As an important metaphor, metaphor of color-related English words regards color domain as source domain, and maps the color domain to non-colored abstract domain. This enables us to understand, think and discuss color...As an important metaphor, metaphor of color-related English words regards color domain as source domain, and maps the color domain to non-colored abstract domain. This enables us to understand, think and discuss color-related concept. This paper studies the basic color-related English words through cognitive metaphor. The process of exploring the associative meanings of the color-related English words is in nature to understand the cultural connotation of color-related English words by means of cognitive metaphor under different cultural backgrounds.展开更多
Solving arithmetic word problems that entail deep implicit relations is still a challenging problem.However,significant progress has been made in solving Arithmetic Word Problems(AWP)over the past six decades.This pap...Solving arithmetic word problems that entail deep implicit relations is still a challenging problem.However,significant progress has been made in solving Arithmetic Word Problems(AWP)over the past six decades.This paper proposes to discover deep implicit relations by qualia inference to solve Arithmetic Word Problems entailing Deep Implicit Relations(DIR-AWP),such as entailing commonsense or subject-domain knowledge involved in the problem-solving process.This paper proposes to take three steps to solve DIR-AWPs,in which the first three steps are used to conduct the qualia inference process.The first step uses the prepared set of qualia-quantity models to identify qualia scenes from the explicit relations extracted by the Syntax-Semantic(S2)method from the given problem.The second step adds missing entities and deep implicit relations in order using the identified qualia scenes and the qualia-quantity models,respectively.The third step distills the relations for solving the given problem by pruning the spare branches of the qualia dependency graph of all the acquired relations.The research contributes to the field by presenting a comprehensive approach combining explicit and implicit knowledge to enhance reasoning abilities.The experimental results on Math23K demonstrate hat the proposed algorithm is superior to the baseline algorithms in solving AWPs requiring deep implicit relations.展开更多
Patients with major depressive disorder （MDD） develop a negative cognitive bias, but how they respond to information in Chinese emotional words is unclear. Here we used a Stroop paradigm with subliminal Chinese emot...Patients with major depressive disorder （MDD） develop a negative cognitive bias, but how they respond to information in Chinese emotional words is unclear. Here we used a Stroop paradigm with subliminal Chinese emotional words to explore the event-related potential components of abnormal emotional processing Jn patients with MDD. The correct rate was similar in MDD and normal control groups, but MDD reaction time was longer than the normal controls, especially to the negative and neutral stimuli. In N270, repeated-measure analysis of variance demonstrated a significant main effect of the relation electrode and valence on peak amplitude and interactions between valence and electrode site. The peak amplitudes of the three kinds of words were different in the two groups （positive 〉 negative 〉 neutral）. The topography of the difference waves indicated that the difference distributed in the frontal and left parietal-temporal sites across the scalp. In N400, there was a significant main effect of the relation electrode and valence on peak amplitude, and the latency showed a main effect of the electrode and an interaction between electrode and group. The amplitudes induced by type of words were significantly different from each other in both groups （positive 〉 negative 〉 neutral）. The topography of the difference waves indicated that the effect of relation type was primarily at left and right frontal and central and left parietal-temporal regions. Both MDD patients and normal controls exhibited significant emotional Stroop effects during the processing of positive/negative Chinese emotional words. MDD patients showed interference in emotional stimuli in early cognitive processing that induced psychological resource intervention during late emotional information processing.展开更多
