Underground Space Landscape Design of Business Zone B of Shanghai World Expo

Business Zone B of Shanghai World Expo is the dynamic cluster area of well-known enterprise headquarters,and it has created the scheme layout of integrated design above and below ground according to regional planning characteristics and the characteristics of the times.The underground space landscape design of Business Zone B of Shanghai World Expo is a typical case of underground space development in China,and the summary of design strategy is helpful for improving underground space landscape design level in China.The existing problems in landscape design of Business Zone B of Shanghai World Expo are found through fi eld investigation,and the law of underground space landscape design in Business Zone B is summarized.Due to the fact that the development of underground space can not be reversed,the optimization design strategy of underground space landscape,such as strengthening the connectivity of underground space,enriching the sunken square and courtyard,and creating good physical environment of underground space,is put forward to improve the status quo of underground space environment.The construction level of underground space landscape in China has been constantly improving.As long as the urban planning is reasonable and pays attention to the application of integrated design of ground and underground,architectural technology and art combination in underground space environment,the construction of urban underground space landscape will become more ecological,humanized and diversifi ed.

Stone Culture Landscapes in Changyudongtian from the Perspective of World Heritage

Stone cultural landscape is a heritage type that is less involved in the world heritage list, which has unique value and cultural significance in the cultural landscape heritages. Changyudongtian, which demonstrates unique and harmonious stone culture landscapes characterized by its special geological structure, distinctive quarrying technology, long history of quarrying, harmonious rural folk cultures and interaction between man and nature with coexistence and prosperity, is based on the quarry remains with a history about 1,500 years, villages with lots of slate houses and local folk cultures. This article introduced landscape elements and features of Changyudongtian, and compared it with other similar world heritage sites, then with other famous domestic quarries, to explore the world heritage criteria that it may meet. And in addition to exploring its potentials to become world heritage, this article also put forward specific advices to better protect and utilize this heritage resource.

Spatial Distribution and Inscribed Criteria of Cultural Landscape World Heritage Sites

As an important type of world heritage sites,cultural landscape has always been an important research subject.In order to explore the spatial distribution and evolution mode of cultural landscape all over the world,the paper systematically elaborated the historical context of cultural landscape.The distribution characteristics were analyzed by statistical methods,and the connotation and evolution law represented by cultural landscape in different regions were expounded.The word frequency of regional heritage criteria was analyzed,and the local characteristics of each case were discussed.The research shows that the spatial distribution of global cultural landscape is unbalanced,mainly concentrated in Europe,and the spatial distribution characteristics are closely related to geographical environment,social history,economic development level and many other factors.In terms of inscribed criteria for world heritage sites,most cultural landscapes are mainly based on cultural criteria,but also involve natural criteria.The recognition and protection of cultural landscapes that simultaneously meet multiple criteria will become the focus in the future.

Landscape Aesthetic Characteristics of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property and Realization Path of Aesthetic Education Value

Wulingyuan is a world natural heritage property mainly dominated by rare quartz sandstone peak forest landscape at home and abroad and supplemented by karst landscapes,with a large number of geological and historical sites,biological and ecological landscape and unique cultural landscapes.Preserving the secluded and beautiful scenery environment,biological environment and ecosystem of subtropical zone,Wulingyuan presents a splendid and magnificent landscape,with high aesthetic value,and becomes an important practice base of aesthetic education.The aesthetic education value of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property can be realized by systematically studying and presenting the aesthetic education value of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property,developing a series of aesthetic education courses to lead tourists into the world of Wulingyuan aesthetic education,carrying out a series of popular science activities of“Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property Entering Campus”,and incorporating into the aesthetic education curriculum system of schools,etc.This paper analyzes the landscape aesthetic characteristics of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property thoroughly,which indicates the direction for realizing the aesthetic education value of the property,and also provides a reference for realizing the aesthetic education value of similar world natural heritage property.

Research on the Value of Chinese Famous Mountainous Scenic Spots in the Perspective of Cultural Landscape

After summarizing relevant researches on famous mountainous scenic spots and the development of cultural landscapes in world cultural heritages, the paper has analyzed the value of famous mountainous scenic spots in China and considered that Chinese famous mountainous scenic spots are of rich natural science value and unique aesthetic value, have inherited traditional humane landscape aesthetic value, reflected the philosophical view of "the unity between heaven and human" and profound religious culture, and preserved rich cultural remains, corresponding with the definition and requirement of cultural landscape in world heritages.

