One-bath Dyeing of Polyester/Wool Blend with Disperse Dyes

The role of auxiliary LAB as vehicle in dyeing polyester/wool blends with disperse dyes is described. Dye exhaustion and bonding on polyester/wool samples are studied under different experimental conditions - the LAB amount, the temperature and pH value- to achieve optimum conditions. The results are compared with those obtained with and without conventional dyeing auxiliary products. Although dye exhaustion is higher in the presence of commercial carriers, the dye bonded increases markedly in the presence of auxiliary LAB in both fibers. The role played by auxiliary LAB in polyester/wool blend dyeing can provide a new method for this process.

Use of the Newly Synthesized Aqueous Polyurethane Acrylate Binders for Printing Cotton and Polyester Fabrics

The use of the four new synthesized polyurethane acrylate binders in the pigment print paste for screen printing cotton and polyester fabrics and pigment fixation through the polymerization process of the binder by using the thermofixation technique as well as the UV curing technique was studied. The effect of changing time and temperature of thermofixation, and the time of UV curing on the color strength, and prints fastness properties were also studied. The results showed that, the newly synthesized polyurethane acrylate binders could be successfully used for pigment fixation on cotton and polyester using the two fixation techniques and in general their prints possessed better color strength values as compared to those obtained upon using the selected commercial binders.

Recovery of Polyester/Cotton Blended Fabrics by Alkali Dissolution

A new type of alkali-soluble polyester/cotton blended yarns was used to knit a compact knitted fabric on a circular weft knitting machine,treated with 5 g/L NaOH solution for 60 min at a temperature of 100℃,and the polyester was completely dissolved.The dissolved polyester could be polymerized again by a polycondensation reaction.After the cotton fibers were opened and combed,the length and mechanical properties of the cotton fibers were tested.The physical and mechanical properties of the separated cotton fibers were good.The chemical structure and crystallinity were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis.It could be seen that the chemical structure of cotton fibers was almost unchanged after treatment,and the crystallinity decreased slightly.It provides some reference for the separation and recycling of waste polyester/cotton fabrics.

Biodegradable Behavior of Waste Wool and Their Recycled Polyester Preforms in Aqueous and Soil Conditions

Present study deals with the biodegradable behavior of individual components and their preforms of nonwoven biocomposites developed from waste wool fibers including coring wool(CW),dorper wool(DW)and recycled polyester fibers(RPET).A respirometric technique was employed to estimate the production of CO_(2) during the biodegradation experiments under soil and aqueous media conditions.Functional groups of test samples before and after biodegradation were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).Leaching chemicals such as formaldehyde(hydrolyzed)and Chromium VI(Cr VI)was also measured.The CO_(2) emission in wool fibers CW and DW indicated 90%and 60%biodegradation in soil burial and aqueous media conditions respectively,for 100 days incubation.RPET fibers,20%and 10%biodegradation in soil burial and aqueous media conditions was measured respectively while the preforms of waste wool and RPET reflected 30%and 25%biodegradation in soil burial and aqueous media conditions,respectively.The degradation of end functional groups such as carbonyl(keto and ester),aldehyde and hydroxyl were also confirmed by FTIR.The DW and CW wool fibers showed higher Cr(VI)concentration as compared to the RPET.The released formaldehyde results showed higher concentration for RPET preforms as compared to waste wool preforms.These results suggest that waste wool preforms are extremely environment friendly as compared to RPET preforms.Thus,waste wool preforms it can be potentially utilized for preparing biocomposite materials and associated biobased products.