When you mention lexicology,absolutely it is a branch of linguistics,inquiring into the origins and meanings of words.The lexicologist Mc Carthy(1990)have given us his opinion about it.He said,grammar is important,and...When you mention lexicology,absolutely it is a branch of linguistics,inquiring into the origins and meanings of words.The lexicologist Mc Carthy(1990)have given us his opinion about it.He said,grammar is important,and it indeed plays a vital rolein English study,but that is not all.In fact,tar from this.From this we can see,vocabulary and the study and learning of vocabularytake an outstanding place in the study of language,it will improve his skills of using reference books and raise his problem-solvingability and efficiency of individual study.And it will make you much more receptive and productive in language processing and lan-guage production.Knowledge of English Lexicology can offer a great help to the work of the teachers of English.Armed with thisknowledge,they can better control the teaching materials,especially the concerning words.They can also select and organize mate-rials to teach in a more effective way.What is more,they can make use of the different sense relations to group vocabulary,inter-pret words and explain meanings to the students;At last,their teaching will prove better if they have the knowledge of dictionaries.In my thesis,I will talk about how to deal with new words in material.展开更多
English words in pairs are a special form of English idioms, which have different kinds and are used widely. For English learners, words in pairs are one of the difficult points. This paper discusses their form patter...English words in pairs are a special form of English idioms, which have different kinds and are used widely. For English learners, words in pairs are one of the difficult points. This paper discusses their form patterns, semantic relations, grammatical functions, rhetoric features and their application in translation. Its purpose is to help learners understand and use them accurately and correctly so as to improve language expressing ability.展开更多
针对词向量语义信息不完整以及文本特征抽取时的一词多义问题,提出基于BERT(Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformer)的两次注意力加权算法(TARE)。首先,在词向量编码阶段,通过构建Q、K、V矩阵使用自注意力机制动态编...针对词向量语义信息不完整以及文本特征抽取时的一词多义问题,提出基于BERT(Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformer)的两次注意力加权算法(TARE)。首先,在词向量编码阶段,通过构建Q、K、V矩阵使用自注意力机制动态编码算法,为当前词的词向量捕获文本前后词语义信息;其次,在模型输出句子级特征向量后,利用定位信息符提取全连接层对应参数,构建关系注意力矩阵;最后,运用句子级注意力机制算法为每个句子级特征向量添加不同的注意力分数,提高句子级特征的抗噪能力。实验结果表明:在NYT-10m数据集上,与基于对比学习框架的CIL(Contrastive Instance Learning)算法相比,TARE的F1值提升了4.0个百分点,按置信度降序排列后前100、200和300条数据精准率Precision@N的平均值(P@M)提升了11.3个百分点;在NYT-10d数据集上,与基于注意力机制的PCNN-ATT(Piecewise Convolutional Neural Network algorithm based on ATTention mechanism)算法相比,精准率与召回率曲线下的面积(AUC)提升了4.8个百分点,P@M值提升了2.1个百分点。在主流的远程监督关系抽取(DSER)任务中,TARE有效地提升了模型对数据特征的学习能力。展开更多
为获得结构化的小麦品种表型和遗传描述,针对非结构化小麦种质数据中存在的实体边界模糊以及关系重叠问题,提出一种基于深度字词融合的小麦种质信息实体关系联合抽取模型WGIE-DCWF(wheat germplasm information extraction model based ...为获得结构化的小麦品种表型和遗传描述,针对非结构化小麦种质数据中存在的实体边界模糊以及关系重叠问题,提出一种基于深度字词融合的小麦种质信息实体关系联合抽取模型WGIE-DCWF(wheat germplasm information extraction model based on deep character and word fusion)。模型编码层通过深度字词融合和上下文语义特征融合,提高密集实体特征识别能力;模型三元组抽取层建立层叠指针网络,提高重叠关系的提取能力。在小麦种质数据集和公开数据集上的一系列对比实验结果表明,WGIE-DCWF模型能够有效提高小麦种质数据实体关系联合抽取效果,同时拥有较好的泛化性,可以为小麦种质信息知识库构建提供技术支撑。展开更多
文摘As an important metaphor, metaphor of color-related English words regards color domain as source domain, and maps the color domain to non-colored abstract domain. This enables us to understand, think and discuss color-related concept. This paper studies the basic color-related English words through cognitive metaphor. The process of exploring the associative meanings of the color-related English words is in nature to understand the cultural connotation of color-related English words by means of cognitive metaphor under different cultural backgrounds.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61977029)supported the worksupported partly by Nurturing Program for Doctoral Dissertations at Central China Normal University(No.2022YBZZ028).