Quantitative assessment of the impact of earthquakeinduced geohazards on natural landscapes in Jiuzhaigou Valley

Many natural landscapes that lie in high mountain regions are highly susceptible to geological hazards, and their values and integrity are strongly threatened by the hazards. A preliminary framework was proposed to undertake a quantitative assessment of the impact of earthquake-induced geological hazards on the natural landscapes. Four factors reflecting the aesthetic value, ecological value, integrity of landscapes were selected to assess their vulnerability. The impact of earthquake-induced geological hazards on the landscapes is quantitatively expressed as the product of their vulnerability and resilience. The assessment framework was applied to Jiuzhaigou Valley which was severely struck by the Ms 7.0 earthquake on August 8, 2017. Field survey, satellite image interpretation, high-resolution DEM and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) reconnaissance were used to retrieve the values of the assessment factors. Twenty seven World Heritage Sites in the valley strongly influenced by the earthquakeinduced geohazards were evaluated. The impact values of two sites of them(Sparking Lake and Nuorilang Waterfall) are up to 8.24 and 4.65, respectively, and their natural landscapes were greatly damaged. The assessment results show a good agreement with the actual damages of the heritage sites.

Cultural Diversity of Traditional Settlement Landscape Gene

As a crucial channel for understanding traditional settlements culture,traditional settlement landscape gene is of vital importance to figure out status quo of traditional Chinese culture,to protect cultural heritage of settlements,and to help residents establish cultural confidence.This paper adopts diversity index,schema analysis,and qualitative analysis methods to identify cultural diversity and construct diversity map of cultural landscape genes.It shows that cultural diversity of landscape genes refers to the various forms of cultural factors in architecture,environment,culture,and layout,including type diversity,combination diversity,and functional diversity.

A Remote Sensing-based Analysis on the Impact of Wenchuan Earthquake on the Core Value of World Nature Heritage Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuary

In this study,we used remotely sensed data,GIS modeling,and statistical methods to evaluate the damage caused by the Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12,2008) to the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) habitat in the World Nature Heritage Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuary (WHSGPS) in China.A landscape ecological analysis found increases of landscape heterogeneity,complexity,and fragmentation in the giant panda habitat after the earthquake.A terrain analysis found that slope and elevation are directly associated with the distribution of the damaged areas.As slope and elevation increase,the size of the damaged area keeps increase until to a peak,and then starts to drop.The total area of the damaged vegetation in our study area is 114.26 km 2,accounting for 3.78% of the study area;30.46% of that 114.26 km 2 is located in the Core Zone of WHSGPS.There are 18.57km 2 of the damaged vegetation located in the identified suitable giant panda habitat,accounting for 1.75% of the total area of suitable giant panda habitats in the study area.Based on these findings,we conclude that the Wenchuan Earthquake does not have significant impact on the WHSGPS as a whole.

Ecological Risk Assessment of World Heritage Sites Using RS and GIS:A Case Study of Huangshan Mountain, China

Ecological risk assessment(ERA) is an indispensable method for systematic monitoring of World Heritage Sites(WHSs) exposed to various anthropogenic factors and natural disasters. Remote sensing(RS) and geographical information systems(GIS) can eliminate many limitations in traditional ERA methods. In this study, changes in ecological risk at Huangshan Mountain, the first mixed WHS in China, over the period of 1984–2019 were explored using remote sensing images and products by considering both natural disasters and human disturbance. Results show that of the four land cover types in Huangshan Mountain, namely water, forest, building and farmland, the main land cover type is forest. During the 35 yr, lands categorised at low or relatively low ecological risk levels are dominant in Huangshan Mountain, with the lowest and highest ERIs(ecological risk index) in 1990 and 2010, respectively. The areas at the five ecological risk levels have declined as follows: relatively low > low > medium > relatively high > high. Changes in ecological risks are closely related to changes in land cover and natural disasters. Even though major natural disasters may affect the ecological risk level in the whole region, changes in land cover caused by human activities will shift the ecological risk level in some areas. Our attempts can be modified and applied to other sites, and offer policy implications for protection and preservation of WHSs.