Predicting Bursting Strength Behavior of Weft Knitted Fabrics Using Various Percentages of Cotton, Polyester, and Spandex Fibers

The bursting strength is an essential quality parameter of knit fabric. The fabric structure, weight, types of fibers, and fiber blend proportion influence the bursting strength parameter. The tenacity of polyester fiber is better than cotton and spandex. The study focused on predicting knit fabric bursting strength test value using different fibers (cotton, polyester, and spandex) with varying percentages of the blend ratio. This study used fifteen categories of blended fabrics. The Pearson Correlation and the hypothetical ANOVA regression analysis were conducted to do the statistical significance test. The experimental result reveals that the bursting strength test result increased with the increased percentage of polyester and suggested a suitable regression equation. The dominance of the polyester fiber was observed throughout the experiment, i.e., the higher the polyester blend proportion, the higher the bursting strength value. The inclusion of polyester in blends can reduce the cost of fabric. The developed prediction model or equation can help the fabric manufacturer make appropriate decisions regarding getting the expected bursting strength. The researcher hopes that the findings from this study will motivate new researchers, advanced researchers, and the textile manufacturing industry.

The Macromarket Law and Development Models of Wool and Cotton Industries

According to the macromarket law, the total supply will go to equilibrium with the total demand for the world as a whole. Textiles are consumables, the total demand of which must be proportional to the population. For any large district, the share ratio - the ratio of the local productivity world share to the local population world share,will approach unity in long term period. The uncommon prosperity of the textile industry in the developed countries before the Second World War had been established by super economical means of the old era. The developing countries nowadays have no such means, and will never be able to establish the local textile Industry to an uncommon large scale. The development model of the textile industry must be in four stages: the first two are common both for the developed and for the developing countries, namely demand leading - supply leading. The third stage is quite different: uncommon expansion followed by significant declination, for the developed, and the re -

Studying the Effect of Polyester Fiber Blend Ratio and Pilling Cycle on Blended Knit Fabrics

Pilling is a severe concern for blended fabrics. The aesthetic look and smoothness are the buyers’ prime requirements. The main focus of the study was to see the pilling behavior from various percentages of polyester fiber blend ratio as well as the different pilling cycles on blended fabrics. The cotton, polyester, and elastane prepared the study fabrics. These fabrics are (90% Cotton/5% Polyester/5% Elastane, 90% Cotton/6% Polyester/4% Elastane, 90% Cotton/7% Polyester/3% Elastane, 90% Cotton/8% Polyester/2% Elastane, and 90% Cotton/9% Polyester/1% Elastane, 85% Cotton/10% Polyester/5% Elastane, 85% Cotton/11% Polyester/4% Elastane, 85% Cotton/12% Polyester/3% Elastane, 85% Cotton/13% Polyester/2% Elastane, and 85% Cotton/ 14% Polyester/1% Elastane, 80% Cotton/15% Polyester/5% Elastane, 80% Cotton/16% Polyester/4% Elastane, 80% Cotton/17% Polyester/3% Elastane, 80% Cotton/18% Polyester/2% Elastane, and 80% Cotton/19% Polyester/1% Elastane). The selected polyester blend ratios were 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18% and 19% respectively. The study used the Martindale pilling tester with 2000, 5000, and 7000 cycles, respectively. The evaluation followed the ISO 12945-2:2000. The study findings are that the polyester fiber blend ratio did not influence the pilling grade on blended fabrics for pilling cycles 2000, and the pilling grade remained constant at 4 - 5. The pilling grade started to deteriorate in pilling cycle 5000 for the fabrics 85%C/10%P/5%E, 85%C/11%P/4%E, 85%C/12%P/3%E, 85%C/ 13%P/2%E, 85%C/14%P/1%E showed the pilling grade 4, and the fabrics made from 80%C/15%P/5%E, 80%C/16%P/4%E, 80%C/17%P/3%E, 80%C/ 18%P/2%E, 80%C/19%P/1%E showed the pilling grade 4, 3, 3, 3, and 3 respectively. For the pilling cycles 7000, the pilling grade further deteriorated for the fabrics 80%C/15%P/5%E, 80%C/16%P/4%E, 80%C/17%P/3%E, 80%C/ 18%P/2%E, 80%C/19%P/1%E showed the pilling grade 3, 3, 2, 2, and 2 respectively. The study finds the dominance of polyester fiber throughout the experiment. The author hopes this study’s outcome will help new researchers, advanced researchers, and the textile industry’s sustainable development research and development team.

