height and the asymmetrical convergence of Fung-Wong. In Fung-Wong,the nondivergent component was larger than the irrotational component,but the latter was much more variable than the former,which was obtained only from the wind partition method. Further analyses on the irrotational component demonstrated that the location of the convergent center at lower levels was almost the same as the divergent center during the development of Fung-Wong,and its convergent level was high in its life cycle,with the most highest up to 400 hPa when it became stronger. After the typhoon landed in the provinces of Taiwan and Fujian,respectively,its convergent center at lower levels was slowly detached from the divergent center at high levels and the convergent height was also depressed from high levels to lower levels. Gradually,this weakened the intensity of Fung-Wong. This kind of weakening was slow and Fung-Wong maintained its circulation for a long time over land because of its very thick convergent height. Analyses on wind partitioning provided one possible explanation to why Fung-Wong stayed for a long time after it landed. Furthermore,the asymmetric vertical ascending motion was induced by the asymmetric convergence at lower levels. In general,when typhoons (such as Fung-Wong) land,the rainfall region coincides with that of the convergence region (indicated by the irrotational component at lower layers). This means that the possible rainfall regions may be diagnosed from the convergent area of the irrotational component. For an observational experiment on typhoons,the convergent region may be considered as a key observational region.