Procedure for Delisting a Site From the World Heritage List： Is Delisting With Consent or Against the Wish of a State Party Possible？

As of 2015 （UNESCO, 2015）, the over-40-year-old Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage （1972） has been ratified by 191 nations, making it a universal and internationally recognised instrument for the protection of cultural and natural heritage. In the meantime, 1007 World Heritage Sites have been inscribed on the World Heritage List （as of February 2015） and two sites have been delisted. This paper discusses the delisting procedure of a site from the World Heritage List based on the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention （henceforth OG）. First of all, the question of the possibility to delist a site from the World Heritage List, in general, is addressed. And based on this discussion, the necessity of the consent of the State Party to the WHC on whose territory the site to be delisted is located is then examined.

亚洲茶文化景观在世界遗产中的潜力及贡献

茶文化景观是国际古迹遗址理事会(ICOMOS)重点关注的乡村景观遗产类型。亚洲,尤其是中国,是全球茶文化的发祥地,6000年来人们对野生茶树的驯化、培育、管理和利用,反映了独特环境、社会、经济和文化条件下的生态智慧,具有全球文化传播和可持续发展的代表性。中国普洱景迈山古茶林文化景观的成功登录填补了茶文化景观在世界遗产中的空白。分析世界遗产文化景观的快速发展趋势,以及基于农业经济的亚洲乡村文化景观在类型数量和价值展示中的不足,回顾国际乡村景观遗产前沿研究和文件,指出亚洲茶文化景观在世界遗产文化景观类型中的缺口,以文化景观自然-文化关联性和物质-非物质整体性的视角,揭示亚洲茶文化景观在“反映和谐可持续的人地关系与实践智慧”“促进传统生计与可持续发展”“传承与传播文化多样性”3个方面的潜力与贡献。以期为系统开展亚洲和中国茶文化景观研究提供理论基础与认知视角,为完善亚洲茶文化景观类型作出贡献。

遗产综合体构建研究--以盐城世界自然遗产为例

世界遗产管理已经进入可持续、高质量发展的新阶段,亟须探索保护与发展联动的管理模式。借鉴“旅游综合体”这一功能复合、高效互动、以点带面的旅游开发模式,在遗产地构建“遗产综合体”,即以遗产保护为核心,由与遗产相关的监测、研究、展示、服务、产业等多种设施或机构以及管理体制、利益相关者协调机制等制度环境共同构成的功能复合体。它遵循多元综合、保护与发展联动、区域促进等原则,旨在实现遗产保护与地区可持续发展的双重目标。以中国黄(渤)海候鸟栖息地(I期)为例,探讨盐城遗产综合体的现状、问题和优化对策。

世界遗产语境下普洱景迈山古茶林文化景观的生态智慧研究

生态智慧以人与自然的关系处理为核心范畴,对当今社会的可持续发展具有重要意义。文化景观是自然与人的共同作品,是生态智慧的典型研究对象,但目前缺少以文化景观为研究对象的生态智慧研究。以2023年9月新入选世界遗产的“普洱景迈山古茶林文化景观”为研究对象,依据以人为中心的不同外围空间尺度,从土地利用与林下茶种植方式、村落营建、居住建筑3个物质方面,以及以“茶”为核心的民族文化体系等文化层面,深刻揭示了“景迈山古茶林文化景观”世界遗产蕴含的生态智慧。进而在文化景观世界遗产语境下,从形成关键、组成部分、遗产价值、关注点和保护重点等方面对生态智慧进行深层次解析。不仅促进、拓展文化景观、生态智慧和风景园林的理论研究,而且对普洱景迈山古茶林遗产的认知与保护等也具有现实意义。

第1届跑酷世锦赛竞争格局与竞赛趋势浅析

本文采用文献资料法、录像观察法、数理统计法等研究方法,对第1届跑酷世界锦标赛参赛运动员和各项目决赛运动员的竞赛成绩进行分析,旨在了解世界各队跑酷参赛运动员的竞争实力和各项目的竞赛趋势,掌握国际体操联合会引领跑酷运动发展的最新动态,为我国跑酷运动员在后续比赛中取得优异成绩提供参考。结果显示:(1)第1届跑酷世界锦标赛的参赛队主要集中在亚洲和欧洲地区,欧洲地区的参赛队展现出较强的竞技实力,各队在夺牌方面呈现出群雄争霸的局面。(2)自由式比赛的竞赛趋势为“难美并行”,同时注重跑酷各类型动作的连贯程度与稳定性;后空转体类动作和悠杆空翻类动作是运动员在动作分布中的主要得分手段;在最高难度动作中,女子运动员最常使用的动作为悠杆后空2周,男子运动员最常使用的动作为后空转体1080°。(3)竞速赛的竞赛趋势为“快者为王”,注重运用跑酷动作翻越障碍的速度以及多个跑酷动作之间的衔接速度。在女子竞速赛中,瑞典队的TIBBLING Miranda具备较强的竞争力,其他运动员实力差距较小;在男子竞速赛中,运动员整体实力均衡,相差不大。