涤棉混纺织物基复合光催化材料的制备及性能研究

为了将废旧纺织品回收再生为高值产品,获得具有光催化功能的材料,以涤棉织物为原料,ZnCl_(2)作为活化剂,通过高温炭化,制备出活性炭;然后以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,在活性炭上原位生成TiO_(2),获得了活性炭光催化复合材料,并对产物结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明:混纺比80/20的涤棉织物、800℃下制得的复合光催化材料,TiO_(2)在活性炭上分布均匀,具有无定形结构;该复合材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附量可达344 mg/g,对质量浓度60 mg/L的亚甲基蓝光照6 h后降解率可达98%,并且在循环5次后,对亚甲基蓝的降解率仍可达到80%,具有良好的光催化降解性能和循环使用性能。

Guiyang Cotton Textile Mill

The Guiyang Cotton Textile Mill adheres to the aim of "Quality First and Customers Supreme" and is active in carrying out technical renovation. The mill has introduced a stoke rotary screen printing machine from the Netherlands, on which it has produced Shanhua brand polyester/cotton rotary screen printed shirting. It was appraised as a famous brand product in 1994, and exports reached 12.23 million metres in 1995.

Theoretical Optimization of the Production of Heating Layers Using Local Wool Fibers

Science is the basis of the country’s development and wealth. In particular, it is necessary to effectively use advanced scientific developments and technical achievements in order to strengthen the economy in the period when the desire for innovation in all fields is still growing. In theoretical-experimental Scientific Research work, both theoretical and experimental results are achieved, and it is more useful to withstand more theoretical-experimental loads for a longer period of time. The occurrences in the production process of natural wool fiber technologists are a complex of physical and mechanical phenomena, which can be used only by the modern achievements of science and technology. In most cases, the parameter relationship with the factors influencing the technological process or the object can open a curve without any other things.

中国废旧军服面料回收利用的研究现状及发展前景

为促进废旧军服面料的高值化回收利用,总结了国内07式军服的种类及其面料特征,系统分析了目前开纤纺纱法、再生聚酯切片法、涤棉分离技术等废旧军服面料的回收利用方法,并对废旧军服面料回收再利用的发展前景进行展望。分析表明:目前废旧军服面料的回收利用主要聚焦于简单再利用或回收涤纶组分制备高值再生聚酯切片,较少关注军服面料中其余组分的高值回收利用。针对废旧军服面料中含量相对较高的涤棉混纺面料,采用有效的涤棉分离技术高效分离涤纶和棉纤维,并以此作为原料分别制备再生聚酯切片和再生溶解浆,进一步以再生棉浆粕为原料制备再生纤维素产品将非常有前景。因而,开发高效的涤棉分离、废旧涤纶和棉纤维的高值化利用技术是实现废旧军服面料综合利用的重要发展方向。

顶空气相色谱法测定棉毛纺织品中氯化溶剂残留量

采用顶空自动进样器进样,利用DB-1色谱柱分离、电子捕获检测器检测,通过基质匹配校正法建立标准曲线,外标法定量,建立了一种基于静态顶空-气相色谱法(HS-GC)测定棉、毛纺织品中二氯甲烷等9种氯化溶剂残留量的方法,探讨了顶空进样的平衡温度、平衡时间对测试结果的影响,以及该方法的准确度、精密度和检出限。结果表明:顶空进样平衡温度为60℃、平衡时间为15 min较为合适;基质空白样中添加浓度为1.0 mg/kg的9种氯化溶剂标准混合溶液进行测试,9种氯化溶剂的检出限为0.002~0.190 mg/kg;在0.5~20.0 mg/kg的加标水平下进行测试,9种氯化溶剂的加标回收率为77.7%~114.1%,相对标准偏差为1.02%~8.76%;该方法准确性好,灵敏度高,适用于棉、毛纺织品中氯化溶剂的定性定量分析。