文摘Solving arithmetic word problems that entail deep implicit relations is still a challenging problem.However,significant progress has been made in solving Arithmetic Word Problems(AWP)over the past six decades.This paper proposes to discover deep implicit relations by qualia inference to solve Arithmetic Word Problems entailing Deep Implicit Relations(DIR-AWP),such as entailing commonsense or subject-domain knowledge involved in the problem-solving process.This paper proposes to take three steps to solve DIR-AWPs,in which the first three steps are used to conduct the qualia inference process.The first step uses the prepared set of qualia-quantity models to identify qualia scenes from the explicit relations extracted by the Syntax-Semantic(S2)method from the given problem.The second step adds missing entities and deep implicit relations in order using the identified qualia scenes and the qualia-quantity models,respectively.The third step distills the relations for solving the given problem by pruning the spare branches of the qualia dependency graph of all the acquired relations.The research contributes to the field by presenting a comprehensive approach combining explicit and implicit knowledge to enhance reasoning abilities.The experimental results on Math23K demonstrate hat the proposed algorithm is superior to the baseline algorithms in solving AWPs requiring deep implicit relations.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30570609
文摘Patients with major depressive disorder （MDD） develop a negative cognitive bias, but how they respond to information in Chinese emotional words is unclear. Here we used a Stroop paradigm with subliminal Chinese emotional words to explore the event-related potential components of abnormal emotional processing Jn patients with MDD. The correct rate was similar in MDD and normal control groups, but MDD reaction time was longer than the normal controls, especially to the negative and neutral stimuli. In N270, repeated-measure analysis of variance demonstrated a significant main effect of the relation electrode and valence on peak amplitude and interactions between valence and electrode site. The peak amplitudes of the three kinds of words were different in the two groups （positive 〉 negative 〉 neutral）. The topography of the difference waves indicated that the difference distributed in the frontal and left parietal-temporal sites across the scalp. In N400, there was a significant main effect of the relation electrode and valence on peak amplitude, and the latency showed a main effect of the electrode and an interaction between electrode and group. The amplitudes induced by type of words were significantly different from each other in both groups （positive 〉 negative 〉 neutral）. The topography of the difference waves indicated that the effect of relation type was primarily at left and right frontal and central and left parietal-temporal regions. Both MDD patients and normal controls exhibited significant emotional Stroop effects during the processing of positive/negative Chinese emotional words. MDD patients showed interference in emotional stimuli in early cognitive processing that induced psychological resource intervention during late emotional information processing.
文摘When you mention lexicology,absolutely it is a branch of linguistics,inquiring into the origins and meanings of words.The lexicologist Mc Carthy(1990)have given us his opinion about it.He said,grammar is important,and it indeed plays a vital rolein English study,but that is not all.In fact,tar from this.From this we can see,vocabulary and the study and learning of vocabularytake an outstanding place in the study of language,it will improve his skills of using reference books and raise his problem-solvingability and efficiency of individual study.And it will make you much more receptive and productive in language processing and lan-guage production.Knowledge of English Lexicology can offer a great help to the work of the teachers of English.Armed with thisknowledge,they can better control the teaching materials,especially the concerning words.They can also select and organize mate-rials to teach in a more effective way.What is more,they can make use of the different sense relations to group vocabulary,inter-pret words and explain meanings to the students;At last,their teaching will prove better if they have the knowledge of dictionaries.In my thesis,I will talk about how to deal with new words in material.
文摘English words in pairs are a special form of English idioms, which have different kinds and are used widely. For English learners, words in pairs are one of the difficult points. This paper discusses their form patterns, semantic relations, grammatical functions, rhetoric features and their application in translation. Its purpose is to help learners understand and use them accurately and correctly so as to improve language expressing ability.
文摘针对词向量语义信息不完整以及文本特征抽取时的一词多义问题,提出基于BERT(Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformer)的两次注意力加权算法(TARE)。首先,在词向量编码阶段,通过构建Q、K、V矩阵使用自注意力机制动态编码算法,为当前词的词向量捕获文本前后词语义信息;其次,在模型输出句子级特征向量后,利用定位信息符提取全连接层对应参数,构建关系注意力矩阵;最后,运用句子级注意力机制算法为每个句子级特征向量添加不同的注意力分数,提高句子级特征的抗噪能力。实验结果表明:在NYT-10m数据集上,与基于对比学习框架的CIL(Contrastive Instance Learning)算法相比,TARE的F1值提升了4.0个百分点,按置信度降序排列后前100、200和300条数据精准率Precision@N的平均值(P@M)提升了11.3个百分点;在NYT-10d数据集上,与基于注意力机制的PCNN-ATT(Piecewise Convolutional Neural Network algorithm based on ATTention mechanism)算法相比,精准率与召回率曲线下的面积(AUC)提升了4.8个百分点,P@M值提升了2.1个百分点。在主流的远程监督关系抽取(DSER)任务中,TARE有效地提升了模型对数据特征的学习能力。
文摘为获得结构化的小麦品种表型和遗传描述,针对非结构化小麦种质数据中存在的实体边界模糊以及关系重叠问题,提出一种基于深度字词融合的小麦种质信息实体关系联合抽取模型WGIE-DCWF(wheat germplasm information extraction model based on deep character and word fusion)。模型编码层通过深度字词融合和上下文语义特征融合,提高密集实体特征识别能力;模型三元组抽取层建立层叠指针网络,提高重叠关系的提取能力。在小麦种质数据集和公开数据集上的一系列对比实验结果表明,WGIE-DCWF模型能够有效提高小麦种质数据实体关系联合抽取效果,同时拥有较好的泛化性,可以为小麦种质信息知识库构建提供技术支撑。