浅议世界自然遗产视野下自然景观保护管理的挑战

我国具有数量众多和独特的自然景观,这些自然景观构成我国自然遗产的重要部分,保护这些自然遗产是建设生态文明和贡献于构建人类命运共同体的重要任务。文章从“景观”与“自然景观”的概念入手,回顾了现代自然景观保护理念的发展,从世界自然遗产视野出发,将自然景观定义为具有自然遗产价值的景观。使用世界遗产中心官网的数据梳理《世界遗产名录》中自然景观的分布、价值内涵和保存情况,总结国际上对世界自然遗产保护管理的认知以及自然景观保护管理面临的主要问题和原因,并通过对新疆天山和九寨沟风景名胜区2处案例地的分析,探讨中国世界自然遗产所面临的具体问题。总体上,自然景观的“景观”属性给保护管理带来了挑战,同时也影响了世界遗产组织的自然保护价值观的文化转向,此外地区一般性问题也给地区带来了关键挑战。

近十年来无人机摄影测量在风景园林规划与设计领域的应用研究

随着轻型旋翼无人机的商业化普及,摄影测量以高效率、灵活快捷、作业成本低等优点在三维实景重建和工程测量中得到广泛应用。借助CiteSpace文献计量工具,系统梳理了2010-2022年期间国内外摄影测量技术在风景园林规划与设计领域中的研究及应用热点,并结合近1万hm^(2)的三维实景重建与应用经验,详细阐述其基本操作原理、全流程软件的使用及应用场景。研究发现,无人机摄影测量研究的前沿热点可概括为测量技术研究与应用场景开发两个方面。无人机摄影测量生成的“4D”数字化产品主要包括数字表面模型(DSM)、数字高程模型(DEM)、数字正射影像图(DOM)与数字线划地图(DLG),其应用主要集中在5个方面,分别是高精度地理空间数据测量、三维空间数据分析及可视化、风景遗产资源保护与利用、林业及生态资源量化研究以及工程系统信息模型构建。未来,随着以人工智能为代表的一批新兴信息技术的发展,无人机摄影测量将会支持以量化研究为基础的应用拓展、支持集成化的风景园林规划设计工作流、支持虚实融合的风景园林空间体验,并进一步促进行业数字化转型发展。

World Heritage Cultural Landscapes:An Old or a New Concept for China?

The term‘cultural landscape’has many different meanings for different people throughout the world.It has been widely circulated since the international recognition of cultural landscapes extended to World Heritage prominence in 1992 with three categories of cultural landscapes of outstanding universal value defined as the‘combined works of nature and of man’.However,the application of World Heritage Cultural Landscapes(WHCLs)encountered difficulties in China.This paper reviews the history of nature-related World Heritage conservation in the country,examines the cross-cultural confusion of World Heritage practice from Chinese traditional cultural perspective of culture and nature relationship to address to the international bewilderment about China’s two-decade absence from WHCLs.The paper also reviews the efforts taken by China to dispel the conceptual confusion,what has been inspired by and contributed to the WHCLs in the recent years.Finally,the paper examines what China and WHCLs can mutually benefit from each other based on the common concerns of sustainable development and harmonious human-nature relationship in the future.

World Heritage, Tourism Destination and Agricultural Heritage Landscape: The Case of Grand Pré, Nova Scotia, Canada

Grand Pré,Nova Scotia,an outstanding example of a traditional land-use that is representative of human interaction with a distinctive environment,has been presented for UNESCO World Heritage Site （WHS） designation.One of Canada＇s most fertile agricultural landscapes,it is also an iconic memorial site for a people who overcame a tragedy of forced migration-the Acadian Deportation-in 1755,which has since become the lure for significant numbers of tourists to the region.Now facing a double threat of agriculture change and tourism decline,Grand Pré has high expectations from its recent WHS designation （2012） and the perceived tourism that it will bring.This concept paper discusses Grand Pré as a globally important agriculture heritage system and,in light of previous research,questions its expectations of WHS designation as a conduit for future economic viability and sustainability in the region.