毛/涤制服面料产生极光后的光泽度变化率研究

为了探究毛/涤制服类织物极光强弱的有效评价指标,通过主客观相结合的方式,采用色差仪、织物光泽度仪等对已有极光区域和非极光区域织物的光泽及明度变化进行测试。研究表明,同一织物的极光和非极光区域均存在较为明显的明度差异和光泽度差异,极光与非极光区域的平均光泽度变化率的变化规律与人眼主观评价具有一致性,可以定量评价织物极光强弱,而明度差异可以定性说明织物光泽变化,但是和主观评价不具有一致性;极光具有明显方向性,测试样品的极光区域经向光泽度均高于纬向,应使用极光最明显方向的光泽度变化率进行定量考核。

基于涤棉混纺织物的荧光碳点对Cr(Ⅵ)和Hg(Ⅱ)的检测

该文以废弃涤棉混纺织物为碳源,分别在乙二醇和硫酸溶液中通过溶剂热法合成了两种荧光碳点,实现了对溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)和Hg(Ⅱ)的检测。通过透射电镜与红外光谱表征了碳点的形貌与组成,并基于紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱分析了碳点的电子跃迁形式及发光类型。在乙二醇体系中制得的碳点(ETCCDs)能够选择性检测Cr(Ⅵ),检出限为0.093 mg/L,其检测机理为荧光内滤效应;硫酸体系中制备的碳点(WTCCDs)能够选择性检测Hg(Ⅱ),检出限为0.018µmol/L,检测机理为能量转移。对实际水样中的Cr(Ⅵ)和Hg(Ⅱ)进行检测,验证了上述两种碳点的实用性。基于涤棉混纺织物制备的荧光碳点不仅实现了对两种重金属离子的检测,同时也为废旧纺织物的再生利用提供了借鉴意义。

绢丝/毛/棉色纺纱的组成调控与性能分析

绢丝质地柔软光滑、手感舒适,在服装与家居纺织品等领域中得到了广泛应用,是中国绢纺产业的重要产品之一;然而,目前绢丝织物生产仍存在高能耗、高排污问题,且产品竞争力不足。为此,采用低污染的色纺技术对绢丝进行精确配色,并引入羊绒、羊毛、棉等纤维组分,制备色泽独特且性能优异的色纺纱,以满足市场多样化的需求。通过调控纱线中纤维组成与配比,探究其对混纺色纱条干、机械性能及色牢度的影响规律。通过引入不同颜色与配比的各类纤维后,纤维间的优势互补提升了绢丝系列产品的机械性能、色牢度,完善了绢丝产品性能的不足,实现了绢丝系列产品的多样化,减少了绢纺业的生产能耗与排污。

废旧涤棉混纺织物脱色工艺研究

为解决染化料对废旧涤棉混纺织物再利用的影响,实现再生产品的高值化,采用N,N⁃二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)对废旧涤棉混纺织物进行溶解脱色,再经二氧化硫脲(TD)和氢氧化钠协同作用进一步还原脱色。通过分析脱色过程中各因素对织物脱色率和强力保留率的影响,确定最优溶解⁃还原脱色工艺参数。分析了脱色前后织物的形貌结构、热力学性能、晶体结构,并对脱色后DMAc的回收再利用性能进行了分析。结果表明:溶解最优工艺参数为DMAc用量24 mL,反应温度145℃,反应时间120 min;还原最优工艺参数为TD质量浓度3.65 g/L,NaOH质量浓度10 g/L,温度90℃,处理时间60 min。在最优工艺条件下织物脱色率和强力保留率分别达到98.33%和92.04%,脱色后织物晶体结构变化较小,热力学性能较好,使用后的DMAc试剂可以至少循环回收4次,脱色率均在94.90%以上。

壳聚糖基膨胀阻燃涤纶/棉混纺织物的制备及其性能

为得到阻燃且满足实际应用需求的涤纶/棉混纺织物(T/C),选用亚磷酸化壳聚糖(PCS)和γ-哌嗪基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷(GP-108)制备阻燃整理剂(PCS/GP),通过一步浸渍法对涤纶/棉混纺织物进行整理,并研究其微观表面形貌、热稳定性能、阻燃性能、拉伸性能以及白度等。结果表明:PCS/GP成功在涤纶/棉混纺织物表面沉积成膜,包裹住涤纶/棉纤维;T/C-PCS/GP呈现典型的涤纶/棉混纺织物二步热降解过程,在700℃时保留有28.5%的残炭量,说明PCS/GP提高了阻燃涤纶/棉混纺织物在高温区的热稳定性能;T/C-PCS/GP的LOI值提升至26.5%,实现了垂直燃烧测试中的离火自熄,残炭扫描电镜照片表明,PCS/GP的沉积改善了涤纶/棉混纺织物燃烧时存在的“支架”效应;T/C-PCS/GP的热释放速率峰值和火灾蔓延指数较T/C分别降低了20%和40%,表明其火灾危险性大幅度降低;锥形量热测试后的残炭电镜照片表明,T/C-PCS/GP能够保留完整的织物编织结构,残炭表面存在明显的膨胀炭层,与垂直燃烧测试结果相符;热重红外测试结果表明,T/C-PCS/GP分解提前,主要影响棉组分热降解并促进其成炭,而高温区的红外谱图表明,在致密炭层的保护下,T/C-PCS/GP的热降解得到抑制。T/C-PCS/GP与T/C-PCS相比,断裂强力提升17%,其断裂强力与T/C的断裂强力相差不大;同时,GP-108的使用改善了T/C-PCS的黄变问题,提升了T/C-PCS/GP的白度。然而,阻燃样品耐久性较差,需要后续改进。

气浮法分离废旧涤棉混合纤维的关键技术

研究了“重力浮选+多级气浮”物理法在分离废旧涤棉混合纤维中的应用。在250mL 30%氯化钙溶液中,加入0.375g涤棉混合纤维,利用涤棉纤维与溶液的密度差,结合甲基异丁基甲醇(MIBC)起泡剂产生的气泡,可以实现一定的涤棉分离效果。结果表明,“重力浮选+多级气浮”的分离方法可以逐级分离出更多的棉纤维,四级气浮后底层样品的棉纤维占比可达到90.1%,但分离效果随分离级数的增加而减弱,其中二级气浮的单次分离效果最佳。

流过式介质阻挡放电电离质谱法结合随机森林模型快速鉴别棉、涤纶纺织品

为实现对棉、涤纶纺织品的快速准确鉴别,开发了电烙铁灼烧-流过式介质阻挡放电电离质谱法。结果表明,电烙铁灼烧-流过式介质阻挡放电电离质谱法无需样品前处理,操作简便,单次数据采集用时仅为4~5 s。使用棉、涤纶与棉涤混纺纺织品样品的质谱指纹图谱数据,建立了基于随机森林算法的预测模型。优化后的随机森林模型五折交叉验证与袋外验证的误判率分别为2.50%和2.52%。基于袋外验证混淆矩阵,求得该模型的预测准确率为97.5%,对棉与涤纶样品的精确率、召回率和F1分数均高于95%,满足快速鉴别要求。该方法可为棉、涤纶纺织品真伪鉴别与品质评价提供技术参考。

BCI棉/再生涤混纺针织织物染整工艺

采用活性染料/分散染料对BCI棉/再生涤混纺针织织物进行染色,比较不同染色工艺的得色效果、耐汗渍色牢度、耐皂洗色牢度、耐摩擦色牢度以及耐光色牢度等指标,筛选BCI棉/再生涤混纺针织织物的大生产工艺,从而减少实际大生产时染色带来废水对环境造成的污染,以优化染色质量与成本。实验结果表明:选择方案4#进行印染加工更加节约用水成本、时间成本、用电成本。染色织物耐干摩擦色牢度可达4~5级,耐湿摩擦色牢度可达3~4级,耐皂洗色牢度可达4~5级,耐汗渍色牢度达到4~5级,具有生产可行性。